Grammar and usage(2): Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed(I)教学设计第二课时

非谓语动词

1. 含义:不定式表示_____和______；动词的ing表示_______和________；过去分词表示______和_______。

2. 非谓语动词的时态和语态

一般式

完成式

进行式

不定式

主动

被动

\

ing 形式

主动

\

被动

\

过去分词

被动

\ \ 3.非谓语动词的否定形式

动词不定式

1. 成分

（一）To master a foreign language is very important. =_______________________________________________ In fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. （二）My job is to drive them to the company every day.

1.

The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult.

A. not make

B. not to make

C. not making D. do not make 2.This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.

A. operating

B. to be operating

C. operated

D. to operate (三）

Do you want to visit the Great Wall?

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 1. I don’t want ____like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.

A. to sound

B. to be sounded C. sounding

D. to have sounded 2. The chairman thought __ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the

meeting. A. that B. it C. this

D. him 3. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.

A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do 4. I remembered

the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.

A. locking

B. to lock

C. having locked

D. to have locked

(四) The teacher advised us to have a rest first.

I didn’t notice them come in.

1.My parents have always made me ____ about myself , even when I was twelve.

A. feeling well

B. feeling good

C. feel well

D. feel good

2. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat not

B. eating not C. not to eat

D. not eat 3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_____.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it

D. do not to

(五)

I have a meeting to attend. He found a good house to live in.

The child has nothing to worry about.

Edison was the first scientist to build a modern research and development center.

Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office to send it to. Attention:

Have you got anything to send?

Have you got anything to be sent?

I am going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything __ to your son?A.

taken

B. to take

C. to be taken

D. take

1. — I would like to buy an expensive camera.

— Well. We have several models _____.

A. to choose from B. to choose

C. to be chosen D. for choosing

2.—— The last one ____ pays the meal.

—— Agreed! A. arrived

B. arrives

C. to arrive

D. arriving

3. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A. to be made

B. being made

C. made

D. having been made

(六)：1.

She reads China Daily every day so as to/to/in order to improve her English.

In order to make our city green,_____

A. it is necessary to have planted more trees

B. many more trees need to plant

C. our city needs more trees

D. we must plant more trees

2．

I’m glad to see you . They were very sad to hear the news.

1

3．

He arrived late to find the train gone.

1)He hurried to the booking office only _that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell

B. to be told

C. telling D. told 2) He was busy writing a story, only _____ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. A. to stop

B. stopping

C. to have stopped

D. having stopped

2. 疑问词＋不定式：可作主语、表语或宾语。

How to finish the work in time is a problem. We don’t know when and where to go .

1.I've worked with children before, so I know what__in my new job.A.expected B to expect C.to be expecting D. expects 2. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows

.

A. it what to do with

B, what to do it with C. what to do with it

D. to do what with it 3. 不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：

1. 一般式：They often watch us play table tennis.

She hopes to go there again.

2. 完成式：I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. /She seems to have been a teacher for many years.

3. 进行式：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.

Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears

everything.

A. to tell B. to be told

C. to be telling

D. to have been told

a) Robert is said

abroad，but I don’t know what country he studied in.

b) Robert is said

abroad，but I don’t know what country he is studying in.

c) Robert is said

abroad，but I don’t know what country he will study in.

A. to have studied

B. to study

C. to be studying

D. to have been studying

4. 作独立成分：

To tell you the truth/To be frank, I don't like the way he talked.

to tell you the truth / to be frank /to be honest/ to begin/start with,

to be brief ,to make a long story short , to be exact , to make matters worse, to say nothing of 姑且不说

to conclude ,to be sure 诚然，固然

5. 不定式的省略：

1）．5看3使2听1感觉

2）

保留to省略其后动词。

be,

have,

have been不省。

If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.

----Hasn’t he finished writing the report?--- No, but he ought to have. 6. 不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。

He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.

7. 介词to : be used to/

be equal to/ be opposed to/

devote oneself to / dedicate oneself to /get down to /lead to/

look forward to /object to /pay attention to/

stick to /be accustomed to / the key to / the approach to / the solution to /contribute to /be reduced to/make contributions to/be committed to/on one’s way to/be addicted to/refer to

1. ----They are quiet, aren’t they?

--Yes. They are accustomed___ at meals.

A. to talk

B. to not talk

C. to talking D. to not talking

2. --- How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

--- The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers.

A. to solving … making B. to solving … made C. to solve … making D. to solve … made

动词的ing 形式

1. 成分

（一）1._____________(expose) sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin. (02上海) 2.______(examine) twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.

3.---What do you think made Mary so upset? ---____ her new bicycle.

A. As she lost

B. Lost

C. Losing

D. Because of losing 4. ______in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.

A. Being injured

B. To be injured

C. Having injured

D. Injured

（二）

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs. The problem is quite puzzling.

（三）In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour.

如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit，deny, mind, permit, forbid, practice, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on,

2

1. She looks forward every spring to _____ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in

D. walking in

2. The discovery of new evidence led to

．

A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught

3. --- There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. --- My goodness! I can’t imagine _________ that old.

A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been

4. ---- Can I smoke here?-- Sorry.

We don’t allow ____ here.

A. people smoking

B. people

smoke

C. to

smoke

D. smoking （四）Is there a swimming pool in your school?

1. The flowers ____sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

A. to smell

B. smelling

C. smelt

D. to be smelt 2. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door______ "Sorry to miss you; will call later."

A. read B. reads C. to read

D.

reading 3. The picture ____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging

C. hangs

D. being hung

（五）

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?

He kept the car waiting at the gate. 1. Don’t leave the water______ while you brush your teeth. A run

B running

C being run

D to run 2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___ in the kitchen.A. smoke

B. smoking

C. to smoke

D. smoked （六）He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. (1). European football is played in 80 countries, __it the most popular sport in the world.

A. making B. makes C. made

D. to make (2) Though___money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C.

lacking

D. lacked in (3) ______in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

A. To wait

B. Have waited

C. Having waited

D. To have waited (4) ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.

A. Not completing

B. Not completed

C. Not having completed

D. Having not completed (5) He expressed his satisfaction with his talks,_______ that he had enjoyed his stay here.

A having added

B to add

C adding

D added

(6)It rained heavily in the south,

serious flooding in several provinces.

A. caused

B. having caused C. causing

D. to cause

2. 作独立成分

generally speaking, judging from..., considering..., talking of..., supposing... Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.

Generally speaking , the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.

过去分词

成分

(一) Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.

1. The Olympic Games,___ in 776 B.C did not include women players until 1912.

A. first played

B. to be first played

C. first playing

D. to be first playing

2. ----Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?

----No problem.

A. seat

B. sit

C. seated

D. sat (二)

The window is broken. They were frightened at the sad sight.

Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.

A. pay

B. paying

C. paid

D. to pay （三）I heard the song sung several times last week.

1 .Having climbed to the top of the mountain, we were able to see many wonderful houses ____ in the thick ____ forest.

A. hidden; growing

B. hiding ; growing

C. hidden; grown

D. hiding; growing

2. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.A. washed B. wash

C. washing

D. to wash

(四)Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.

(1)

_____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing

B.

Having lost

C. Lost D.

3

To lose (2) Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely __ to the outside world.

A. being lost

B. losing

C. having lost D. lost

(3 ) ___ from endless homework on weekends, the students now find their own activities, such as taking together to watch the sunrise. A. Freed

B. Freeing

C. To free

D. Having freed

(4) ___ to train his daughter in English, he put an ad like this in the paper, “ __ ,

an English teacher for a ten-year-old girl. ”A. Determined ; wanted

B. Determined ; wantingC. Determine ; wanted

D. Determining ; wanting

( 5).

_____ of danger in the street at night, she had to go home with a friend ______her.

A. Warned; accompanied B. Having warned; accompanying

C. Warning; accompanying D. Having been warned; accompanying 注意以下几个问题：

1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别forget /remember/mean/ regret/can’t help /try /stop /go on

2．分词做状语与不定式的区别：分词表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；不定式表示目的和结果。

Having

finished the homework , I went home . （

时间）Being a Party member , I should work hard .

（原因）

Given more time ,I can do my work better .

（

条件

）He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the

boy. （

伴随）

To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的

)He is old enough to join the army .

（

结果）

3．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：分词与句子主语的逻辑关系

Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .

Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful .

.

a)._____ from the hill, the park seems more beautiful. b)____ from the hill, you’ll find the park more beautiful. c)___ from the hill, and you’ll find the park more beautiful.

A. See

B. Seen

C. Seeing

D. To see 4.与逻辑主语构成独立主格：

All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.

There being no bus, we had to walk home . His hands tied by the policeman, his face went pale with fear. 有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式

With the lights burning, he fell asleep. With so much work filling my mind, I almost break down.

(1) The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _____ at the end of last March.

A. has been launched

B. having been launched C. being launched

D. to be launched （2）The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly , ____. A.

her long hair was flowing in the breeze

B. her long hairs were flowing in the breeze C.

her long hair flowing in the breeze

D. her long hair flowed in the breeze （3）Everything__ into consideration , they ought to have another chance.

A. to take B. taken C .to be taken

D .taking (4)Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some

a life span of around 20 years.

A.having B had

C. have

D. to have

4