Grammar and usage(1): Unreal conditions and things hoped for or desire优质课教学设计

高中英语虚拟语气知识梳理与练习题

一、虚拟语气概述

【知识梳理】知识点1：语气的定义和种类

（1）语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

（2）语气的种类：

1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

例如：We are not here.

What a delicious cake it is! 2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Close the door, please。

3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

例如: If I were you, I should work hard.

知识点2：虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

（1）条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。

例如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will climb up the hill.

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。

例如: If I had seen her yesterday, I would have told you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:

（2）在条件句中，如果有were, had, should等，则可省略if，但应注意把were,

与现在事实相反

与过去事实相反

从

句

主

句

例句

If he were here, he would help us. 动词的过去式（bewould/should/cou的过去式一般用ld/might+动词原were）

形

had+过去分词

would/should/could/might+have +过去分词

If I had been free,I would have visited you. 与将来事实相反

动词过去式

should+动词原would/should/cou形

ld/might+动词原

were to +动词原形

形

If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. had, should等提到从句主语之前。

If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion.＝Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion.

如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。

（3）当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整，我们称之为错综条件虚拟语气。

If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在做得就会容易些了。

If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他过去不听我的建议，他就不会做得这么好了。

（4）有些虚拟条件句没有从句，虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。常见单词有with,without,but, otherwise,or,but for等等，我们称之为含蓄虚拟语气。

But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件) With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的帮助，我们就可以早些完成任务。(介词短语with your help相当于虚拟条件句) 知识点3：虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法

（1）虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

在"It is important (strange, natural, necessary)that…"这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用

“should+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要、奇怪、自然、必要”等意义。

如: It is necessary that every student (should) work hard. （2）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法

A.在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。

1)表示对现在情况的虚拟，从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。

例如:I wish I could argue with you. 2）表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句动词常用"had十过去分词"。

例如: I wish I hadn't become so conscious of every little change. 3)表示对将来的主观愿望，谓语动词形式为"would十动词原形"。

例如: I wish it would stop raining. B.在suggest, demand, order, propose, insist, command, request, desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。

例如: I request that he should leave. 批注：suggest意为“暗示”，使用真实语气；意为“建议”，使用虚拟语气，结构使用should+动词原形，should可以省。insist意为“坚持认为”，使用真实语气；意为“坚持要求”，使用虚拟语气，结构使用should+动词原形，should可以省。

C. would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型。

一般过去时表示现在或者将来

would rather +that(从句)

过去完成时表示过去的动作

例如:John wants to see me today. I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来) 例如:I would rather you had not done that. 我真希望你没有做那件事。

（3）虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

(1)在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。

例如: Even if he had been ill, he would have worked hard.

(2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或

“had+过去分词”。

例如: Don't treat me as if I were a child.

批注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。

(3)在lest或for fear that引导的目的状语从句中。

例如:

We spoke in whispers for fear that we might wake the baby. 我们轻声说话,以免吵醒婴儿。

(4)辨析if only 和only if的用法。

▲only if 引起的条件状语从句，表示“只有……(才) ；只有在……的时候；唯一的条件是……”

的意思；与if引起的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强语气的作用，主句需倒装。

例如：

Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night. 只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。

▲if only引导的条件句，通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望，相当于as long as，

常用虚拟语气。

例如：If only I were as clever as you！要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊！

知识点4：虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法

在"It is time (that) ......."句型中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是“该干某事的时候了”。

例如: It’s (high) time we did housework.

二．选择题

1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired

A. drove; didn’t get

B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got 4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will c5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____ A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him

A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is 8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today ---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than today A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told 9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible ---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework A. was B. were C. had been D. would be

10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in

11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily A. Had it not been for

B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for 12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going A. had been, would have prevented

B. had been, would prevent C. were, prevent

D. were, would have prevented

13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam A. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work 14. ____today, he would get there by Friday A. Were he to leaveB. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left 15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now A. are B. were C. would be

D. would have been 16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come 17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment. A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped

C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped 18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadn’t been, could climb

19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 20. ---I am going to tell her the news ---I would as soon you _____her about it

A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell C. hadn’t tell D. won’t tell 21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed

D. stay

22. It was requested that the play ____again A. should put on

B. would put on C. be put on D. put on 23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for

D. was sent 24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness ----Yes, but ____it A. I’d rather not do B. I’d rather not have done

C. I should’

t do D. I’d better not do 25. If only I ___my car A. hadn’t lost

B. wouldn’t lose

C. didn’t lose

D. haven’t lost 26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth A. is B. would C. were D. wouldn’t be 27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time being A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t 28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son A. is B. were C. had been D. should be 29. How the old people wish that they ____young once more A. were B. could become C. had been D. should be 30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem A. hold B. held C. have held

D. had held 31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dying A. even if , was B. though, would be

C. even, had been

D. as if, were 32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert A. had not B. did not have had C. hadn’t had

D. hadn’t have 33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question again A. will discuss B. to discuss

C. should discuss D. will be discussed 34. He requested that the students ____them get in crops A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping 35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rules A. obeys B. Obey C. will obey D. would obey 36. I wish I ____here then A. was

B. had been C. were D. would be 37. It is strange that he ____back so early A. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come 38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TV A. did

B. do C. shall do D. have done 39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest Sunday A. be put B. put

C. should put

D. had been put 40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there A. had been B. has been C. was

D. been 41. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven

A. must finish finished B. would be finished

C. be finished D. must be 42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to……

----Don’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and ____ you forget it! A. do B. didn’t C. did

D. don’t 43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morning A. would, have washed B. could, have been washing C. would have, have been washing D. could have, had washing 44. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse A. had tried B. hadn’t tried C. have tried D. didn’t try 45. ----How could I thank you enough?

----Don’t mention it. Any other man ____it A. must do B. could do C. would have done

D. should have done 46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continue A. be, be delayed B. is, delay

C. should be, be delayed D. is , be delayed 47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deaths A. it would have been B. it would be C. there would be D. there would have been 48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes. A. requested, deliver B. demand, be delivered C. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered 49. If law-breakers _____ the society will be in disorder A. made unpunished B. came unpunished

C. went unpunished

D. not punished 50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we ____late A. would be B. were C. will be D. would have been 51. Supposing he never ____, what would happen then A. come B. came C. would come D. will come 52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meeting A. had put on B. should put on C. have put on D. will put on 53. I hope that you ____ right A. will be B. should be C. were D. would be 54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I ___of service to you A. am B. have been C. should be D. would be 55. He insisted that we ____early the next morning A. start B. started C. would start D. had started 56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother A. has come B. did come C. had come D. came 57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema instead A. must have studied B. might study C. would study D. would have studied 58. If it _____the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last week A. were not, could have climbed

B. were not, could climb

C. had not been , could have climbed D. had not been, could climb

答案

1-5C B D B C

6-10C C B A A

11-15D A B A C

16-20D B C D A 21-25D C C B A

26-30C B B A B

31-35D C C A B

36-40B D B A A 41-45C D C B C

46-50D D B C D

51-55B B A A A

56-58C D C