Grammar and usage(1): Unreal conditions教案推荐

虚拟语气

广陵区红桥高级中学

王秀梅

一、状语从句中的虚拟语气

(一) if 引导的条件状语从句

(非真实条件) 条件

与现在事实相反

与过去事实相反

与将来事实可能相反

从句谓语

过去时(be多用were) had done 一般过去时(be多用were)或should＋动词原形或were to do 主句谓语

would/should/could/might＋

动词原形

would/should/could/might＋have done would/should/could/might＋

动词原形

If I _________ you, I should accept the invitation.

如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。

If I _______ time, I ________go there.

如果我有空，我就去那儿。

If you______ earlier, you ________________________________ the bus. 如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。

If he _________________ you yesterday, he ____________________________ your book. 如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。

If it ____________/____________/____________tomorrow, the sports meet _________________ 万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。(事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。) If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass, it would break. 万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。

(二)目的状语从句

1．so that/ in order that ＋从句(从句用can/could/ may/ might ＋

动词原形)

We got up early in order that we __________catch the first bus. 2．for fear that/in case that＋

从句(从句用should＋动词原形)以防万一发生……

We got up early for fear that we ___________miss the first bus. 3．lest ＋从句(从句用should＋

动词原形)以防万一发生……

We got up early lest that we ___________miss the first bus. (三)方式状语从句

as if/though ＋

从句(从句的虚拟语气与wish 后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似) She speaks English as though she _________a native of New York. 【注意】

as if/though引导的从句也可用陈述语气。

It looks as if it is going to rain. 二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气

1. 名词性从句中，表示“建议，命令，要求”等意义时，名词性从句用(should)＋

动词原形。

①建议— advise, suggest, propose, recommend

(advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation为名词) ②命令— order，command ③要求— request, require, demand, ask, insist (坚持要求) (request, requirement,

demand为名词) The doctor suggests I _________________( exercise ) every day. (_________从句) It is suggested that I __________________( exercise ) every day. (__________从句) The doctor's suggestion is that I __________________ ( exercise ) every day. (__________从句) The doctor's suggestion that I ____________________( exercise ) every day sounds reasonable.

(________从句) 【疑难点击】

1. suggest 意为“表明，暗示”时，不用虚拟语气。

insist 意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，不用虚拟语气。

His face suggested that he _________(be)very sad. The man insisted my little brother _________(be) a thief. 【疑难点击】

2. I wish (that )＋宾语从句

(从句必须使用虚拟语气)。

①表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时。

I wish I were you. How he wishes that he were a bird. ②表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时。

I wish I _________________ the film last night. We wish that ______________________ the Great Wall last year. ③表示愿望实现的可能性很小，从句常用could/might/would ＋动词原形。

We wish we would live on the moon one day. 【疑难点击】

3. would rather/prefer ＋

that－从句(从句用虚拟语气)。

①表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时。

I would rather you _________(be)not here with me now. ②表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时。

I would rather you_____________( not do)that. 【疑难点击】

4. 名词性从句表示说话人“强烈”的感情色彩，此时，从句用should ＋动词原形/should ＋

have done (表示动作在过去已经发生)，should 可译为“应该；居然，竟然”。should 可以省略。

常见的句型如下：

①It is important/necessary/ strange/ surprising/ funny/ natural ＋

that－从句

It is important that we_______________(have) a good knowledge of computer science. 我们应该掌握电脑知识，这是很重要的。

【疑难点击】

②It is a pity / a shame/ an honour/ no wonder that－从句

It is a pity that you _________________(be absent)from the meeting. ③主语

＋

be ＋

sorry/ disappointed/ surprised ＋

that－从句

We are surprised that he___________(be) a doctor. 三、定语从句中的虚拟语气

It's (about/high)time that－从句

(从句用虚拟语气，谓语用did/ should do, should 不能省略)某人该做某事了。

It's time that we ________(go) home.

It's time that we ________(go) home. ＝It's time for us to go home. 注意对比：It/This is the first/second/…time that＋主语＋has/have done…(这是某人第几次做了某事) 这是我第二次来北京游玩。

___________________________________________________________. 四、含蓄虚拟语气

1. if only 要是……就好了＝

I wish…(与wish后面的虚拟语气类似) If only you hadn't told him the news. 2. without/ but for 如果没有……

Human beings would die without water. I ________________________(不可能成功)but for your help. 3. otherwise/or 否则，不然的话

I had no money then. Otherwise I_________________（会买）that book. 4．含虚拟语气的句子，but＋真实情况

Mary would tell us something about London, but she _____________________（不是来自伦敦）. 【疑难点击】

1. 含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，把had，should，were 提前放到句首，变为半倒装。如：

_______ they had time(＝If they had had time), they would have certainly come to help us. _______ it be fine(＝If it should be fine), we would go for an outing. ______I you(＝If I were you), I would go. 【疑难点击】

2. 几种特殊用法

was/were supposed to have done 理应做……

was/were to have done 本计划做……

had thought/believed…，

but…本以为……

had wished/hoped…，

but…本希望……

had planned/intended…，

but…本计划……，本打算……

五：对过去所发生的事情的推测，用“情态动词＋完成式”结构，不同用法如下：

(1) must have done 一定做过某事。

There's no light in the room. They must ________________(go)to bed. (2) cannot have done 表示对过去所发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定。

(3) could have done 本来可以做而实际上未做。

You ______________ (do) the work better. 你本来可以把工作做得更好一些的。

(4) may/might have done 也许/或许已经…… ；本来可能……(但实际上没有发生)；本来应该或可以做某事(含有轻微的责备语气)。

He may not have finished the work.

他____________完成这项工作。

He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy. 他____________给你更多的帮助，尽管他很忙。

(5) should / ought to have done 本来应该做而实际上未做。

You _______________________(do) the exercise more carefully. 你本应该更加仔细地做这个练习。

You should have been here five minutes ago. 你_____________5分钟以前到这儿。

(6) ought not to have done/shouldn't have done/needn't have done 本来不应该做而实际上做了

We shouldn't have waited for her because she never came. 我们_____________________，因为她从未来过。

You ____________________(come) over yourself. You could have given me a ring instead. 你本来不必亲自来，只要给我通个电话就行了。

【疑难点击】

1. 当must作“必须”意义时，其反意部分用needn‘t; 当含有mustn’t时，其反意部分用must/may；

You must go now, ________you?

You mustn't smoke here, _____you? 2. 当情态动词表推测时，反意部分的动词形式根据情态动词后面所隐含的时间来确定。

You must be hungry now, _____________________?

You must have heard about it,________________________? You must have watched that football match last night, ____________________?

堂清练习

Exercise:虚拟语气（考点突破）

(

) 1. Many women ______ a good salary, but they chose to stay at home for the family. A. must make

B. must have made C. should make

D. could have made (

) 2. You have a big mouth, Tom. You ______ have told everybody the secret.

A. can't

B. mustn't

C. shouldn't

D. mightn't

(

) 3. He ______ have come here yesterday, ______ he？

A. mustn't; did

B. couldn't; has

C. must; haven't

D. must; didn't

(

) 4. It is high time that the child ______ to the hospital. A. is sent

B. would be sent

C. be sent

D. were sent

(

)5.

—I wonder why Sara looks worried today. — I'm not sure，but she

______ a small accident driving here.

A. could have

B. might have

C. might have had

D. must have had (

) 6 — I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month. — Don't worry.You ______ have it by Friday.

A. shall

B. could

C. must

D. may

(

)7. She insisted that she ______ not guilty, but we insisted that she ______ into prison.A. was; be put

B. be; was put

C. should be; was put

D. was;

should put

(

)8. It was strange that he _____ have uttered such rude remarks on that occasion. (2011·浙) A. must

B. could

C. should

D. would

(

)9. — Can I pay the bill by check? — Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment ______ be made in cash.

A. shall

B. need

C. will

D. can

(

)10. ______ we would not have achieved so much. (2010·江苏盐城市八中高三模拟) A. If they didn't help us

B. If it hadn't been their help

C. Weren't it for their help

D. Had it not been for their help

(

)11. Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night ______ very cold, too cold for us to live.

A. will be

B. would have been

C. Is

D. would be

(

)12. ______ it rain tomorrow, we would have to ______ the picnic. (2010·江苏东台市) A. Would; put forward

B. Should; call off

C. Will; give up

D. Should; put up

(

)13. Class regulations require ______ is the last to leave the classroom ______ off all the lights. A. who; should turn B. whom; shall turn

C. whomever; turns

D. whoever; turn (

)14. — Are you satisfied with my work? — Not a bit. ______.(2010·江苏宜兴市高三模拟) A. It could be so good

B. It can be very good C. It could have been much better

D. It could have been even good

(

)15. — There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.

— It ______ a comfortable journey.

A. can't be

B. shouldn't be

C. mustn't have been

D. couldn't have been

(

)16. — I stayed at a hotel while in New York.

— Oh, did you? You ______ with Barbara.

A. could have stayed

B. could stay

C. would stay

D. must have stayed

(

)17. — Why aren't they here yet?

— They ______ the bus.

A. can have missed

B. must be late for

C. may have missed

D. might be late for

(

)18. — Where ______ Margaret have put the empty bottles?

— She ______ them away. They must be somewhere.

A. can; can't have thrown

B. must; needn't

C. must; must have thrown

D. can; must throw

(

)19. I'd rather you did some housework when you are free, but you ______.

A. didn't

B. shouldn't

C. weren't

D. don't (

)20. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love, at the age of seven, with the library in my hometown.

A.

wouldn't have fallen

B. should not fall

C. had not fallen

D. were not to fall

Keys: Were

had

would

had

wouldn’t have missed

had seen

would have returned

rained

Were to rain

should rain

would be put off Could

should

should

were

should exercise 宾语从句

should exercise主语

Should exercise表语

should exercise同位语

was was

had seen

we had visited

Were

hadn’t done

should have

should be absent

should be

went

should go This is the second time that i have visited BeiJing Wouldn’t be successful Would have bought

wasn,t from london

didn’t come from London Had

should

were

have gone

could have done

或许还未能

或许可以

Should have done

本应该

本不该等他

needn’t have come

Needn’t you

must/may

aren’t you

haven’t you/didn’t you

didn;t you

DCDDC AACAD DBDCD

ACADC