Grammar课时教学实录

The Third Period

Grammar Teaching goals教学目标

1. Target language语言目标

a. 重点词汇和短语

at the same time, refer to, with a wicked smile on her face 2. Ability goals能力目标

Enable the students to understand and learn to use adverbial clauses with -ing. 3. Learning ability goals

学习能力目标

Help the student learn how to use adverbial clauses with -ing. Teaching important & difficult points

教学重难点

Learn to use adverbial clauses with -ing. Teaching methods

教学方法

Analyzing grammar ;Question and answer; translation. Teaching aids

教具准备

A projector and some slides.

Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式

Step I Revision and Lead-in

Ask the students to read the story “The Cat That Vanished”

again and find out the sentences with -ing.

Sample sentences:

1. Will was so tired that he could not think clearly, but as he stood trying to decide what to do, he saw a cat.

2. Putting down his shopping bag, Will held out his hand, and the cat came up to him. 3. Still watching, Will saw the cat behave strangely. 4. When it had gone past he crossed the road, keeping his eyes on the place where the cat had vanished. 5. Pushing his shopping bag through, he climbed through the hole in the walls of this world and into another. 6. Bending to look through, he saw the road in his own town, his own world.

7. Feeling that he was dreaming but awake at the same time, he stood up and looked around for the cat, his guide.

Then ask the students to read aloud the sentences.

Step Ⅱ

Grammar Task 1: Grammar focus

T: From the sentences above,what can we see? T: there is a comma in each sentence. And the two parts of each sentence refer to the same person. Now let’s find something more about -ing in the sentences. First, which sentences describe two things that happen at the same time? And which sentences describe one thing happening immediately after another?

Sa: Two things that happen at the same time: Sentences 1, 3, 4, 7. Sb: One thing happening immediately after another: Sentences 2, 5, 6.

Then ask the students to do Activity 2 on page 73 and then check the answers.

T: After the above exercises, we can conclude that -ing can sometimes be used to describe two things that happen at the same time, and sometimes describe one thing happening immediately after another. The two parts of each sentence refer to the same person. Besides, we can also put prepositions / conjunctions before -ing to form a phrase, such as while，when, once, although, until, if etc. And the phrase can be changed into an adverbial clause. For example, On seeing her, the king falls in love with her. can also be changed into: When the king sees her, he immediately falls in love with her.

T: The adverbial clauses with -ing can be used to indicate time, cause, condition, result, etc. These sentences can be changed into subordinate clauses or juxtapositional sentences. Now let’s do the following exercises.

Show the following.

把下列句子变成复合句或并列句。

1. Walking along the street, he met his old friend.

2. Not having received his reply, she decided to write a second letter. 3. Seeing from the top of the hill, you will find the city more beautiful. 4. All the students sat in the classroom, waiting for their new English teacher.

5. My parents went to the park yesterday, leaving me alone at home.

Sample answers: 1. When he was walking along the street, he met his old friend. 2. Because she hadn’t received his reply, she decided to write a second letter. 3. If you see it from the top of the hill, you will find the city more beautiful. 4. All the students sat in the classroom, and they were waiting for their new English teacher. 5. My parents went to the park yesterday, and they left me alone at home. Task 2:analyzing present participle and gerund in simple way: 现在分词

现在分词也是动词非谓语形式之一。表示动作正在进行或者进行的过程。

形式：

主动

被动

一般形式

doing

being done 完成形式

having done

having been done

性质：

形容词性

副词性

表语

定语

宾补

状语

有什么样的性质，决定了他起什么样的作用；由上可知，现在分词可以做表语、定语、宾补和状语。

注意现在分词不能混同于动名词。动名词是因为句子结构的需要才把动词变为名词，词性为名词，当名词用。如

He

likes

reading。

主语谓语

宾语

（reading即为动名词，当一个名词使用。）

由于read是动词，不能作宾语，所以把read变为名词reading，就可以作宾语了。

而现在分词是描述动作正在进行或过程。

a swimming boy （一个正在游泳的男孩，swimming为现在分词，表示正在游泳。）

a swimming pool（一个游泳池，swimming为动名词，表示用途或性质）

现在来分别讨论现在分词的使用情况。

1.作定语

a sleeping boy

a boy（who is sleeping）

a boy sleeping on the desk

a boy（who is sleeping on the desk）

注意：这里的现在分词作定语，也可以转换为定语从句。

现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作定语，要注意它们时间意义上区别。

a

falling

apple（正在下落的苹果，正在进行）

a

fallen

apple（已经掉下的苹果，已经落下了）

an apple

to

fall（要掉了的苹果，快要落下）

这里的名词和非谓语动词是主动关系。下面讨论一下被动关系、时间关系：

being built now

(a)

The house

built last year

is a shop

(b) to be built next year

（c）

句（a）是现在分词作定语（被动动作、正在进行）

句（b）是过去分词作定语（被动动作、已发生）

句（c）是不定式作定语（被动动作、还未发生）

2.做宾补

现在分词、不定式、过去分词做宾补的情况我们已经有所接触：

I heard her sing an English song.（不定式强调“她曾经唱过英语歌”这回事”。

I heard her singing an English song next door.（现在分词强调“她正在隔壁唱英语歌”。

They had their houses built of wood.（过去分词强调被动意义“房屋被修建”）。

3.作状语

She stood there，【crying.】

（主动关系，动作正在进行）

伴随状语

【being

ill，】he didn’t go to school.（主动关系，动作正在进行）

原因状语

【Having finished their work】，they went out for a rest. （主动关系，动作已经完成）

【Having been shown around the school】，we were led to the library. 时间状语

（现在分词完成被动形式作状语，只能用来强调分词动作发生在谓语动作之前，且和句子主语是被动关系。）

4.作表语

The book is interesting.（作表语，已经失去动作意义，只是当做一个形容词使用）

有很多这样的形容词都是由描述心理活动的动词变化而来：exciting、pleasing、surprising、frightening、puzzling等等。

Task3:Practice

1. Reading

First ask the students to read aloud the following example sentences and tell which sentences describe two things that happen at the same time (1) and which sentences describe one thing happening immediately after another (2).

Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. (2) Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. (1) The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. (1) When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. (1) While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work. (1) Standing on top of the hill, you can see as far as the seaside. (1)

The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bones. (2) Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play football. (2) Being noticed by so many people, she felt nervous, not knowing what to say. (1) Not having been washed in the correct way, the coat has faded. (2) Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal. (2) When doing your homework, you mustn’t listen to the music. (1) Though having been warned many times, she got to school late again. (2) European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. (1) Task 4 summarizing

The relation with the infinitive and past participle,especially in usage

2. Activities

Ask the students to do Activities 1-5 on page 14 and Activities 1-4 on pages 16-17. Check the answers with the students.

Step Ⅲ

Homework

1. Preview the new words in LISTENING AND VOCABULARY. 2. Read a fantasy novel and write a short description of it.