Grammar and usage(2): Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed(I)课堂实录【3】

Step1. Learning guidance: 

Learning aims: 不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较

Module 6 Unit 2

Grammar & Usage

Step2. Self- study assessment: (见课件)

Step3. Explaining & Learning：

1．Review the usage of the infinitive, verb- ing and verb-ed used as adverbials under the

teacher’s guidance. 2．Try to use the three non-finite verbs correctly in the exercises. 

Self- study outline：

1. Learn the contents on the Ss’ book Page24 by themselves and list some important points.

2. Finish the task in ten minutes by yourselves.

一、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语:

1．目的状语：to do,

in order to do,

so as to do

1)

To do first aid correctly, you have to study with a teacher. 2)

In order not to waste electricity, we turned the light off. 3)

Check your composition carefully so as to avoid mistakes.

[即学即练] 1)

— Did the book give the information you needed?

—Yes. But ____ it, I had to read the entire book.

A. to find

B. find

C. to be finding

D. finding

2)

______ this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.

A. Having made

B. Make

C. To make

D. Making 3）All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Christmas.

A. in order to have received

B. in order to receive

C. so as to be received

D. so as to be receiving

2．原因状语：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed. 不定式不放在句首。

1）I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.

2）I feel greatly honored ____ into their society.

A. to welcome

B. welcoming

C. to be welcomed

D. welcomed

3．结果状语：常用

only to do... 来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。

1）They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet._______________________________

2）He worked hard only to fail. _________________________________________________

3) He hurried to the booking office only ________ that all the tickets had been sold out.

A. to tell

B. to be told

C. telling

D. told

4) 他匆匆忙忙的跑到车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。

________________________________________________________________________ 

注意：不定式作结果状语的固定搭配：

① Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time? ②

I’m not such a fool as to believe that. ③ The boy is old enough to go to school. ④ His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 

too…to…句型并非都表示否定含义:

1) 当句型中的形容词是表示“难”

“易”或表示某种心情的形容词，如ready, easy, glad,

1

pleased等时，too作“十分，极其”解，表示肯定的意义。

She is too ready to help others. ______________________________________________

His mother is too easy to get angry.

_________________________________________

2) too…not to…句型表示肯定含义，意义为“太…不会不…”。

He is too kind not to help you.

_____________________________________________

二、现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语，但不做目的状语。（表示时间、条件或让步的分词，有时可带上连词if, unless, when, while, once（一旦）

though, although等。）

I. 现在分词作状语：

1.作时间状语：(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

2.作原因状语：Being a League member, he is always helping others. 3.作方式状语：Americans like travelling, driving their cars. 4.作伴随状语：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.

5.作条件状语：（If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 6.作结果状语：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.

7.作让步状语：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

II. 过去分词做状语：

1. 表时间：

Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.

Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 2. 表原因：

Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.

Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.

3. 表条件：

Given another chance, he will do better. Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English. 4. 表让步:

Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.

5. 表方式或伴随情况：

The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 

形容化的分词（短语）作状语：

英语中有些形容词化的过去分词（短语），常省略be动词，在句中作状语。常见的有：

be lost in, be devoted to, be determined to do, be faced with, be located in, be dressed in, be tired of等等。

1) _________ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed

B. To dress

C. Dressing

D. Having dressed

2) _________ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

A. Surprising

B. Surprised

C. Being surprised

D. To be surprising

3) _________ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.

A. Faced

B. Face

C. Facing

D. To face



总结：

1. 分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语____________。

2. 如果分词与句子的主语是主动关系，用_________表示与谓语动词同时发生或进行的动

作，用______________表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作。

3.

如果分词与句子的主语是_________关系，则用done强调在谓语动词之前发生的动作，

也可用____________________.

2

三、“with（without）+宾语+ 宾语补足语”的结构，可以作状语。

With two exams to worry about, I have to work hard this weekend. With so much work filling my mind, I almost break down. All the afternoon, he worked with the door locked.

【考例】

1) With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A. settled

B. settling

C. to settle

D. being settled

2) With a lot of difficult problems ________, they decided to take a few days off.

A. settling

B. to settle

C. being settled

D. settled

3）I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _________.

A. going on

B. does on

C. went on

D. to go on

4）With all the things he __________, he went home at once.

A. needed buy

B. needed bought

C. needed buying

D. need buy

四、独立主格结构：

当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词前必须加上自己的主语，此结构被称为

独立主格结构。

Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.

She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind. 【考例】

1)

All the tickets ________________ (sell out), they went away disappointedly.

2)

Time ______________ (permit), we'll do another two exercises.

3)

There ________________ (be) no bus, we had to walk home. 4)

His hands ______________ (tie) by the policeman, his face went pale with fear. 5)

All things _______, I think we ought to give the job to George.

A. considered

B. considering

C. to consider

D. being considered 6)

The river _______ in the night, the crossing was impossible.

A. to rise

B. rose

C. having risen

D. being risen 7)

More time _______, we should have done the job much better.

A. to give

B. give

C. being given

D. given 8)

The monitor _______ ill, we’ d better put the meeting off.

A. being

B. to be

C. been

D. to have been 9)

An important lecture ____ given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night.

A. to be

B. being

C. been

D. to have been 10)

He was lying on the grass, his hands _______ under his head.

A. to cross

B. crossed

C. crossing

D. to be crossing

五、固定结构：

To tell you the truth / To be frank, I don't like the way he talked.

Judging from (by) his appearance, he must be an actor. ①

to tell you the truth

⑩

to conclude / to be sure 诚然，固然

②

to be frank 11

frankly/strictly/roughly/exactly/generally ③

to be honest speaking,

④

to begin / start with 12

judging from...

⑤

to be brief 简言之

13

considering...

⑥

to make a long story short 长话短说

14

talking / speaking of...

⑦

to be exact 精确地说

15

supposing / providing /seeing that

⑧

to make matters worse 16

allowing for把…考虑到内

⑨

to say nothing of 姑且不说

17

given / provided that

3

巩固练习

一、单项选择：

1. ______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.

A. To walk.

B. Walking

C. Walked

D. Having walked

2. ______ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in

the car.

A. Waiting

B. To wait

C. Having Waited

D. To have waited

3. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.

A. Completing

B. Complete

C. Completed

D. To complete

4. He was busy writing a story, only ______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.

A. to stop

B. stopping

C. to have stopped

D. having stopped

5. _________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008

Olympic Games.

A. Having shown

B. To be shown

C. Having been shown

D. To show

6. We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment.

A. wait

B. to be waiting

C. waited

D. waiting

7. ______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. A. Not realized

B. Not to realize

C. Not realizing

D. Not to have realized

8. —

What do you think of last night’s lecture?

—

_____ speaking, I thought it was rather boring.

A. Real

B. General

C. Fair

D. Honestly

9. _____ that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest

mountain.

A. Having told B. Tell

C. Having been told

D. Telling

10. _____ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.

A. Tasted

B.Tasting

C. Being tasted

D. To taste

11. Don’t sit there _______ nothing. Come and help me with this table.

A. do

B. to do

C. doing

D. and doing

12. When ____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing

the many similarities.

A. compared

B. being compared

C. comparing

D. having compared

13. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ______ them.

A. to follow

B. following

C. followed

D. follows

14. ________ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.

A. Being bitten

B. Bitten

C. Having bitten

D. To be bitten

15. A letter _______, he hurried to the shop for some shopping. A.

posting

B. having posted

C. posted

D. had been posted

二、句型转换: 1. As his mother was ill, he had to stay home to look after her.

= His mother __________________, he had to stay home to look after her. 2. All his savings used up, he started looking for jobs.

= As _____________________________, he started looking for jobs. 3. Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.

= If ___________________, we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 4. There being no bus, we had to take a taxi.

= As ____________________________, we had to take a taxi. 5. He lay in bed, reading a book.

= ___________________, he read a book. 6. As he had finished his work, Tom went home. = ______________________, Tom went home. 7. As he had been praised too much, he became proud.

= ______________________________________, he became proud. 8. Not having found the wallet, he still had some money with him.

= Although _________________________________, he still had some money with him.

4