Grammar新颖的课程导入教案

普高新标准英语第六册

Module 2 Fantasy Literature GRAMMAR:

Adverbial clauses with -ing (1)

教学设计

教学目标

·能理解现在分词作伴随状语的概念、结构及用法。

·会运用现在分词作伴随状语写句子。

学情分析

·学生基本理解现在分词和伴随状语这两个概念。

·学生已学过现在分词作定语与宾语补足语，但部分学生尚不能辨别现在

分词作状语、定语或宾语补足语的用法。

·仍有部分学生未理解句子成分这一相关的基础知识。

·有学生可能会提出现在分词是否可作其它类型的状语的疑问。

·部分学生还不能辨析现在分词和动名词、现在分词和过去分词的异同。

·有学生可能会提出不定式、动名词和分词在用法上的异同还有困难。

·有学生仍不理解现在分词作谓语动词和非谓语动词的差别。

教学重点

·让学生观察同一句话的不同表达方式，并最终理解现在分词是怎样用来修

饰另一个句子成分的。

·让学生精细体念现在分词作状语时所指与简洁的表达之美。

·让学生尝试使用现在分词作伴随状语，并逐渐习惯在书面表达中灵活运用。

教学难点

·让学生理解修饰与被修饰的关系。

·让学生理解简单的口语化的表达方式转变到较复杂的书面化的表达方式

的过程：从并列句到分词作状语的转化方式。

·辨析现在分词作状语、定语与宾语补足语的用法。

·辨析现在分词和动名词。

·理解不定式、动名词和分词在用法上的异同。

教学活动

导入 >>>

Here’s a sentence. Let’s read it first.

Will put down his shopping bag and held out his hand.

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Will did two things one after another. He put down his shopping bag, and immediately he held out his hand. Now compare this sentence with the following one. Putting down his shopping bag, Will held out his hand. Who put down his shopping bag? Will did. And what did he do then? He held out his hand.

讲授 >>> The participle phrase (or adverbial clause) is in bold, the participle is underlined, the noun which the participle describes is red. Let’s see one more sentence. Will still watched and saw the cat behave curiously. Two things happened at the same time. Will watched. And he saw the cat behave curiously.

Also, we can say:

Will, still watching, saw the cat behave curiously. In these two setences above, each has an adverbial clause with a present particple. The particple is beside the subjecct of the setence, and it and another verb in the sentence are used to talk about the same person.

活动 >>> Read sentences 1-2, compare them with the rewritten sentences (a)-(b). 1 He crossed the road, keeping his eyes on the spot where the cat had been investigating. 2 He pushed his shopping bag through, and then scrambled through himself.

(a) He kept his cyes on the spot where the cat had been investigating. (b) Pushing his shopping bag through, he scrambled through him d crossed the road.

Now answer the questions about the sentences. 1 Underline the words that use the -ing form of the verb. How is the -ing form of the verb used? 2 Which sentences describe two things that happen at the same time? 3 Which sentences describe one thing happening immediately after another? 4 Look at sentence (b). Do the two parts of the sentence refer to the same person?

练习 >>> Rewrite the sentences using the -ing form of the underlined verbs. Eample The cat stepped forward and climbed through the patch in the air.

Stepping forward, the cat climbed through the patch in the air.

1 The witch leapt into the air and vanished. 2 The man shouted angrily and waved his sword at the stranger. 3 She picked up the cat and rubbed its head affectionately. 4 The bear came out of the bushes, showed its teeth and made a loud noise.

Complete the passage. Last weekend I walked into our local bookshop, (1) ______ to find a copy of Philip Pullman’s His Dark

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Materials. All my friends (2) ______ read it and I wanted to know (3)______ people liked it so much. I bought all three books and hurried out of the shop, pleased that I found it (4)______ easily. (5)______ a No. 88 bus coming along the road, I decided to take it, (6)______ it was a quite a long walk home.

(7)______ on the bus, I was surprised to see an old friend of (8)______. we started talking and I (9)______ realised that we had arrived at my stop. (10)______ up, I cried, "Please wait! This is my stop!" I (11)______ off the bus in time and smiled happily. Then, suddenly (12)______ I had left my books behind on the bus, I (13)______ , "Stop, please!" But it was (14)______ late. The bus had gone away, (15)______ my books with it.

拓延 >>> If time permits, we are going to distinguish the following special difficulties:

The present continuous Present participles can be used as adverbial or used to form verb tenses. For example: The verb: to laugh The present participle: laughing The present participle used as an adjective (before a noun): The laughing boy The present participle used to form a verb tense: The boy was laughing. Participle phrases used as adjective phrases It is really common to see present participles in participle phrases. A participle phrase also acts like an adjective. In the examples below, the participle phrases are shaded and the present participles are in bold: My mother is next to the lady wearing the red hat. (The participle phrase wearing the red hat describes the lady.)

Present participle phrases used as an adverbial phrases In linguistics, an adverbial phrase ("AdvP") is a multi-wordexpression operating adverbially: its syntactic function is to modify other expressions,including verbs, adjectives, adverbs, adverbials, and sentences. In the sentence 'Arriving at the store, I found that it was closed.’, ‘arriving at the store’ is used as an adverbial phrase.

Present participles used as objetct complements

In the sentence 'I heard him singing.’, singing is used as an object complement.

Present participle phrases used as other types of adverbial

While I was sitting by a pool, I saw a frog. ( = While sitting by a pool, I saw ...) (Time) Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school. (= Being ill, he didn’t go ...) (Reason) Present participle phrases used asadverbials of time will be learned afterwards.

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