Reading and speaking教案板书设计

四川省犍为县孝姑中学备课卡

科目

基础知识

能力培养

重点难点

教法设计

英语

年级

高20届6班

To train students’reading ability.

To try to improve students’ reading ability.

How to analyze the word meaning in the passage.

reading, analysis, individual work, group work 教者

黄娟梅

教学过程

Step 1 Greetings Greet Ss as usual. Step 2 Lead-in If you come across new words when reading, what will you do? Let students have a discussion. Then I point out that guessing the meaning is the best way to deal with it. Step3 Introduction 词义猜测题是历年高考英语阅读理解的必考题型,在试卷中占两分或四分的比重。词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力，以及it等代词指代的内容。

Step 4 Basic skills 做词义猜测题时，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。考生可以运用以下八种方法来应对此类题型, 尽量减少失分。

1. 定义法

Eg.It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆,易碎的”的意思。

Eg.（2014福建卷，E篇）73. The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to “_______”.

A. freezing points

B. burning points

C. melting points

D. boiling points 【解析】C。请看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting（融化）of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. 根据后一句的such as the meltingof the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.可知tipping points的意思是“融点”。

2. 对比法

表示对比的词有but, however, while, otherwise等。

Eg. Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.

意为“disagreed”

Eg.（2014陕西卷，C篇）50. The phrase “hold water” in the last paragraph most probably means“_______”.

A. to be believable

B. to be valuable

C. to be admirable

D. to be suitable

【解析】A。请看文章原句：Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’tales文章中本句意思是：即使科学能告诉我们一些传统的想法是经不起检验的，但“老人言”中还有很多正确的东西。根据前后转折的意思可知，hold water在此处意思是：经得起检验的，值得相信的。

3. 相似法

Eg. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.

句中detrimental是个生词，但判断出harmful替代detrimental后，不难推断出其词义为“不利的，有害的”。

4. 因果法

Eg. The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测

permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久的”。

Eg. (2014安徽卷，B篇)

60. The words “boats on land” underlined in Paragraph 2 refer to __ A. animals for taking goods

B. creatures for pulling plows C. treasures of the folk culture

D. tools in the farming economy 【解析】A。请看原文：Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as “boats on land” for their ability to carry loads.由划线词后原因的解释for their ability to carry loads可以很轻松的得到结果：牛被看做“陆地之舟”，是一种运输货物的动物。

5. 例举法

Eg. Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 由后文的洗衣机，冰箱和彩电，可推测applicances指的是家电。

Eg. But, on the other hand, we have such compound words as handshake and handbag. 由后文例举的handshake 和handbag可推知compound words为“合成词”。

6. 构词法

根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等

Eg. I’m going to buy a microbus.

Micro+bus指微型公共汽车。

Eg.（2014全国卷I，B篇）62. The underlined word “fixture” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something ______. A. that people enjoy eating

B. that is always present C. that is difficult to get

D. that people use as a gift 【解析】B。请看文章原句：The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.从文章意思可知，这种新型菠萝很畅销，当然成为了健康饮食人士购物筐中的常客。另外根据构词知识可知，该词的词根是fix，含有“固定”之意。

7. 上下文

Eg.(2014 浙江卷，A篇) 42. What does the underlined phrase “her gift” (Paragraph 2) refer to?

A. Her words.

B. Her smile.

C. Her flowers.

D. Her politeness.

【解析】B。请看原文：She smiled. It was a nice smile — warm and reassuring—and I retuned her gift by smiling back. 从前句话中可以知道her gift 指的是“smile”。

8. 普通常识

Eg.It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world.

说明：根据常识，Bill Gates 为世界首富，所以

affluent 可能是“富有的”。

教学反思