Grammar教学设计第二课时

Module 4 Music Born in America Grammar (1), Grammar (2)

Teaching Goals:

1. To learn the grammar –

adverbial clauses of time and ellipses. 2. To enable Ss to use adverbial clauses of time freely. 3. To enable Ss to use adverbial clauses of time and ellipses in right situations. Teaching Procedures:

Step 1. Revision

Check the answers of Vocabulary Activities in the Workbook on pages 110~111. Step 2. Grammar (1)

1.

Ask Ss to take a look at the sentence in Activity 1 and choose the best answer. Ask them to think What kind of sentence does it belong to. 2. Ask Ss to finish Activity 3 on page 48. 3. Give Ss some explanation of adverbial clauses of time. (1) 时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导：after, before, as, once, till, until, (ever) since, when, whenever, while, now (that), as long as, as soon as.如：

①

Now (that) you’ve grown up, you must stop this childish behavior. ②

Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. ③

People do not know the value of health till they lose it.

(2) 某些表示时间的名词词组，如

the day, the year, the morning, every time, each time, next time, the first time等，也可以引导时间状语从句。

① Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back. 每一次我感冒的时候，我都会背痛。

②

I’m going to see him next time he comes to Shenzhen. 下一次他来深圳的时候，我会去看他的。

③

He left Europe the year World War Ⅱbroke out. 二战爆发的那一年他离开欧洲。

④

He had impressed me that way the first time I met him. 我第一次见到他的时候，他给我留下那样的印象。

(3) 有些词，如

immediately, directly, instantly, the (very) moment, the minute, the instant等，当用于as soon as 的意义时，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：

① I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter. ② My sister came directly she got my message. ③ The machine will start instantly you press the button. ④ I’ll tell you about it the moment / the very moment / the minute / the instant you come. (4) 有些关联从属连词，如

no sooner …

than / hardly …

when / scarcely …

when 等，也能引导时间状语从句。

注意：如果把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, 置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如：

①

She had no sooner heard the news than she cried.

è

No sooner had she heard the news than she cried. ②

They had hardly started to work when the trouble began.

è

Hardly had they started to work when the trouble began. 4. Translate the following sentences into English by using the words in bracket. (1) 我一见到他就告诉他这个消息。（as soon as）

(2) 她一来到教室，就开始读英语。(as soon as) (3) 我刚一到家天就下雨了。(no sooner …

than …) (4) 他刚做完试卷，铃声就响了。(hardly …

when …) (5) 他一来，你就可立即离开。（immediately）

(6) 我一见到你，就认出你来了。(the moment) (7) 每次见面，他都向我问候，说“你好！”(each time / every time) (8) 到18岁的时候，她已大学毕业了。(by the time) Suggested Answers:

(1) I’ll tell him the news as soon as I see him. (2) As soon as she came into the classroom, she began to read English. (3) I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. / No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. (4) He had hardly finished the test when the bell rang. / Hardly had he finished the test when the bell rang.

(5) You may leave immediately he comes. (6) I recognized you the moment I saw you. (7) He greeted with “Hello!”

each time he saw me. (8) By the time she was 18, she had already graduated from the university. Step 3. Grammar (2)

1.

Ask Ss to read the following sentences and say which one is better and why. l Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn’t come to school to see me the next day. l Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn’t. Suggested Answers:

The second sentence is better than the first one. Because it left out the same part of one sentence. It can make us easy to understand and easy to read. 2. Ask Ss to add the words which have been left out and rewrite the sentences. (1) Sorry to have kept you waiting. (2) Seen the movie before? (3) John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. (4) –

What did you do yesterday?

–

Just slept. Nothing else. Suggested Answers:

(1) (I’m) sorry to have kept you waiting. (2) (Have you) seen the movie before? (3) John was the winner in 1994 and Bob (was) the winner in 1998. (4) …

I just slept. (I did) nothing else. 3. Help Ss to draw a conclusion of ellipses. (1) 简单句省略

① 省略主语

I Beg your pardon. / It Sounds a good idea. / You Take care! ② 省略谓语 Who comes next? / We’ll do the best we can do. ③ 省略表语 -- Are you ready? -- Yes, I am ready. Tom is not cruel, nor is his sister cruel. ④ 省略宾语 Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash dishes and you’ll dry dishes. ⑤ 省略主谓 I am sorry. ⑥ 省略定语 He spent part of the money, and the rest of the money he saved. ⑦ 省略主谓宾 -- Do you like English? -- Yes, I like English very much. (2) 复合句中的省略

① so, not的替代性省略

l 肯定：I think (hope, suppose, believe, expect, guess, am afraid) so. l 否定：I don’t think (believe, suppose, expect) so. I think (suppose, believe, expect, guess, hope, am afraid) not. Eg —

Do you think it will rain tomorrow? —

I think so. / I don’t think so. / I think not. ② 状语从句中的省略

如果从句的主语是it或与主句相同，谓语含有be，常省略从句的主语和be动词。

(a) 由when, while, as, once, whenever引导的时

间状语从句

(b) if, unless引导的条件状语从句

(c) though, although, as if, as引导的方式状语从句

Eg When it is heated, a piece of ice will turn into water. If it is necessary, I will apologize to him. He ought not to have done so even if it is possible. Be careful while you are crossing the street. Don’t get in while you are spoken to. ③ 宾语从句的省略 I believe that you will succeed. ④ 定语从句关系代词的省略（限定性定语从句）

Eg I’ll give you all that I have.

I don’t like the way that / in which you talk to do others. Shaoguan is no longer the city which / that it used to be. I arrived here the day when he left. ⑤

省略从句与主句相同的部分

Don’t eat more food than it is good for. (3) 其他省略现象

① 不定式中的省略(tell, ask, advise, permit, force, etc.) He may leave if he wishes to leave. He wanted to go but I told him not to go. -- Could you come? -- I’m glad to / would love to come. ② sb to sth have, make, let, feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, listen to, look at Eg He made the baby stop crying. (主动省to) The baby was made to stop crying. （被动还原to）

③ 不定式在happy, glad, eager, ready, willing, love后时可以省略，但要保留to Eg –

Would you love to come? -- Yes, I would love to come. ④ 有固定短语引起的疑问句

Eg What about having a game of chess? Why not try again? 4.

Ask Ss to change the sentences into elliptical sentences. (1) She likes singing and she likes dancing. (2) Is this the driver that you talked about yesterday? (3) The man who is sitting by the window is Mr. Smith. (4) He could not decide whether to buy the car or not to buy the car. (5) When it is heated, the metal expands. (6) You can do it if you want to do it. (7) My father planed all these houses and my father built all these houses. (8) He is the last person that I want to see. (9) He worked hard but his brother did not work hard. (10) While he was reading the newspaper, grandpa nodded from time to time. (11) He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor. (12) The reference books which were ordered last month haven’t arrived yet. (13) We tested the depth of the water and the temperature of the water. (14) Although he is very busy, he will do it for us.

(15) You may leave if you wish to leave. Suggested Answers:

(1) She likes singing and she likes dancing. (2) Is this the driver that you talked about yesterday? (3) The man who is sitting by the window is Mr. Smith. (4) He could not decide whether to buy the car or not to buy the car. (5) When it is heated, the metal expands. (6) You can do it if you want to do it. (7) My father planed all these houses and my father built all these houses. (8) He is the last person that I want to see. (9) He worked hard but his brother did not work hard. (10) While he was reading the newspaper, grandpa nodded from time to time. (11) He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor. (12) The reference books which were ordered last month haven’t arrived yet. (13) We tested the depth of the water and the temperature of the water. (14) Although he is very busy, he will do it for us. (15) You may leave if you wish to leave. Step 4. Homework

1. Ask Ss to finish Grammar Activities in the Workbook on page 109~110. 2. Ask Ss to review what we have learnt today. 3. Ask Ss to preview Reading Practice.