Grammar教学设计(第二课时)

The Third Period

Grammar Teaching goals教学目标

1. Knowledge and ability goals知识能力目标

Enable the students to understand and learn to use adverbial clauses with -ing. 2. Learning ability goals

学能目标

Help the student learn how to use adverbial clauses with -ing. Teaching important & difficult points

教学重难点

Learn to use adverbial clauses with -ing. Teaching methods

教学方法

Question and answer; translation,sentence pattern transformation. Teaching aids

教具准备

A projector and some slides.

Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式

Step I Revision and Lead-in

Read the following sentences and make a choice. Sample sentences:

1. Putting down his shopping bag, Will held out his hand.

2. Will, still watching, saw the cat behave curiously. 3. He crossed the road, keeping his eyes on the spot where the cat had been investigating. 4. Pushing his shopping bag through, he scrambled through himself. Then ask the students to read aloud the sentences.

Step Ⅱ

Grammar Task 1: Grammar focus

T: From the sentences above, we can see that there is a comma in each sentence. And the two parts of each sentence refer to the same person. Now let’s find something more about -ing in the sentences. First, which sentences describe two things that happen at the same time? And which sentences describe one thing happening imme-diately after another?

Sa: Two things that happen at the same time: Sentences2,3 Sb: One thing happening immediately after another: Sentences 1,4

Then ask the students to do Activity 2 and then check the answers.

T: After the above exercises, we can conclude that -ing can sometimes be used to describe two things that happen at the same time, and sometimes describe one thing happening immediately after another. Now let’s see the four forms of Adverbial clauses with ing and their usage. 1.现在分词的一般式表示该动作与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语

动作之后发生，有时也表示在谓语动作之前发生。

The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bones. 2.

现在分

词的完成式表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，强调时间先后关系。

Having finished his homework ,the boy went out to play football. 3.现在分词的一般式被动式表示该动作与谓语动作同时发生，表被动。

Being noticed by so many people, she felt nervous, not knowing what to say. Being blamed by the teacher, Henry couldn't help crying. 4.现在分词的完成式被动式表示该动作与谓语动作

同时发生，表被动。

Not having been washed in the correct way, the coat has faded.

Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.

The two parts of each sentence refer to the same person. Besides, we can also put prepositions / conjunctions before -ing to form a phrase, such as while，when, once, although, until, if etc. And the phrase can be changed into an adverbial clause. For example, On seeing her, the king falls in love with her. can also be changed into: When the king sees her, he immediately falls in love with her.

T: The adverbial clauses with -ing can be used to indicate time, cause, condition, result, etc. These sentences can be changed into subordinate clauses or juxtapositional sentences. Now let’s do the following exercises.

1.时间状语，相当于when, while ,as 等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首或句末。

1.When he was walking along the street,he met his old friend.

=Walking along the street,he met his old friend.

2.Be careful while you are crossing the street. =Be careful while crossing the street 2.原因状语相当于as, since, because等引起的

原因状语从句，常位于句首,句中或句末。

1.Because she hadn’t received his reply,she decided to write a

second letter. =Not having received his reply,she decided to write a

second letter. 3.条件状语，相当于一个if 等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首。

1.If I know anything about it,I will tell you all. =Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all. 4.让步状语：相当于although, though, even if, even though引起的让步状语从句,常位于句首。

Although he had bought a lot of books for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method. =Buying a lot of books for the exam,he failed in it

because of

the learning method. 5.结果状语表示一种必然的结果，可扩展为含有并列谓语的简单句。常位于句末。

My parents went to the party yesterday ,leaving me alone at home. =My parents went to the party yesterday and they left me alone

at home 6.

伴随状语分词等于and并列两个动词或分句。

All the students sat in the classroom and listenedto their teacher. =All the students sat in the classroom,listening to their teacher. 7.

方式状语

分词等于介词with引起的方式状语

或and并列的两个谓语动词

Walking slowly,I approached （靠近）the little window. = By walking slowly, I approached the

little window. 注意:为了使动词ing形式作状语所表达的时间，条件，结果，让步，原因等意思更加明确，可以在动词ing前加上适当的连词或介词（when, while, as, because, if, though ,after, before等）。as soon as 可以用on+ v - ing 取代。

1 Don’t talk while having dinner. 2 Once losing this chance, you can’t easily find it. 3 On arriving the classroom, she began to read. 改错1. While reading the book, the telephone rang. 2.Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. 动词ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，动词ing 形式表示的动作是次要动作。（一个主语多个动作。）

Task 2: Practice

1. Reading

First ask the students to read aloud the following example sentences and tell which sentences describe two things that happen at the same time (1) and which sentences describe one thing happening immediately after another (2).

Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. (2) Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. (1) The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. (1) When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. (1) While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work. (1) Standing on top of the hill, you can see as far as the seaside. (1) The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bones. (2) Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play football. (2) Being noticed by so many people, she felt nervous, not knowing what to say. (1) Not having been washed in the correct way, the coat has faded. (2) Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal. (2) When doing your homework, you mustn’t listen to the music. (1) Though having been warned many times, she got to school late again. (2)

European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. (1) 2. Activities

Ask the students to do Activities 1-5 and Activities 1-4. Check the answers with the students.

Step Ⅲ

Homework

Finish your exercisebook P25-P28