Grammar and usage(1): Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed(I)板书设计

Overview of non-finite verbs Learning objectives: 1. Review and learn some techniques of non-finite verbs usage. 2. Learn to apply non-finite verbs to multiple choices and reading comprehension.

3. Raise the awareness of using non-finite verbs in writing.

Teaching procedure:

Step 1: Lead-in

A brief introduction to the TV show “Go fighting(极限挑战)” and its members

Step 2: Recap non-finite verbs Forms of non-finite verbs(非谓语动词):

to infinitive

(不定式)

主动式

被动式

一般式

to do

完成式

进行式

to be doing

完成进行式

V-ing (现在分词) 主动式

被动式

一般式

doing

完成式

一般式

doing V-ing (动名词) 被动式

动名词复合结构

one’s _________

V-ed (过去分词): ____________________

Step 3: Non-finite verbs in the multiple choices Skill 1. Analyze the sentence structure and decide whether to use finite or non-finite(非谓语).

Combine the following two sentences into one according to the requirement：

Huang Lei is very clever. He is called “Shensuanzi” by others.

1. __________ Huang Lei is very clever, he is called “Shensuanzi”. (adverbial clause of reason 原因状语从句)

2. Huang Lei is very clever, __________ he is called “Shensuanzi”. (adverbial clause of result

结果状语从句) 3. Huang Lei is very clever __________ he is called “Shensuanzi”. (compound sentence 并列复合句) 4. Huang Lei is very clever, __________ is called “Shensuanzi”.

(attributive clause 定语从句) 5. _______________ very clever, Huang Lei is called “Shensuanzi” by others. (非谓语做原因状语) Distinguish：finite or non-finite?(限还是非限？) (

) 1. _________ many times, but Zhang Yixing still couldn’t understand the rules of the game. (

) 2. _________ many times, Zhang Yixing still couldn’t understand the rules of the game.

A. Having been taught

B. Taught

C. He was taught

D. Though had been taught

(

) 3. The old man told Honglei: “_________ to the left, you'll find the building.”

(

) 4. The old man told Honglei: “If you _________ to the left, you'll find the building.”

(

) 5. The old man told Honglei: “_________ to the left and you'll find the building.”

A. Turning

B. To turn

C. Turn

D. Turned

Skill 2. Analyze the logical subject(逻辑主语) of the non-finite verb. The one who takes action or bears action is called logical subject.

(

) 6. First _________ to the audience, this TV show enjoyed great success. A. introducing

B. introduced

C. introduce

D. being introduced (

) 7. While sitting in the car, _____________________. A. the mobile phone rang.

B. the mobile phone rings. C. he heard the mobile phone ring.

D. he heard the mobile phone rang. If the logical subject isn’t the subject of the whole sentence, we have to keep this logical subject. Structures like this are called absolute structure, or we say“独立主格结构”.

(

) 8. _________ no buses, Luo Zhixiang had to ride a bike. (

) 9. _________ raining, Zhang Yixing took out his umbrella. A. There being

B. It was

C. There were

D. It being

Skill 3. Analyze the voice of the non-finite verb, active voice(主动语态) or passive voice(被动语态).

After deciding the logical subject, if this subject takes action, we use active voice. If the subject bears action, we use passive voice.

(

) 10. _________ from above, Shanghai looks very beautiful. (

) 11. _________ from above, they find Shanghai a very beautiful city. A. Seen

B. Seeing

C. To see

D. See (

) 12. The task _________, the boys headed for the destination. (

) 13. _________ the task, the boys headed for the destination. A. was finished

B. finished

C. were finished

D. Having finished

Skill 4. Analyze tense(时态) of the non-finite verbs, present, past or future? (

) 14. The meeting_________ now is very important. (

) 15. The meeting _________ tomorrow is very important. (

) 16. The meeting _________ yesterday is very important.

A. having held

B. to be held

C. being held

D. held

Step 4: Non-finite verbs in the reading comprehension 1. Read the passage and underline the structure of non-finite verbs(非谓语动词结构). 2. Group work: Discuss with your group members and check whether you’ve got the right answers. Meanwhile, try to figure out their functions in the sentences. One example is given in the first sentence.

All the terms(术语) you need is in the box down below. Have a try! subject (主语);

object complement ['kɒmplɪmənt] (宾语补足语);

predicative [prɪ'dɪkətɪv] (表语); adverbial [əd'vɜːbɪəl] of purpose (目的状语);

adverbial of reason (原因状语);

adverbial of time (时间状语);

adverbial of concession [kən'seʃən] (让步状语) One day, the director asked Huang Bo and Wang Xun to play

a game of “Cat catches mouse”. Wang Xun

object complement (宾语补足语) ask sb to do sth

played the role of cat while Huang Bo was the mouse. In order to win the competition and to get the awards, Wang Xun tried his best to catch Huang Bo. Being a very clever man, Huang Bo was able to avoid dangerous situations all the time. Time was running out. Suddenly, Wang Xun saw Huang Bo in the distance and he ran towards Huang Bo quickly. Huang Bo was forced to run to a river bank. Being very confident of his swimming skills, Huang Bo jumped into the water. When seeing this, Wang Xun came up with an idea. His plan was to jump into the water too and to pretend that he was drowning(溺水). “Help! Help!” Wang Xun shouted. Huang Bo felt very hesitant. If he saved Wang Xun, he would lose the game. However, if he did nothing, he would lose his friendship. Although knowing that Wang Xun might be lying, Wang Bo chose to save him. As a result, Huang Bo lost the game. When interviewed after the game, Huang Bo said that he didn’t regret it at all. And Wang Xun told the audience: “Being saved by Huang Bo is the most touching and valuable memory in my life.”

Step 5: Non-finite verbs in writing

Skill 1: Use non-finite verbs to polish up writing. Read the following passage, and try to paraphrase the following six sentences with non-finite structure(非谓语结构). Once Zhang Yixing was assigned(分配) a task to find the hidden suitcases(手提箱) in Shanghai. He came across Sun Honglei and decided to team up with him. (1)Because he was accompanied by Sun Honglei, Zhang managed to finish the task in a short time. After completing the task, they both felt very hungry. (2)So they rushed into a restaurant in order to ask for some free food to eat. (3)While Zhang is waiting for the food to be served, he decided to go to the washroom. And his suitcase was left on the counter(柜台). (4)Although Sun expected that Zhang would be very disappointed, he still took Zhang’s

suitcase and ran away. Shortly after, Zhang went back to the counter and realized what had happened to him. (5)He was so upset and helpless, because he didn’t know what to do. Sun Honglei thought it over and over, finally he decided to find Zhang and say sorry to him. (6) As soon as Sun found Zhang Yixing, Sun apologized to Zhang, and gave back his suitcase. Finally Zhang Yixing forgave Sun Honglei, and he told Sun: “I’m

not mad at you because you are my big brother forever.”

(1) _________________ by Sun Honglei, Zhang managed to finish the task in a short time. (2) So they rushed into a restaurant __________________ some food to eat. (3) While ______________ the food to be served, he decided to go to the washroom, with his suitcase _____________ in the counter. (4) Although _____________ that Zhang would be very disappointed, he still took Zhang’s suitcase and ran away. (5) ______________ what to do, he was so upset and hopeless. (6) On/Upon ___________ Zhang Yixing, Sun apologized to Zhang, and gave back his suitcase.

Skill 2: Use non-finite verbs to write a short essay according to the Chinese you are given. Group work: It’s your turn to write on your own! Try to translate the underlined part using non-finite structure(非谓语结构) and then correct each other’s sentences with your group member.

1. 极限男人帮(Go fighting men)收到了指定(assign)的任务。他们必须去体验普通人的生活。

2. 当发现自己的任务是照顾幼儿园(kindergarten)的小孩时，孙红雷感到压力(stress)很大。

3. 黄渤被要求去送(deliver)香蕉。因为没把香蕉及时送到，他被顾客责骂(scold)了。

4. 罗志祥的任务是为一个老人做饭。尽管他在做菜时犯了许多错误，他仍旧被老人表扬了。老人说他做的菜很好吃。

5. 尽管今天是很累的一天，并且大家都精疲力尽(burn out)，但是大家都觉得很兴奋。

1.________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.________________________________________________________________________________________

3.________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.________________________________________________________________________________________