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Module 6 Grammar 【学习目标】：

1、掌握定语从句

2、能正确运用定语从句

【自主学习】：

一.定语从句及其相关概念。

1.

定语从句：在定语从句中起定语的作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可以修饰一个句子。

定语从句的构成：先行词+关系词（关系代词或关系副词）+从句

2.

先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。

eg: This is the school where we study. 3.

关系代词：关系代词放先行词之后连接定语从句，在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语或定语，关系代词有：who(指代人，主语)，whom(宾语)，which（物）that（人或物）, whose(定语) eg: This is the place which we visited. 4.

关系副词：关系副词在从句中充当表示时间，地点，原因的状语，关系副词有：when, where, why. eg: The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.

This is the place where he was brought up. 二. 如何选择定语从句的引导词，即关系代词或关系副词。

1.

先找出先行词。

2.

分析先行词在从句中充当的成分

例句分析：

1).This is our headmaster who/that has something important to tell you. (主语) 2).I want to take away the books which/that you lent to me. (宾语,也可省略关系词) 3).The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for holidays.(定语) 4).The days are gone when we suffered a lot.(时间状语) 5).Do you know any shop nearby where I can buy flowers?（地点状语）

6).The reason why she was sad was that she lost her favorite pet.（原因状语）

7).That’s the reason that he explained to us just now. （宾语）

三. that 和

which 的区别。

1.

宜用that而不宜用which的情况。

①

当先行词是不定代词

everything，anything, something, nothing, none, the one, all, much, little, all, few时。

eg: Is there anything that I can do for you?

The book contains much that is useful.

②

当先行词被the only, the very, few, little, no, all等修饰时。

eg: This is the very person that I want to meet. ③

当先行词前有序数词或形容词的最高级（the last包含在内）修饰时

eg: I will never forget the first lesson that Mr. Black taught me.

This is the greatest party that I have ever taken. ④

当先行词中既有人又有物时。

eg: He talked happily about the students and the books that interested him in the school. 2.

宜用which 而不用that的情况。

①

介词+ which,不能用that. eg: This is the house in which he once lived.

This is the teacher form whom I learn a lot. ②

在非限制性定从句中，作主语，宾语，表语。

The woman, who is standing there is my sister.

The book, which he lost yesterday has been found. 四. 介词+ 关系代词引导定语从句。

例句

1) .He bought some furniture, on which he spent all his moneny.（spend

on ）

2) .In his room, I saw a big table on which there were a lot of books. (on the table)

3) .I don’t like the way in which you speak to your teacher. (in the way)

4) .The man to whom I send a mail is my business partner. (send

to) 5) .The pen with which you write is Mary’s.(write with)

2 如何选用恰当的介词。

1）根据动词的固定搭配或动词所需的某种搭配（例1，4，5）

This is the book of which we are proud.(proud of) 2）根据先行词的习惯搭配。（例2，例3）

The speed at which light travels is 300,000 km per second.(at the speed) 3）根据从句所表达的意思来确定介词。

This gas is called oxygen,in which fire burns much better. This gas is called oxygen,without which we couldn’t live..

This gas is called oxygen, with which we can rescue patients. 五

非限制性定语从句

1 概念：非限制性定语从句时对先行词进行附加说明，如果被省去不影响主句意思。它和主句常用逗号隔开。

2 关系代词；who; whom; whose ;as

关系副词；when ;where eg; Kate, who has 3 children ,has never gone to college.

Mary said she had lost her watch,which was not true.

I left Luzhou in 2001,when I was only 20 years old..

He is my best friend,whose father is my Chinese teacher. 3 非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句的区别。

1）关系代词that ,关系副词why, how 不用于非限制性定语从句。

2）非限制性定语从句中关系代词不省略；在限制性定语从句，作宾语的关系代词可省略。

eg:The book,which I lost yesterday,has not been found. (which 不可省) This is the book (which) I lost yesterday.(which 可省) 4. as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别。

两者都可替代主句的整个内容。位于主句前，只能用as；位于主句后两者都可用。

as 译为“像….一样，正如

正像”。which译为“这……”。

eg: As is known to all, China is a developing country. He failed the exam,which surprised his father. 注意：1) 句中作主语时, as 长接被动语态，which 则与主动语态连接。

He has been absent again, as is expected.

2) as 常用在以下短语中；

as is known (to all)（众所周知）; as is supposed (正如所料想的)；

as often happens (这种情况常常发生) The hall ,as often happens , bacame very crowed.

练习：完成周报和《聚焦课堂》上的相关练习。

定语从句练习题

1. The fence in our garden, ______ my father built many years ago has lasted for a long time. A. that

B. which

C. what

D. where 2. There’s still much ______ can be improved about it.

A. which

B. that

C. if

D. what 3. Mr. Johnson’s son, ______ lives in Chicago, is a doctor.

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. which 4. We traveled together as far as Chicago, ______ we said goodbye to each other. A. which

B. when

C. why

D. where 5. I’ll never forget the years ______ I lived in the country with the farmers ______ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which

B. when; which

C. which; that

D. when; who 6. I’ll remember the time _____ we spent together in the country. A. that

B. when

C. during which

D. at which 7. I don’t believe the reason ______ he has given for his being late.

A. why

B. that

C. how

D. what 8. Alice has a large collection of photos, ______ was taken in London. A. none of them

B. no one of which

C. all of which

D. none of which 9. I fell most angry about the way ______ I’ve been treated.

A. when

B. that

C. where

D. how 10. There is a mountain _____ the top is always covered with snow. A. whose

B. of which

C. it’s

D. that

11. Is there anything else______ you require? A. which

B. that

C. who

D. what 12. The last place _______ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which

B. that

C. where

D. it

13. He talked happily about the men and books ______ interested him greatly in the school.

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. when 14. _______ we know now, bats comes out only at night.

A. As

B. Which

C. That

D. What 15. I have bought two ball pens, ______writes well. A. none of which

B. neither of which

C. none of them

D. neither of them 16. This is one of the best films ________ this year. A. have been shown

B. that have shown C. that have been shown

D. which has been shown 17. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A. that

B. x

C. which

D. it 18. A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. who

B. who’s

C. whose

D. which

19. _________, the compass was first in China. A. It is known to all

B. It is known that

C. We all know D. As is known to all 20. Jack is the only one of my friends who ______ helping me paint my house. A. is

B are

C. was

D. were

21. Children who are not attractive or_________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what

B. whose

C. which

D. that 22. I refuse to accept the blame for something _______was someone else’s falst.

A. who

B. that

C. ass

D. what 23. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ________I met in the English speech contest last year.

A. who

B. where

C. when

D. which 24. Wind power is an ancient source od energy ______we may return in the near future. A. on which

B. by which

C. to which

D. from which 25. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ______lefttheir village homes for a better life in the city. A. whom

B. which

C. them

D. those 26. In China, the number of cities is increasing _______development is recognised across the world.

A. where

B. which

C. whose

D. that 27. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ________is named after his grandfather.

A. which

B. where

C. what

D. that 28. She brought with her three friends, none of ______I had ever met before.

A. them

B. who

C. whom

D. these 29. My friend showed me round the town, _______was very kind of him.

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. it 30. Whereverr I met her, _________was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.

A. who

B. which

C. when

D. that