Grammar教案和学案内容

完形填空基本解题技巧指导

一、近年高考“完形填空”

命题特点:

1. 短文难度与教材课文难易基本相当。

2.短文选材以小故事为主，内容贴近时代生活，往往揭示一个简单道理。

3.首句不设空，体现文章的题材、体裁，揭示文章的主旨大意。

4.主要考查上下文语境理解能力（占70%-90%）,纯语法或搭配的考查相对很少. 5.词汇考查以实词（动、名、形、副）为主,虚词为辅.

二、常用解题技巧

1、上下文语境法

学生常犯的错误：

断章取义，忽视上下文信息提示。

这种上下文信息提示有两种：

（1）提示在前

（例）

About ten years ago,a young and very successful manager named Josh was traveling down a Chicago neighborhood street. He was going a bit fast in his 21 car.

(

)21

A

old

B

expensive

C

second-hand

D

slow

(2)

提示在后

Many old people don’t have good

2 .They can’t watch TV, but they can listen to the music.

(

)2、A. hearing

B. health

C. eyesight

D. time 2. 根据常识背景解题

In the summer vacation of 1997, I was fixed with a job. I worked as a (n)

36

at Mr. Breen’s shop.

(

) 36. A. operator

B. assistant

C. waiter

D. secretary 3.根据词汇意义及词语辨析解题

近年高考完形填空的显著特征就是四个选项形式完全相同，在语法上都正确，关键在词义辨析、同近义词语辨析上下功夫。

……. But I was going along cheerfully, thinking about the dinner I would eat when I

36

to Salisbury. （

）36.

A. reached

B. arrived

C. got

D. led 4.逻辑分析法

理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。

It has been many years since I was last in London＿＿I still remember something that happened during that visit. (

)

A. and B. for C. but D. as 5、固定搭配法

多倾向考查动词、名词、形容词与介词的搭配及典型句子结构的搭配

Here’s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself＿＿so

much money.

(

)

A. for

B. by

C. to

D. of

三．完形填空解题步骤

1.跳读首尾句，判断文体，预测主题

重视首段/首句信息

若首句交代了when, where , who, what ，很可能就是一个故事，其结尾往往出人意料或耐人寻味。若首句提出或解释说明某事物，一般是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，就是议论文。

It was a busy morning，about 8:30. when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital . 2.

通读全文，领会大意（4－6分钟）

注意：跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定择，切忌仓促下笔。

3.

逐句阅读，选出答案

（5－7分钟）

注意：瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格。

4.

猜测难点、整体复查（2－3分钟）

复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。

四．做题建议

1.针对训练：针对练习代替题海战术，每天练习不同体裁、题材的文章，提高解题技能。

2、提高解题速度：限时练习（15分钟以内），

代替无限制的时间浪费。

3、提高准确率：高效练习代替每天盲目练习N道题。

广泛涉猎，限时训练，提高完型答题准确率才是拿高分的正途

五

小试牛刀

It was a busy morning，about 8:30, when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital. I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for an appointment(约会)at 9:30.

The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area, 37 him it would be at least 40 minutes 38 someone would be able to see him. I saw him 39 his watch and decided，since I was

40 busy—my patient didn’t

41

at the appointed hour, I would examine his wound(伤口

. While taking care of his wound, I asked him if he had another doctor’s appointment.

The gentleman said no and told me that he 42 to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with his 43 . He told me that she had been 44 for a while and that she had a special disease. I asked if she would be 45 if he was a bit late. He replied that she 46 knew who he was，and that she had not been able to

47 him for five years now. I

was 48

, and asked him，“And you

49 go every morning，even though she doesn’t’know who you are?”

He smiled and said,

“She doesn’t know me ,but I know who she is .”

I had to hold back

50

as he left.

Now I 51 that in marriages，true love is 52

of all that is .The happiest people don’t

53

have the best of everything；they just 54

the best of everything they have.

55

isn’t about how to live through the storm，but how to dance in the rain. 36.A．breath

B．test

C．seat

D．break

37A．persuading B．promising C．understanding D．telling 38A．if B．before C．since D．after

39A．taking off B．fixing C．looking at D．winding

40.A．very B．also C．seldom D．not 41A．turn up B．show off C．come on D．go away 42A．needed B．forgot C．agreed D．happened 43A．daughter B．wife C．mother D．sister 44A．late B．well C．around D．there 45A．lonely B．worried C．doubtful D．glad 46A．so far B．neither C．no longer D．already 47A．recognize B．answer C．believe D．expect 48A．moving B．disappointed C．surprised D．satisfied

49A．only B．then C．thus D．still 50A．curiosity B．tears C．words D．judgment

51A．realise B．suggest C．hope D．prove 52A．agreement B．expression C．acceptance D．exhibition

53A．necessarily B．completely C．naturally D．frequently 54A．learn B．make C．favour D．try

55A．Adventure B．Beauty C．Trust D．Life 六，小组活动Discuss your problems in groups of two or four.

1.长难句解析

The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area

， 37 him it would be at least 40

minutes 38 someone would be able to see him.

36、

A breath

B.test C seat D break 37 、

A persuading B promising C understanding D telling 38、A if B before C since D after

2.技巧总结：Sum up the approaches to solving the problem. 方法运用

题号

一、上下文语境

二

逻辑推理

三

常识背景

四

词义辨析

五

固定搭配（短语，句型

七：真题演练（2019年高考全国卷三）

第一节

（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。并在文中找出每个答案的关键词和在相应题号处写出每个题的解题技巧。

The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March-

41

six months out of the year. Of course, we

42

it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is

43

, but down in the valley it’s darker —

it’s like on a

44

day.”

But that

45

when a system of high-tech

46

was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below. Wednesday, residents（居民）of Rjukan

47

their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to

48 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that

49

them to turn along with the sun throughout the

50

and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam（束）of light onto the town’s central

51

, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light

52

, Rjukan residents gathered together. “People have been

53

there and standing there and taking

54

of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally

55

. I think almost all the people in the town were there. "The 3,500 residents cannot all

56

the sunshine at the same time.

57

, the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s

58

residents. "It's not very

59

,” she says, "but it is enough when we are

60

.”

41. A. only

B. obviously

C. nearly

D. precisely 42. A. fear

B. believe

C. hear

D. notice 43. A. empty

B. blue

C. high

D. wide 44. A. cloudy

B. normal

C. different

D. warm

45. A. helped

46. A. computers

47. A. remembered

48. A. repair

49. A. forbids

50. A. day

51. A. library

52. A. appeared

53. A. driving

54. A. pictures

55. A. new

56. A. block

57. A. Instead

58. A. nature-loving 59. A. big

60. A. trying

B. changed

B. telescopes

B. forecasted

B. risk

B. directs

B. night

B. hall

B. returned

B. hiding

B. notes

B. full

B. avoid

B. However

B. energy-saving

B. clear

B. waiting

C. happened

C. mirrors

C. received

C. rest

C. predicts

C. month

C. square

C. faded

C. camping

C. care

C. flat

C. enjoy

C. Gradually

C. weather-beaten C. cold

C. watching

D. mattered D. cameras D. imagined D. use D. follows D. year D. street D. stopped D. siting D. hold D. silent D. store D. Similarly D. sun-starved D. easy D. sharing