Grammar and usage(2): Unreal conditions教学实录与评析

M6U3

Grammar and usage--Unreal conditionals

-- By Liu Jinyan, Xupu High School

Teaching objectives: By the end of the class, students will 1.learn to identify an unreal conditional with “if” clause in a sentence; 2.learn the forms of unreal conditionals; 3.learn when to use the unreal conditionals; 4.learn how to use the unreal conditionals;

Teaching procedures: Step1:Lead-in 1.Ask students to enjoy the song If I were a boy again and try to remember one of the sentences of the lyrics(歌词) in red. Show students the fact that the singer (Beyonce) is a girl.

2.Ask the students to summarize the definition of unreal conditionals. Unreal conditionals state a condition or situation that is unreal or is imaginary.虚拟语气用来陈述一个不真实或想象的情况,表示与客观事实相反。

Step2:Grammar Presentation 1.a)Show students a picture and ask the students the question, and then lead the students to answer like the following sentence: What would you do now if you had magic power like Liu Qian? If I had the magic power, I would…

b)Ask the students to complete the forms of the two sentences and summarize the forms of the predicative verbs in the present tense when using unreal conditionals. If I ________(be)a boy, I would be a better man. If I ________(have) magic power, I_________ (make) the world more beautiful. Summary: If引导的虚拟条件句表示与现在的事实相反时，从句谓语可用did 或were,主句谓语用would/could/should/might+动词原形。

c) Ask students to practice translate two sentences using unreal conditionals. ⑴

如果我是你，我就告诉他真相。

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⑵

要是我哥哥来这儿，一切都会很顺利的.

2.a)Ask students to complete another sentence including a past time, then give them the answers leading the students to summarize the forms of the predicative verbs in the past time when using unreal conditionals. 要是我哥哥昨天来了这儿，一切都会很顺利了. If my brother_______(come) here yesterday, everything ________(go) well. Summary: If引导的虚拟条件句表示与过去的事实相反时，从句谓语用had done,主句谓语用would/should/could/might have done。

b)

Ask students to practice using unreal conditionals. Complete the forms of the predicative verbs in the past time when using unreal conditionals. 1) If she _____(not be)busy doing her homework last night, she_____ (go) to see the film with me. 2) If the man ______(drive) more carefully, he______(not have)the car accident ten minutes ago.

3.Review the predicative verbs in the present time and in the past time. Ask students what about the predicative verbs in the future. Give them ao sentence and help students to translate them and summarize the forms of the predicative verbs in the future when using unreal conditionals. 如果明天下雪，我们就可以堆雪人了。

If it snowed / were to snow/ should snow tomorrow, we could make a snowman. Summary: If引导的虚拟条件句表示与将来的事实相反时，从句谓语可用did(were)/ were to do/ should do;主句谓语用would/ should/could/might do. If I ________(meet) Yao Ming next week, I ________(have) a competition with him.

4.Ask students to summarize the forms of the predicative verbs in the present , in the past and in the future tenses when using unreal conditionals.

Step3:Grammar Practice 1. Ask students to complete the blanks according to some pictures.

1)曾经有一份真挚的感情放在我的面前，我没有珍惜。等我失去的时候我才后悔莫及。

If I _______(not value) the true love when I got it, I __________________(not regret) when I lost it. 2)如果上天能够给我一个再来一次的机会，我会对那个女孩子说三个字：“我爱你”。

If God _____ (offer) me another chance right now, I ____(say) the three words to the girl ,“I love you”.

3)如果非要在这份爱上加一个期限的话，我希望是一万年。

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If I________(have) to put a guarantee on it, I wish it _____(be) forever.

2.Ask the students to correct some true or false sentences. 1) If I am a fish, I could swim freely in the sea.

2) If he will live in the 22nd century, he would live in a very different way. 3) I have no time now. If I have time, I would go fishing with you. 4)If it is not the doctor’s careful treatment, he couldn’t live till last year.

Step4: Practice and presentation 1.a)Give students some pairs of sentences with “if clauses” and with “if” omitted and summarize the omission of “if clause”. Summary:在虚拟语气中，if从句中如果有were, should, had done, 可省略if把句中

Were, Should, Had 提前到句首的倒装句形式.

b) Do some practice: ask students to omit “if” in the sentences. If I were you, I would buy the beautiful house. If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work so quickly. If I should have time tomorrow, I would go to the gym with you.

2.a)Give students a sentence and remind them to pay attention to the time in the if clause and the time in the main sentence and then lead students to summarize the forms of the predicative verbs in mixed conditionals.

If he had taken your advice yesterday, he would not be in trouble now. Summary:混合时间虚拟语气中：If 从句用从句时间所对应的动词形式，主句就用主句的时间所对应的动词形式。

b) Do some practice: 1)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _______ in love, at the age of seven, with Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn’t have fallen

B. hadn’t fallen

C. should fallen

D. were to fallen 2) If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you ______ now.

A. wouldn’t be smiling

B. won’t smile

C. couldn’t have smiled

D. didn’t smile

3.a)According to two pictures, give students a sentence and help them to use “with”

phrase to replace the if clause and explain to the students some important and difficult points of implied conditionals.

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Summary :

含蓄条件句

（重、难点）

1)with, without, but for 等介词短语代替if条件句; without, but for相当于if it were not for/if it had not been for “要不是”

But for the rain, the crops would have died. (=if___________________________________________________) Without the teacher’s help, he couldn’t have made such great progress in English.

(=if___________________________________________________) 2)真实情况和虚拟语气混合:otherwise/or 后往往是假设,but 后往往是事实;句中表示事实的部分也可以改成if从句虚拟语气。

I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.（副词）

(= If ____________________________________________________)

I would have taken part in the sports meeting, but I was ill that day.（连词）

(= …,if _________________________________________________) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（连词）

(=If _____________________________________________________)

Step 5: Consolidation 1.Summarize what has been learnt in the class. 2.Do some multiple choices. 3.Play a game: Challenge yourself Ask the students to prepare some topics in groups and make some sentences using unreal conditionals in different forms. 3.

Appreciate an essay:

Three days to see

Step 6: Homework 1.Finish the tasks on page 40 and 41.

2.Finish off the exercises on page 116.

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