Reading and vocabulary优质课教案整理

单词

(一)词形变化

1．________(v.)犹豫，迟疑→________(n.)犹豫→________(adj.)犹豫的；踌躇的

2．________(n.)怀疑→________(adj.)令人怀疑的

3．________(n.)方向→________(v.)指导→________(n.)导演→______(adv.)直接地

4．________(v.)表现，举动→ ______________(n.)表现；举止

5．_________(adv.)确定地，一定地→________(adj.)确定的，一定的→__________(n.)定义；

6．________(v.)拥有→___________(n.)所有物，财产→__________(adj.)自私的；占有欲强的

7．___________(n.)疲惫，精疲力竭→____________(adj.)精疲力竭的→____________(adj.)使人疲惫不堪的

8．________(adj.)看不见的→________(adj.)看得见的→________(n.)视力

9．________(v.)结婚；娶；嫁→________(n.)婚姻→________(adj.)已婚的

10．________(adj.)有天才的，有天赋的→________(n.)天赋，才能

11．________(n.)批评，评论→_______(v.)批评→________(adj.)批评的→________(n.)评论家

12．________(n.)力量，能力→________(adj.)强有力的

13 _________(n) 渴望→

( v.)

渴望

adj.长的

14 _________(n) 调整→

( v.)

调整，适应

15 _________(n) 悲哀，伤心→

( adj.)

难过的；遗憾的

16 ________(v) 惩罚→ ( n.) 惩罚，处罚

17 _________ (v) 积累；积聚→ ( n.) 积累

18 ________(adv) 大概地；粗略地→

(adj.) 粗鲁的；粗糙的

19 ________( adj). 魔法的；不可思议的→ ________( n.) 魔术→ _________( n.) 魔术师

（二）重点单词

1．direction n．方向；指导(pl.)指南，说明书

________the direction of 朝着/来自……方向

in the ________direction 朝相反方向

in all__________ /in every __________朝四面八方

________ sb's direction/under the direction of sb.在某人的指挥下，在某人的指导下

__________________ sb's direction 听从某人的指导

directly adv.________ conj._______________

I came directly I got your message. 我一接到你的消息就来了。

[对应训练]

完成句子

①On hearing the gunshot，people fled________ all directions. 一听到枪声，人们朝四面八方逃跑。

②The investigation was carried out________________a senior police officer. 调查是在一位高级警官的指导下进行的。

2．(1)hesitate v．迟疑；犹豫

hesitate__________ sth.

迟疑做某事；不愿做某事

hesitate _______________(doing) sth.(做)某事犹豫不决

(2)hesitation n.

踌躇，犹豫

________hesitation

毫不犹豫地

have no hesitation ____ doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事

They had no hesitation in helping her the moment they saw she was in trouble. 一看到她有困难，他们就毫不犹豫地帮助她。

[对应训练]

单句语法填空

①But I wouldn't hesitate________(spend)on a good haircut.

②Shen Xiaoyu jumped into the water to save the drowning girl without ________. ③Don’t ________ ________your decision once you think it over. 只要你思考清楚了，就不要犹豫你的决定。

④When ________ doubt about the meaning of a word, consult the dictionary. ⑤At first we were doubtful ________ employing Charlie. 3．doubt n．怀疑；疑惑；疑问

v．怀疑

(1)I doubt____________...

我怀疑……

I don't doubt______..

我确信……

(2)There is no doubt______...

毫无疑问……

I have no doubt______...

我确信……

I have some doubt________...

我怀疑……

____doubt

怀疑；不肯定；犹豫

________doubt

毫无疑问；一定地

(3)be doubtful______

对……怀疑

[关键一点]

doubt可作动词也可作名词。在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后跟that引导的宾语从句或同位语从句；在肯定句中，后跟whether或if引导的宾语从句或whether引导的同位语从句。

I doubt whether it was a real antique or just a cheap imitation. 我怀疑这是个真古董，还是只是个便宜的仿冒品。

[对应训练]

(1)完成句子

__________________ Japan's disputes with neighboring countries are the result of its expansionary policies.毫无疑问，日本与邻国的争端是其扩张性政策的结果。

(2)用that/whether/if的适当形式填空

①There is no doubt________she will keep her word.

②I doubted ________that was what he wanted.

③I don't doubt________he'll come tomorrow.

④There is some doubt________he can win the first prize. 4．possess v．拥有；持有；控制

The country possesses rich mineral deposits.这个国家拥有丰富矿藏。

词形变化possess v. 拥有→possession n.

财产；拥有→possessive adj. 占有的；所有的→possessed adj.

拥有的；疯狂的→possessor n.

持有人；所有人

(1)be possessed of

具有(某品质) 占有；拥有

(2)in possession of

占有；拥有；持有

in sb's possession＝in the possession of sb.为某人所有；在某人的控制下

The old house is in the possession of Mr. Wang；that is to say，Mr. Wang is in possession of the house.那座老房子为王先生所有，即王先生拥有这座房子

take possession of

拥有；占有

All human beings possess a body clock.

→All human beings ________________a body clock.

→All human beings ________________a body clock.

[对应训练]

(1)单句语法填空

I think he is a person who is possessed ________ great perseverance. (2)同义句转换

His father is ________ several companies. ＝Several companies ________ his father. 他父亲拥有好几家公司。

(3)完成句子

We didn't ________ the car until a few days after the auction. 拍卖会过后几天，我们才真正拿到了那辆汽车。

5．appeal n．吸引力，魅力；上诉

v．呼吁，恳请，求助；吸引；唤起

(1)appeal___ sb. 对某人有吸引力; 向某人提出呼吁

appeal ___sth. 呼吁某事；请求给予

appeal to sb. for sth./to do sth.

(2)____ an appeal to sb.

向某人发出呼吁

The food，especially appeals to health conscious eaters. 这种食物尤其吸引有健康意识的食客。

(3)appealing adj.

有吸引力的；有感染力的

[对应训练]

(1)同义句转换

The inhabitants of the flood affected area in Yuyao________________the government________relief. ＝The inhabitants of the flood affected area in Yuyao____________________the government________relief. 在余姚洪水灾区，居民向政府申请救济。

(2)完成句子

①The police______________the crowd______________panic. 警方向群众呼吁不要惊慌。

②Sport has become an important form of entertainment，________________ men and women. 体育运动已成为一种重要的娱乐形式，吸引着男男女女。

重点短语

1 hold out

伸出手来；坚持下去；维持下去；隐瞒；保密

They held out the hand of friendship to me. ________ The rescue team hoped the men on the boat could hold out till they arrived. ________ She didn’t tell me she had been there; she’s been holding out on me. ________ 2turn away走开；转过身去；不让……进入；拒绝(

同情等)；驱逐；解雇

turn up ____________ turn down _______________ turn off ____________ turn on _____________ turn out _________________ turn in ______________ turn over ____________ turn to__________

[对应训练]

用turn短语的适当形式填空

①Without any further thought，Mark ____________ the power switch.

②When I was in difficulty，she is the only person I can ____________for help.

③He ____________ to be a thief. 2．be associated with与……有联系，与……联系在一起

associate...with... 把……与……联系在一起

associate with sb. 与(尤指他人不赞同的)人交往

in association with 与……合作，与……联合

[对应训练]

完成句子

①Don't ____________ dishonest boys. 不要和不诚实的男孩结交。

②Foreigners always ________________. 外国人总是把中国和长城联系在一起。

③The name of Lenin____________________ The Great October Socialist Revolution. 列宁的名字总是与伟大的十月社会主义革命联系在一起。

3．keep one's eyes on注视，盯着看

keep an eye __照看，照料

have/keep an eye ___ sth. 对某事物有鉴赏力和判断力

shut/close one's eyes___... 对……视而不见

fix one's eyes ___凝视着

catch sb.'s eye 引起某人注意；吸引某人的目光

look sb.___ the eye 直视(正视)某人(一般用于否定句) [对应训练]

完成句子

①All of a sudden something red____________. 突然，一个红色的东西引起了他的注意。

②The little boy lay in bed，________________ the ceiling. 小男孩躺在床上，凝视着天花板。

4．set out 出发；动身；着手做某事(to do sth.)

“着手做某事”的表达法还有：

set out to do sth.＝set about doing sth./get down to doing sth. set off ______________ set up _______________ set down ____________ set aside ________________________ [对应训练]

单句语法填空

Tom and his father set off ________America yesterday，and arrived there this morning.

句型

Then she leapt backwards，back arched and fur on end，tail held out stiffly.

然后它向后一跃，脊背拱起，毛发竖立，尾巴僵直地伸着。

[句式分析]

句中的back arched and fur on end，tail held out stiffly为独立主格结构，相当于伴随状语。

(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随等。

(2)常见的独立主格结构有：

①名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式，跟现在分词时表示“主动进行”；用过去分词表示“被动，完成”；用不定式则表示“即将做……”。

②名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语

③名词/代词＋名词

[对应训练]

________________，you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你，你迟早会成功的。

The new teacher came in，________________. 新老师面带微笑走了进来。

________________，the naughty boy cried for help. 手指受伤了，调皮的男孩哭着求助。

The little boy entered the classroom，______________ hand. 小男孩走进了教室，手里拿着个球。

作伴随状语时独立主格和with的复合结构可以互换。

The man was walking on the street，book under arm.＝The man was walking on the street，with a book under his arm They all left here，with ____________. 工作没做完，他们都走了。

语法

动词的-ing形式作状语

用动词的-ing形式改写下列句子，并体会动词-ing的用法功能

1．When she turned around, she saw an ambulance driving up. _______________________________________________________ 2．When I was walking in the street I met with an old friend of mine. _______________________________________________________ 3．As we didn't know her address, we couldn't get in touch with her. _______________________________________________________ 4．After we had finished the work, we had a rest. _______________________________________________________ 一、动词的-ing形式作状语的句法功能

1．作时间状语

(1)表示时间，多置于句首，也可置于句末。

Hearing the bad news, they couldn't help crying. 当听到这个坏消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。

(2)为强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生，在-ing形式短语前经常用when，while等。

Be careful when climbing a ladder. 爬梯子的时候要当心。

(3)为了强调在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生，在-ing形式短语前加连词before或after。

Before going to America, she studied in Peking University. 在去美国之前，她在北京大学学习。

2．作原因状语

表示原因多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中。

Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address. 因为没听出那个人的声音，他拒绝把自己的地址给他。

3．作条件状语

表示条件，多位于句首，相当于if引导的条件句。

Keeping trying, you'll succeed sooner or later. 一直努力，你总有一天会成功的。

4．作让步状语

(1)表示让步，多位于句首，相当于一个让步状语从句。

Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake. 尽管被告诉过很多次，他仍然犯同样的错误。

(2)为了加强语气，在-ing形式短语前可用though/although表示让步。

Although working from morning till night his father didn't get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚工作，但是还是挣不够吃的。

5．作方式状语

We had an anxious couple of weeks waiting for the results of the experiment. 我们度过了心急如焚的两周，等待着实验结果。

6．作结果状语

表示结果，常置于句末，有时为了强调结果，可在-ing形式短语前加thus。

Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after. 她丈夫十年前去世了，留给她三个孩子需要照顾。

The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay. 公共汽车被暴风雪所阻，因而耽搁了。

7．作伴随状语

He sat in a big armchair, reading a newspaper. 他坐在一把大扶手椅上看报纸。

二、动词的-ing形式作状语的基本原则

1．动词的-ing形式作状语时，-ing形式和句中主语必须有逻辑上的主谓关系，即动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。

2．当动词的-ing形式的主语与句子主语不一致时，我们可以用-ing形式的独立主格结构。独立主格结构是指带有自己逻辑主语的-ing形式结构，可以在句中作时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、伴随状语等，其逻辑主语前也可加上with，其中-ing形式仍表正在进行的动作或主动的动作。

The baby fell from the cradle, blood coming down from his leg.

那婴儿从摇篮里掉出来，血从腿上直往下流。

With his lips still trembling, he couldn't say a word. 由于他的嘴唇仍在打颤，他一句话也说不出。

3．独立成分作状语

有些动词的-ing形式短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。

Generally speaking, ...一般说来，……

Frankly speaking, ...坦白地说，……

Judging from ...根据……来判断

Considering ...考虑到……

用所给动词的适当形式填空

①The students ______________(do) all the exercises，the teacher went on to explain the text.

②She __________(be) absent，the meeting had to be put off.

③The exam ________________ (hold) tomorrow，I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.

④The human body is composed of organs，each __________(have) a definite job to do. ⑤Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way__________(use) the sun and the stars. ⑥The park was full of people，____(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine ⑦________________(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. ⑧__________(not know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice.

⑨________________(bite) by a snake, she was frightened at it.