Reading and vocabulary国家获奖教案

教案

2 Grammar ( Page18, 20, 21) adverbial clauses with –ing （动词的-ing形式做状语）

1. Analyze the function of ving form in each sentence. Writing an English composition is not easy. I suggested asking his brother for some money. The ant queen’s full-time job is laying eggs. He is fond of skiing. China is a developing country. Who is the man talking with your English teacher? I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. Seeing from the top of the hill, we find our hometown beautiful. 动词的-ing形式作状语，用来进一步说明谓语动词的动作或者说明整个句子所表达的概念，其逻辑主语应与主句的主语一致，即分词的动作必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能使用现在分词作状语。在意义上可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果、让步等，这时它相当于一个状语从句。它的位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或句末，有时用逗号分开，有时也不用，一般说来，用作原因，条件时，常位于句首；用作方式、结果、伴随状语时，常位于句末。

一. v.-ing作状语的用法

用作时间状语,相当于when或while引导的从句

Hearing the news, they jumped with great joy. (=When they heard the news, they jumped with great joy.) 听到这个消息，他们高兴得跳了起来。

Turning around (=____________________),she saw an ambulance driving up. 她转过身，看见一辆救护车开了过来。

注意：(1)如果强调分词短语所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，分词短语前可用when 或while等连词。如：

While working in the factory (=While I was working in the factory), I learnt a lot from the workers 我在工厂工作期间，从工人那里学到了很多东西。

When crossing the road (=_____________),look out for cars.过马路时，留心车辆。

(2) 在动词的-ing形式前用on, 表示“一……就……” 。

如

On seeing her, he fell in love with her. 他对她一见钟情。

2. 用作原因状语,相当于as, since, because引导的从句。

Being poor(=________________), she didn’t want to buy the coat she liked.

因为穷，她不想买那件喜欢的外套。

Not knowing the way (=_____________), she asked a policeman . 注意：“现在分词being+名词（形容词）”位于句首，通常是作原因状语。不可以把它用作时间状语。如：

Being a senior middle school student, he must work hard. =Because /as he is a senior middle school student, he must work hard. 3. 用作方式、伴随状语时不能用状语从句替换，但可以改成并列句。

She sat at the desk reading a newspaper(伴随). =She sat at the desk and read a newspaper. He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information. =________________________________________________ 4. 用作条件状语，相当于if, unless引导的从句。

Work hard, and you’ll succeed.

=If you work hard , you’ll succeed.= ____________________________

Turning to the right(=_________________),you’ll find a path leading to his cottage. 翻译：___________________________________________ 5. 表示结果（自然结果）,相当于so, so that等引导的从句。

His parents died, leaving the baby an orphan. The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.(副词thus强调结果) = The bus was held up by the snowstorm, so that it caused the delay. 翻译：____________________________________________ 注意：不定式也可以作结果状语，但表示出乎意料的结果。如：

He hurried to the post office, only to find it was closed.

他急忙跑到邮局，不料却发现已经关门了。

6. 用作让步状语时相当于though, although等引导的从句

Admitting what he said (=_______________), I still think he hasn’t tried his best.

尽管我承认他的话，我还是认为他没有尽全力。

二. 动词-ing形式的否定式

动词-ing形式的否定式通常是在v.-ing 形式前加not.无论在完成形式还是被动形式里，必须置于v.-ing形式之前。如：

Not knowing how to do it, he asked the teacher for advice. Not having finished my work, I am still doing it day and night. Not having been watered for a long time, the flower died. 三、v.-ing的时态和语态

现在分词的时态分为一般式和完成式两种。一般式(主动doing; 被动being done)所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时(或之后)发生。完成式(主动having done;被动having been done)所表示的动作则在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经发生。

He hurried home, looking behind as he went. Having lived in Shanghai for years, I know each part of it very well. The large building being built down the street will be a hospital. 注意：现在分词的完成式一般只作状语。

Having finished the work, I went home happily. Rewrite the underlined part in each sentence, using non-finite verbs ( to do, doing or done). When she was cooking in the kitchen, she burnt her finger. While he worked in the workshop, he made many friends there. After he finished the meal, he turn on TV to watch a cartoon program. Because he was highly praised by the manager, the man worked harder. After we were shown the library. We were taken to visit the lab. If you have another look, you will see the mistake in the sentence. He stood in the shade and waited for his friend. He had an accident and lost his arm. The boy who is running ahead of the other is my classmate.

The bike which are made in the factory are of good quality. 判断正误

1. While reading the book, the telephone rang. 2. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. 注意：动词ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，动词ing 形式表示的动作是次要动作。（一个主语多个动作。）

四、独立成分

(1) 有些分词短语可以作独立成分，用来解释这个句子，不受句子主语的限制。

常见分词短语有：

generally speaking（一般说来）, supposing（假设）, judging from / by （从…判断）…

Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys. Supposing you lose, what will you do? Judging from his accent, he must be from the south. (2) 分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般需与句子的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，有时还可以表示时间、原因或条件。如：

Night coming on(=When night came on), we started for home. So many people being absent (=___________), they decided to put off the meeting. 这么多人没来，他们决定会议延期举行。

如果天气允许的话，我们就步行到那里。______________________________