Grammar and usage(2): Unreal conditions优秀课堂实录

Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气

合作探究一：

1)If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. 2)If I had taken your advice , I wouldn’t have made the mistake. 3)If I had been there, it wouldn’t have happened. 4)If it rained tomorrow, we would not go shopping. 合作探究二：

1)He insisted that I should have a rest. 2)His suggestion that Tom have a rest is accepted. 3)His suggestion is that Tom have a rest. 4)It is suggested that Tom have a rest.

5)The king ordered that the prisoner be killed the next day. 一．虚拟语气的概念：

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、愿望等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等

(在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句) 二．虚拟语气的主要内容

一）．非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气时态一致

2. 错综时间的虚拟句

3倒装句4.含蓄条件句

5. If only 感叹

二）、名词性从句的虚拟语气：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

三）、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式

wish、as if/though、would rather、It’s time …

It’s necessary/strange/natural/important+that从句

三、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法(3种) 条件从句

If 从句的谓语形式

V. + ed (were) 现在

过去

未来

had done 1.V.+ ed. 2.should+V.(原) 3.were to do 主句的谓语形式

would/could/should/might +V(原) would/could/should/ might+have done would/could/should/might +V.(原)

一）

时态一致

1. If I had 5000yuan, I would buy a computer. 与

相反

2. If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.

3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake. 与

相反

4. If he had been there, it wouldn’t have happened.

5.If I had/

time tomorrow, I would certainly help you.

与

相反

6.If he should come tomorrow , I would talk to him about it . 7.If I were to have free time this Friday, I would go to the party. However, I’ll attend a meeting that day. What a pity!

二）错综时间的虚拟句

通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式. 1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。

2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now.

(从句指过去,主句指现在)。

三）虚拟语气在条件从句中

省略

if 的条件从句

当从句中有

were, had(助动词）

或

should

时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。

If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.

→

Were I to meet him tomorrow,…

If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.

→ Should he fail in the experiment…

If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. →Had you come a few…

四）

without, but for，or和otherwise 构成虚拟。

but for要不是，or否则（含蓄条件句）

1.）Without sunlight, there would be no life

on our planet. 2.）But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work. 3.）I was ill that day .Otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词) 4.）He telephoned to inform me of your birthday , or I would have known nothing about it .(连词)

五）If only …要是就好了

1. If only I knew his name! 2. If only we had followed your advice!! 3. If only I saw /

him again! 翻译练习：

要是我们的父母和我们住在一起就好了。

要是我没错过火车就好了！

Exercises: 1. If they ____ (be) here, they __________ (take) your advice. 2. If the world-war _____ (burst) out again, what _____________ (happen) to our people on earth? 3.If he __________ （drive）more carefully, he _________________(not have) the car accident yesterday.

四. 名词性从句的虚拟语气。

主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。

1.

宾语从句。常见动词：

一个坚持：insist 两个命令：order, command

三个建议：advise, suggest, propose 四个要求：demand , require, request, ask

这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词

使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。

翻译练习：

我们建议Tom 去休息一下。

他坚决要求我到场。

国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。

他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作.

注意:insist / suggest 各有两意思，要用不同的语气

①

表“坚决要求”,虚拟, should + do;

insist

②表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。

①表“建议”，虚拟, should + do;

suggest

②表“表明、暗示”

，用陈述语气。

1. The teacher suggested that we ______________

more

after class. （我们课后多练习）

2. The look on her face suggested that she ________happy 3. He insisted that all of us ___________there on time by any means. （我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）

4. He insisted that he _____________ the wallet(没有偷钱包). 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。与从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)＋V. order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire Exercises: 1.It’s suggested that the plan

(被执行、实施) 2.My demand is that she

(应该来) to see me once a week. 3.We are for the advice that the factory

(应该)closed

down.

五. 虚拟语气特殊句型: 1. wish 的宾语从句

现在: 过去时（were）

过去: 过去完成时(had done)

would/could + have done 未来: would/could/+V.

should？

1.

I wish I

as tall as you. 2.

I wish every day

my birthday. 3.

I wish/wished I

eaten so much watermelon. 4.

I wish it

rain tomorrow.

2. As if/though和wish用法相同

1.She loves the baby as if it

her own son.(be）

2. I remembered the whole thing as if it

yesterday.

（happen）

3. They talked as if they

friends for years.（be）

4.He looks as if he

drunk.（be）

3.would rather (that) 现在,将来：用过去时（were）

过去：用过去完成时(had done) 1.

I would rather you

me now.（pay）

2.

I would rather you

, too.（go）

3.

I would rather you

tomorrow.（come）

过去时

4.

It’s (about/high) time +(that)…

should

+V.

1.It’s time that we

（去睡觉）

不可省

.

(Should2.It’s time that we

5. It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause

从句中的动词要用略)

虚拟，即（should）+动词原形

1.It is important that we

a foreign language.(master) 2.It is strange that she

to come to the party.(refuse) 3.It’s necessary that we

hard.(study)

Exercises：

1.

Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London.

A. would have missed

B. had missed

C. would miss

D. missed 2.—It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. —He would be still alive today if he ________ that drug. A.not take

B. hadn’t taken C. didn’t take

D. shouldn’t have taken 3. If only I ___ to my parents! (But I didn’t.)

A. listened

B. had listened

C. should listen

D. would listen 4. Tom suggested that Ann ___ the house.

A. sell

B. sold

C. shall sell

D. would sell 5. I wish this bus ___ to the university. A. go

B. went

C. has gone

D. had gone 6. –

Have you ever been to Beijing?

-- No, but I wish I ___.

A. have

B. will

C. do

D. had 7. I don’t think it is the right time that you __.

A. will go

B. went

C. go

D. must go 8. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ＿＿＿＿.

A. breaks

B. has broken

C. were broken

D. had been broken

课堂检测：

1.语法单句填空

1. If all places________(be) alike, there would be little need for geographers. 2. Everything ______________________(be destroyed) if Albert hadn’t called the firefighter. 3.If it __________(be)for the heavy rain, we _____________________ (climb) the Mount Emei

yesterday. 4. If I ___________________________(be) ten years younger in the future, I ___________ (be) very happy.

2.单句改错

1.

If I were not busy last night, I would have gone to see the film with you.

2. If he drove

more carefully, he wouldn’t have had

the car accident yesterday.

3.If Tom had been more careful in the exam,

he would pass it already.

4.If you got up earlier, you might have caught the first train.

5.If

I meet you yesterday, we could go to the concert together.