4a—4d课堂实录【1】

Starter Unit 1 Good morning! Part 1: Teaching design (第一部分：教学设计) Structures: Letters A-H; Pronunciation of letters A, E

Target language: Good morning, Alice! Good morning, Cindy! Hello, Frank! Hello, Eric! Hi, Cindy! How are you? I’m fine, thanks.

Good afternoon, Eric! Good evening, Alice! Vocabulary:

Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, hi, hello, good, morning, afternoon, evening, fine, OK, thanks

Learning: Listening for key words; Using what you know SECTION A Goals ●

To learn to say the letters Aa to Hh ●

To learn to greet people Procedures Warming up by learning to use the target language:

Good morning, Alice! Good morning, Cindy! Hello, Frank! Hello, Eric! Hi, Cindy! How are you? I’m fine, thanks.

Good afternoon, Eric! Good evening, Alice!

Good morning, class! Good morning, everyone! Today is your first day here as a junior school student. I am your teacher of English. My name is Yang Xiuhui. To greet people we can say Good morning in the morning and Good Afternoon in the afternoon.. We can also say Hi, xxx! How are you? And people may answer

I’m fine, thanks.

Now look at the language target for this unit, and read after me. Warming up by greeting Good morning!

From now on you are in the seventh grade. Congratulations to you and I wish you a great success in your studies! I’ll be your new English teacher this term. I hope we’ll get along very well.

Today we shall take up the first unit in this new term: Starter Unit1Good morning! Look at the pictures, please.

They are greeting each other. Today we’ll get to know some new friends and their English names. Also we shall learn to greet people in English.

1a Listening and repeating Now let’s look at the picture in 1a. Some children are greeting each other in English. Let’s listen to the tape to learn how to greet. First I’ll play the tape, you just listen. Then listen and repeat the conversation.

Tapescript Conversation1 Bob: Good morning, Helen!

Helen: Hi, Bob! Conversation2 Cindy: Good morning, Alice!

Alice: Good morning, Cindy! Conversation3 Dale: Hello, Frank!

Hello, Eric! Frank, Eric: Good morning, Dale. 1c Doing pairwork Let’s listen to the conversation again.

Conversation1 Bob: Good morning, Helen!

Helen: Hi, Bob! Conversation2 Cindy: Good morning, Alice!

Alice: Good morning, Cindy! Conversation3 Dale: Hello, Frank!

Hello, Eric! Frank, Eric: Good morning, Dale. Read the tapescript to underline the expressions. Can you greet each other like this? Now practice greeting each other in pairs. You should use your own names to practice all the different greetings taught in activity 1a.

A: Good morning, B!

B: Hi, A! A: Good morning, B!

B: Good morning, A!

A: Hello, B!

Hello, C! B, C: Good morning, A.

2a Listening and repeating

Let’s look at the letters from Aa—Hh in order.

Please listen and repeat the letters. Pay attention to the pronunciation. A//, B//, C//, D / F//, G / /, H//, E / /, /.

The letters A and E are vowels and that all the rest are consonants. OK. Let’s listen and repeat them.

Tapescript Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh 2b Looking and finding Look at the picture in Part 1a. Please find the capital letters in the picture to match the lower case letters.

Answers: aA, bB, cC, dD, eE, fF, gG, hH 2c Listening and numbering Look at the letters.

h

a

e

g

d

b

c

f They are not arranged in the right order. Now listen to the tape and number the letters in order.

Answers: h. 8

a. 1

e. 5

g. 7

d. 4

b.2

c. 3

f. 6 2d Writing

Please giving attention to the row of capital letters. Now write the small letter for each big letter .You must use the lines in the book. 3 Guessing Have you seen some abbreviations? Do you know what they stand for? Now let’s look at some abbreviations and discuss in groups.

HB

CD

BBC

CCTV

H=hard, B=black CD= compact dics BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation CCTV＝China Central Television Then collect some more abbreviations you know. DEA --- Drug Enforcement Administration 毒品管制局

EC --- European Community 欧洲共同体

EEC --- European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体EFTA --- Economic Free Trade Association 欧洲自由贸易协会

EIB --- European Investment Bank 欧洲投资银行

EMA --- Economic Monetary Agreement 欧洲金融协定

FAO --- Food and Agriculture Organization (联合国)粮农组织FBI --- Federal Bureau of Investigation 联邦调查局

FRB --- Federal Reserve Bank 联邦准备银行

4a Listening and circling Look at the names in the box.

Helen, Bob, Frank, Alice, Cindy, Dale, Eric, Grace You are going to hear the names in the dialogues. Listen to the tape and circle the names.

Tapescript Conversation 1 Dale: Good morning, Helen!

Helen: Good morning, Dale!

Conversation 2 Frank: Good afternoon, Eric!

Eric: Good afternoon, Frank!

Conversation 3 Alice: Good evening, Bob!

Bob: Good evening, Alice! Answers: Helen, Dale, Eric, Frank, Bob, Alice

4b Listening and numbering Look at the pictures in 4b. Can you notice any difference between the pictures in terms of the time of the day in each picture? Let’s listen again and put the correct number of each conversation in the box. The first time, you only listen. The second time, listen and number the pictures. Answers: 2, 1, 3 (from top to bottom) 4c Doing pairwork Give attention to the pictures in activity 4a, please read the sample dialogues in pairs. Then make up your own conversation.

Conversation 1 Dale: Good morning, Helen!

Helen: Good morning, Dale!

Conversation 2 Frank: Good afternoon, Eric!

Eric: Good afternoon, Frank! Conversation 3 Alice: Good evening, Bob!

Bob: Good evening, Alice! Read the tapescript to underline the expressions. Closing down by asking and answering A: Good morning, B.

B: Good morning, A.

A: Good afternoon, B.

B: Good afternoon, A. A: Good evening, B.

B: Good evening, A.

SECTION B Goals ●

To learn and write letters Aa to Hh

●

To learn to identify things and spell the words in English

Procedures

Warming up by asking and answering

Choice 1 Good morning, everyone. Let’s review the letters Aa to Hh learned in Section A. Aa

Bb

Cc

Dd

Ee

Ff

Gg

Hh Choice 2 Good morning, everyone. Let’s review the conversation in Section A in pairs. A: Good morning, B.

B: Good morning, A. A: Good afternoon, B.

B: Good afternoon, A. A: Good evening, B.

B: Good evening, A. 1 Listening and practicing Listen to the conversation first. Then repeat and practice the conversation.

Tapescript Cindy: Good afternoon, Dale!

Dale: Hi, Cindy! How are you? Cindy:

I’m fine, Thanks. How are you?

Dale:

I’m OK. Read the tapescript to underline the useful sentences. Now make a new conversation with your partner. A: Good afternoon, B!

B: Hi, A! How are you? A:

I’m fine, Thanks. How are you?

B:

I’m OK.

2a Looking and choosing

Look at the names in the box.

Helen, Bob, Frank, Alice, Cindy, Dale, Eric, Grace

Please choose one of these English names for yourself. Then write your English name on a card and put it

in front of you on the desk. 2b Doing groupwork Now work in groups of four. Please display your English names in front of yourself. Practice greeting in English using your English names.

Eric: Hi, Helen! How are you?

Helen: Hi, Eric! I’m fine, thanks.

3a Listening and drawing

Look at the letters. Can you say out them? Li Li, please read them. A

B

C

D

E

F

G

E

H

A Good. Now listen to the tape and join the dots’ and form a picture. Then check the answers. Tapescript A

B

C

D

E

F

G

E

H

A 3b Matching

Let’s look at the pictures in 3b. The picture contains both capital and lower case letters from the letters you know. Please look at them carefully and draw lines between the big and small letters.

Answers: A-a, B-b, C-c, D-d, E-e, F-f, G-g, H-h 4 Listening and repeating Listen to the tape and repeat. A

A Dale Grace E

B C D E G evening Frank thanks

F Helen

Can you find the rules about the letters or words? I’ll give you some new words which have the same rule in pronunciation. Try to find the rules of the vowels’ pronunciation. For example:

cake, late, map; he, these, pet, Ted, 5 Listening and singing

T: Do you like singing songs? Do you like listening to English songs? Ss: Yes. T: You are about to hear an English song. Ready? Go!

Good morning! Good morning!

Good afternoon!

Good afternoon!

Good evening!

Good evening!

How are you? I’m fine, thanks.

How are you?

I’m OK.

Then listen and follow the lyrics. How are you?

I’m fine, thanks.

How are you?

I’m OK.

How are you?

I’m fine, thanks.

How are you?

I’m OK.

Good. Next I’ll play the instrumental version of the song. Please sing along with the tune.

Closing down by asking and answering A: Good afternoon, B! B: Hi, A! How are you?

A:

I’m fine, Thanks. How are you?

B:

I’m OK.

SELF CHECK Goals ●To revise the vocabulary ●To revise the target language in this unit Procedures Warming up by making a conversation Please make a conversation in Section B in pairs. A: Good afternoon, B!

B: Hi, A! How are you? A:

I’m fine, Thanks. How are you?

B:

I’m OK.

Then demonstrate your conversation in front of the class. Choice 2 Bring some card to the class, and write some words or letters learned in this unit. Please work in groups of four. And guess the letters your partners write on the card. 1 Reading and checking Read the words and letters. Aa

Bb

Cc

Dd

Ee

Ff

Gg

Hh

Ii

hello

morning

afternoon

evening

fine

OK

thanks

good And tick the words and letters you know. (Be sure the students can pronounce the letters and words

correctly.) 2 Writing Please write five more new words in your vocab-builder. 3 Numbering in order

Please focus your attention onto the pictures. Can you recognize the characters from this unit and call out

their names?

Now please list the names according to alphabetical order. Answers: Alice,

Bob,

Cindy,

Dale,

Eric,

Frank,

Grace,

Helen OK. Please complete the class name list according to alphabetical order.

4. Reading and learning Read the letters and words and try to use the rules to read the new words. A

B A

A Dale Grace Frank thanks

E

B C D E G evening

F Helen

Part 2: Teaching resources (第二部分:教学资源) I. Background readings

age hand he bed

■各种称呼

近年来，许多讲英语的人常常用名宇称呼别人（如：Tom Michael，Linda，Jane等），而不用某某先生、某某太太或某某小姐（如：Mr Summers，

Mrs Howard，Miss Jones等）。这种做法在美国人中尤为普遍，甚至初次见面就用名宇称呼。不仅年龄相近的人之间这样称呼，年龄悬殊的人之间也这样称呼，没有不尊重对方的意思。可以听到孩子叫年长的人Joe，Ben，Helen，等。甚至孩子对父母或祖父母也可以这样称呼。社会地位不同的人也是这样的。例如，许多大学生叫老师的名字。老师们对这种做法并不反感，也不认为学生不尊重自己或过于随便；他们反而认为学生能这样做，正好说明自己待人友好，平易近人。

这当然与中国的习惯完全相反。中国孩子对祖父母，学生对老师，若直呼其名，成年人的反应是可想而知的；孩子会挨一顿骂，甚至会挨几巴掌。

中国人称呼家庭成员、亲戚或邻居时，往往用“二哥”、“三姐”、“四婶”、“周大伯”之类。这些称呼不可用于英语。用英语称呼时不论对男人还是女人，一般直呼其名就行了。主要的例外是：称父母为Dad，Mom，Mum，Mother等，称祖父母为Grandpa，Grandma等，有时称年长的亲戚为Aunt Mary或Uncle Jim（注意：一般用名字，不用姓）。就连对这种亲属关系，美国人也倾向于用名字相称，，不用表示亲属关系的词语。应当指出，Brother Joseph或

Sister Mary之类的称呼只用于天主教团体和某些别的宗教或职业团体。

中国人称呼别人时，有时称此人当时所担任的职务，前面加上他的姓，如“黄局长”、“林经理”、“马校长”之类。但是，很少听到讲英语的人称别人为Bureau Director smith（史密斯局长），Manager Jackson 杰克逊经理），Principal Morris（莫里斯校长）。只有少数职业或职务可用于称呼。如医生或有博士学位的人称

Doctor；有权主持法庭审判的人可称Judge——。州长和市长可称Governor——和

Mayor——，但往往只称Governor或Mayor，省去其名;Professor一词也有类似用法。

应该指出，对军官的称呼在汉英两种语言中也有所不同。在汉语中用姓加职务，如“陈司令”、“郝团长”、“梁排长”等。在英语中则用姓加军衔，不用另加职务，如可以说

Captain Johnson（约翰逊上尉），却不说company Commander Johnson（约翰逊连长）；可以说

Admiral Benjamin（本杰明海军上将），却不说Fleet Commander Benjamin（本杰明舰队司令官）。

汉语作品译成英语时，常常将某些称呼直译成英语词，如把“爷爷”译成Grandpa,“姑姑”译成Annti,“嫂子”译成Sister-in-law，讲英语的人听起来不顺耳，实际上也不完全对应。有些人用英语写中国的事情时，用这些称呼使文字带有中国色彩，这是无可非议的。不过，有些称呼使人为难。例如，如何称呼教师，就一直是个问题，是直接叫Teacher 老师），还是叫Teacher Zhang（张老师）？这两种叫法都不符合英语习惯。称老师为

Comrade（同志）或Comrade Li（李同志），合

适吗？Comrade一词在非社会主义国家不大用。如果让中小学生就按英语习惯，称教师为

Mr Wang（王先生）

Mrs Yang（杨太太）或

Miss Fei（费小姐），中国人又觉得有些刺耳。

再有就是“师傅”、“警察叔叔”、“解放军叔叔”等称呼。把师傅”译成master，就带有“主仆关系”的味道，不是目前汉语“师傅”二字所表达的意思。更难办的是，原来“师傅”只用来称呼老手艺人、工人、厨师、汽车司机等。现在却成了一种很普遍的称呼，不问职业，不分男女，都可以称“师傅”。把“解放军叔叔”译成P．L．A．Uncle，把“警察叔叔”译成Uncle Policeman都不妥。第一，很多外国人不知道P．L．A.代表“中国人民解放军”；第二，在西方，军队和警察与人民的关系不象在中国这样亲密，不明白为什么要称他们为“叔叔”。

还有一种现象也很有趣。英语中没有一个笼统的称呼用来引起陌生人或不知姓名的人注意。汉语则很方便，用“同志”就可以了，现在更时髦的是叫“师傅”。碰到这种情况要用英语时怎么办？这要根据情况而定。按英语习惯，有时可以说

Excuse me，

Pardon me，

I say there（英国英语）等用语，显得比较客气。有时说Hey；或

Here；或

you，there等用语，但不大客气。实际上，人们常常不用任何称呼，不用任何语言，就靠清清嗓子，或随便哼一声，或做个手势，以引起对方注意。

■英语字母溯源

世界上使用人数最多的语言文字，除了汉语外，就是英语了。英语使用的是拉丁字母。拉丁字母是拉丁民族在古代希腊文字的基础上产生并加以改造及演变的。拉丁字母是按照语音记录拉丁语的一种拼音符号。它从A到Z按顺序排列，共有26个书写符号。英语字母表叫Alphabet。

拉丁字母也是起源于图画的一种文字符号。它的源头是复杂的埃及象形字。早期的拉丁字母起源与人类的生活息息相关。它的排列顺序与人们的衣食住行有着紧密的联系。

为什么人们要把字母A排在首位？因为字母A代表着牛。它的象形实际上就是一个牛头。远古时代，牛在人类的生活中是最重要的东西。有了它吃、喝、穿（吃牛肉、喝牛奶、穿牛皮）的东西就都解决了。有了吃、喝、穿的东西，再就是住的问题了。人们用B表示住所。它表示院子或住的房子。字母C表示鞭子，意思是拿着鞭子去放牧。

早期的字母全是大写的，没有小写形式。从公元四世纪到七世纪，安色尔字体开始有了小写字母。随着人类社会的发展，为了适应快速和流畅地书写，有些字母的直线变成了曲线，有些字母被省掉了一些笔画，如字母B被省为b，H被省为h等。为了方便字母之间的区别，有些字母的笔划被拉长，如把D写成d，把Q写成q，把F写成f等。

■书写姿势和方法

1．身体坐正，两脚放平；背脊要直，头稍向前倾，眼和纸面保持一定的距离，不能太近。前臂轻

放桌面，两肘在桌子的边缘之外，胸和桌边保持二、三寸(约一个拳头大)的距离。不良的书写姿势会造成近视、驼背、脊椎弯曲等后果。

2．用拇指和食指轻握笔杆，搁在中指第一节上；食指尖距笔尖一寸左右，不要太近。无名指和小指稍稍弯曲，小指轻触纸面，手腕亦轻放纸面，使手臂能灵活移动。笔杆放在虎口上靠紧食指，方向与右前臂一致，并与纸面成45度角。

3．纸可稍向左斜放，纸的下边与桌面边缘成10度角，不要太斜。左手轻放桌上，按住纸面。

4. 英语字母歌

A像牛头仰得高， B像房子两间靠；

C像骆驼弯着腰， D像门儿摇呀摇；

E像举手平放瞧， F像树杈随风飘；

G像C字也弓腰， H像篱笆堵得妙；

II.Word studies

1.good adj. 1. 好的，美好的；正确的 nice, pleasant; right, not bad: He is a good friend of mine. 他是我的好朋友。2.愉快的 pleasing; that you enjoy: I have a good night (sleep well). 我睡得好。 3.

善良的；亲切 kind; doing what is right: She was very good to the children. 她对孩子们非常慈爱。4.

能胜任的；有能力的，能干的 efficient; competent; able to do satisfactorily; what is required: He's a good farmer. 他是一个有本事（或能干的）的农民。 2.

morning n. 早上，上午

early part of the day; time between sunrise and midday: When I woke up, it was already morning. 我一觉醒来已是早晨了。He reads English for an hour every morning. 他每天早晨读一小时英语。

3. hello int. 哈罗；喂

friendly word that you say when you meet someone or talk on the telephone: Hello, Mr. Cock, I have got some good news for you. 喂，公鸡先生，我给你带来了一些好消息。

4. afternoon n. 下午

time between midday and evening: Good afternoon. （午后见面时用）你好。

5. evening n. 傍晚，晚上

end of the day, between afternoon and night: They spent a pleasant evening here. 他们在这儿度过了一个愉快的晚上。

6. list n. 单子，名单；目录；表

a set of names of things written one after the other: I did not see his name on the list. 我在名单上没有看到他的名字。

vt. 列表；编目录

write things in a list: All the machines are listed in the catalogue. 机器种类均列入目录表内

III. Grammar studies

■Improving Pronunciation - Intonation and Linking

Intonation

Intonation gives us important information about sentences. We say sentences that are statements with a falling intonation. Wh- questions (such as "Where are you going?") also use a falling intonation. We use a rising intonation for yes-no questions (such as "Are you hungry?")

In addition, intonation tells us a lot about a speaker's feelings or state of mind. The question "Where are you going?" usually uses a falling intonation. However, we may use a rising intonation if we are surprised, or if we don't believe what the other person said.

Linking

When non-native speakers' English seems choppy, it may be because they are not linking their words. Native speakers sometimes carry the sound at the end of a word over to the beginning of the next word. For example, "She's a doctor" may sound like "She-zuh doctor." "Does he agree?" may sound like "Duh-zee-yuhgree?"

By understanding the elements of pronunciation--syllables and word stress, intonation, sentence focus, and linking--non-native English speakers can better evaluate their own English pronunciation. And understanding strengths and weaknesses is the first step toward improvement.

■

关于语音的几个概念

1. 基本概念

1) 字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u. 2) 音标：词的语音形式。

3) 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。

4) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand. 5) 元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。

6) 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。

7) 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike；b) 辅音+元音

he, go, hi. 8) 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音

bad, bed, sit, hot, cup；

b)元音+辅音it. 9) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

2．元音：

1) [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling 2) [i] sit, build, miss, myth

3) [e] bed, desk, head,

4) [] bad, land, bank, stamp

5) [A:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt

6) [] hot, want

7) [：] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught

8) [u:] good, who, blue, soup,

9) [u] look, put, women, could

10) [

] cup, come, blood, rough

11) [：

] girl, work, serve, nurse

12) [

] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday

13) [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,

14) [ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye

15) [

] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow

16) [au] house, town

17) [i ] boy, oil

18) [i

] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,

19) [e

] pear, care, there, fair

20) [

] tour, poor, 3．容易混淆的元音

1) [e] [] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land

2) [i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid

3) [e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide

4) [au] [：] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause

5) [au] [

] found fond; gown gone; down don 4．辅音

1) [p] pen,

2) [b] bed, comb

3) [t] tell,

4) [d], day, played, wanted

5) [k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box

6) [g] big, go, guess, language

7) [m] man

8) [n] nine, knife, autumn

9) [] bank, uncle, English, sing,

10) [l] land, world

11) [r] read, write,

12) [f] five, cough, laugh

13) [v] voice, of

14) [] think,

15) [

] this, bathe

16) [s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf

17) [z] zoo, close,

18) [

] sure, she, social, nation

19) [

] pleasure,

20) [h] hot, who, hour

21) [w] wall, what, answer

22) [j] yes

23) [t

] child, teach, catch

24) [] joke, bridge,

25) [ts] boats

26) [dz] goods

27) [tr] tree

28) [dr] dream 5. 容易混淆的辅音

1) [v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well

2) [s] [ ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math

3) [z] [ ] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes

4) [n] [ ] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang

6. 读音规则

1) 重读音节（见元音和辅音的例句）

2) 非重读音节

[ ] banana, student, today, after, [i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday

7. 特殊读音

1) 音的连读：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all 2) 失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme 3) 音的同化：this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it? 8. 重音

1)单词重音

A)双音节词

a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry b)有

a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。

a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss,

im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late

c)有

de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。

'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent

d)有些复合词和带有前缀

re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。

'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war

B)多音节词

a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity, de'mocracy.

b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。

'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated, es'tablishment,

c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。

cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective

d)词尾有

-ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette

2)句子重音

A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重

B) 英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。

C) 实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.