Learning about Language课时教学实录

Book8 Unit3 Inventors and Inventions Period 3

Learning about Language 复习过去分词（作定、表、补）

一、学习目标：

（一）语言知识目标

1. 能够掌握过去分词（作定、表、补）的用法：2. 能够用过去分词（作定、表、补）完成相关练习。

（二）能力目标

通过本节课学习，C层学生能够在文章中感知过去分词（作定、表、补）的基本用法，能完成简单的语法选择；B层同学能掌握过去分词（作定、表、补）的用法，能够正确运用过去分词（作定、表、补）于造句中；

A层同学掌握过去分词（作定、表、补）的各种用法，并能在篇章中准确运用。

（三）情感目标

1.通过学习，更加全面掌握过去分词（作定、表、补）的用法，增加学习的自信心。

2.通过组织小组合作学习及丰富有趣的学习活动，在愉悦的学习环境中学习，增加对英语课堂的热爱。

二、学习重点、难点：

过去分词（作定、表、补）的实际运用

三、学习过程：

（呈现目标——自主学习——合作交流——展示点评——巩固拓展——总结评价）

四、学习方法：

合作交流、讲授法、讲练结合

五、学习内容：

一、【课前热身】

过去分词的特点

1. 过去分词具有动词的性质，可有自己的状语和逻辑主语，某些接双宾语的及物动词还可能有宾语；而在作用上相当于一个形容词或副词，作非谓语时在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语及状语。

He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 他很喜欢那礼服的式样。

2. 过去分词表示被动和完成的动作，但有时也表示模糊的时间概念，而不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成。

Who were the so-called guests invited to your party last night? （表示“完成和被动”）

昨晚被邀请的所谓的客人是谁呀？

二、【用法探究】

过去分词的作用：作定语

过去分词作定语时，如果这个过去分词是一个单词，位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是一个短语，位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。

1. 前位修饰：单独一个过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。

We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多的合格的老师。

2. 后位修饰：分词短语放在被修饰的名词之后。

The girl dressed in red is my daughter. 穿红色衣服的女孩是我女儿。

3. 后位修饰：如果被修饰的词是由some/ any/ no/ every所构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，虽然一个单一的分词作形容词，也要放在被修饰词之后，做后置定语。

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Is there anything unsolved? 有什么没有解决的事吗？

4. 有时为了强调还可将单一的分词置于被修饰名词之后。

They decided to change the material used. 他们决定换掉用过的材料。

过去分词作定语时与定语从句的关系：

1. 及物动词的过去分词可改为动词为被动形式的定语从句。

lost time →

time which is lost 失去的时间a well-known writer →

a writer who is well known 著名的作家

2. 部分不及物动词的过去分词作定语时可改为动词为完成式或动词为表示状态的定语从句。

a returned soldier →

a soldier who has returned 返乡的士兵（return表示“返回”，是不及物动词）

注意：

1. 过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。

The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.

他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。

2. 表示人的情感的一类过去分词，如frightened，经常用来修饰人，但是当修饰人的表情等与人有关的事物时，也可以用过去分词，与现在分词有区别：

1）现在分词（动词-ing形式）表示事物的性质、特点或状态；

2）过去分词表示人的感觉。

The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。

（“感到满意”反映在脸上的表情）

His frightening face scared me to death. 他那张令人恐惧的脸差点把我吓死。

（他的脸的特点是“让人恐惧的”，可能经历过烧伤等）

重点记忆：

表示“使某人产生某种情感”的动词，如tire, disappoint, satisfy, terrify, interest, frighten, worry, excite, surprise, please, puzzle, alarm等这类动词的现在分词常说明事物的性质，表示“令人.....”；其过去分词经常描述人的感觉，表示“感到......”。但是修饰look，expression等词时，一般用过去分词表示某种情感在人的表情上的反应。

3. 作定语时，不定式表示将来，-ing形式表示正在进行。

a problem to be discussed next Monday 下周一要讨论的问题

a problem being discussed now 现在正讨论的问题

a problem discussed last night 昨晚讨论过的问题

（having been discussed只作状语，动词-ing的完成式不作限制性定语）

过去分词的作用：作表语

1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。

Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。

2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。

Spring is gone and summer is come. 春天去了，夏天到了。

3. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：

过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。

The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作）

The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。（过去分词作表语，指图书馆现在的状态）

4.

在“过去分词作定语”中我们提到了“使某人产生某种情感”的一类动词，如

interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等，它们的现在分词和过去分词作表语时的区别与作定语时相同：

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说明主语的特点时，多用现在分词，而描述主语的感觉时用过去分词。

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The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。

过去分词的作用：作宾语补足语

1. 过去分词与句子的宾语是被动关系，它所表示的动作往往已经完成。

2. 过去分词可以在下列词后作宾语补足语：

1）感官动词，如see, hear, notice, watch, find, feel等；2）使役动词，如get, have, make，leave, keep等；

3）表示想法、希望和要求的动词，如consider，wish, want, like, order等。

Entering the room, I found the windows painted. 进了房间，我发现窗户粉刷过了。

3. 当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词成为主语补足语。如：

One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。

要注意的三个句型

1. have sth. done

表示动作由他人完成或主语经历某事。

He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。（自己的经历）注意：

have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

have sb./sth. doing sth. 让某人/物一直做某事，（否定句中）忍受某人做某事

Jim often has his father help him with his homework. 吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。

They had the tractor working all the time.

他们让拖拉机一直工作着。

We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that.

我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。

2.“with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构

1. 此结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。2. 此结构常作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语和定语。3. 此结构也可用不定式和动词-ing形式代替过去分词，不定式表示将来，-ing形式表示正在进行。

The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。

She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。

With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow. 明天有这个男孩领路，我们会很容易地找到那所房子。

She fell asleep with the light burning. 她开着灯睡着了。

注意：without也有此用法。

Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat. 食橱里什么也没有剩下，她出去买点吃的东西。

三、【实战练习】

（

A ）1. So far nobody has claimed the money _______ in the library.

A. discovered

B. to be discovered

C. discovering

D. having discovered （

B

）2. In April, thousands of holiday -makers remained _______ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.

A. sticking

B. stuck

C. to be stuck

D. to have stuck （

C

）3. With the government’s aid,

those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.

A. affect

B. affecting

C. affected

D. were affected

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（

A

）4. The manager，_______ his factory’s products were poor in quality，decided to give his workers further training．

A．knowing

B．known

C．to know

D．being known （

A

）5．As we joined the big crowd I got _________ from my friends.

A. separated

B. spared

C. lost

D. missed （

D

）6. The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.

A. to work

B. working

C. to have worked

D. having worked （

C

）7. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _____as the plane was making a landing.

A. seat

B. seating

C. seated

D. to be seating （

B

）8. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses ________vacation to China.

A. paying

B. paid

C. to be paid

D. being paid （

B

）9. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ________.

A．to spend

B．spent

C．being spent

D．spending （

B

）10. The manager, ______ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.

A．who has made

B．having made

C．made

D．making 四、【课外作业】

1.完成练习册P40练习 2.完成下列自我检测题

（

C

）11. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.

A. to be completed

B. having been completed

C. completed

D. being completed （

C

）12. —How did Bob do in the exams this time? —Well, his father seems _______ with his results. A. pleasing

B. please

C. pleased

D. to please （

B

）13. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _______ against your face. A. moved

B. moving

C. moves

D. to move （

C

）14. There seemed to be nothing ______to do but ______for the doctor. A. leave; send

B. left; to send

C. left; send

D. leaving; send （

B

）15. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ______ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well ______ care of in the nursery. A. looked; taken

B. looking; taken

C. looked; took

D. looking; taking （

B

）16. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell

B. smelling

C. smelt

D. to be smelt （

C

）17. Everyone

was ________ by his _______ progress which he made during the two months.

A. surprised; surprise

B. surprised; surprised

C. surprised; surprising

D. surprising; surprising

（

D ）18. When he turned around, he found a pair of eyes _________ him.

A. looking

B. watch at

C. fixing on

D. staring at

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（

C

）19. Steven has devoted all his life to _______ films, and Kate, his wife, is also ________ to the duty of her profession.

A. make; devoted

B. making; devoting

C. making; devoted

D. make; devoting （

D

）20. The film, ________ true story of this Red Army general, attracted people’s interest all over the country.

A. is based on

B. is on the base of

C. which is the base of

D. based upon

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