Learning about Language板书设计

Ⅰ

阅读理解

A

If a city wants to hold the Olympics, it must submit a proposal to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated(淘汰)，the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically, the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city’s time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the U．S.A. or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours. Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee—not the IOC or the NOC of the host city’s country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入)，and corporate sponsorships, tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have gained amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. If the financial gains from the Games are less than expected, the city will be left with large debts. 【解题导语】

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了申办奥运会的流程。

1．________will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC.

A．A city that submits a proposal

B．A majority winner in voting

C．A city that has perfect time zone

D．One that hasn’t hosted the Games

B

解析：细节理解题。第一段主要介绍了产生主办城市的规则，根据第一段第二、三句可知，在所有提案提交后，国际奥委会投票。如果没有得票最少的城市被淘汰，则投票继续，直到确定主办城市。据此可知，得票数最多的城市由国际奥委会确定为奥运会主办城市，故B项正确。

2．If the Games take place in Canada, American television networks________．

A．will not pay for the Canadian television networks

B．will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events

C．can’t broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours

D．are willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights

D

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，奥运会无论在美国或者加拿大何时举办，美国电视网络都愿意为电视转播权支付特别高的费用，因为他们可以在最佳观看时间直播受欢迎的(体育)赛事，故D项正确。

3．According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．The host city must be left with large debts.

B．There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games.

C．The city may gain a lot of money.

D．It is impossible that the host city couldn’t make money.

C

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，主办城市能获得奥运会电视转播、企业赞助等收入，故主办城市可能会获得许多资金，故C项正确。

4．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

A．Winner or Loser

B．Applying for Host for the Olympics

C．How to Host the Olympic Games

D．The Olympic Games

B

解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了申办奥运会的流程：先向国际奥委会提交提案，国际奥委会根据规则和实际情况投票选择主办城市，一旦确定主办城市，则该城市应积极准备。故B项最适合作本文的标题。

B

If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life, the new research may come as a shock. According to a recent scientific study, people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all. Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1，000 joggers and non­joggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers.The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(动脉). Over time，this can cause serious injuries. Peter Schnohr, a researcher in Copenhagen, said，“If your goal is to decrease risk of death

and improve life expectancy, jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy. Anything more is not just unnecessary, and it may be harmful.”

The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi, yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than“iron man”events, triathlons and long­distance running and cycling. According to Jacob Louis Marott, another researcher involved in the study，“You don’t actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health. And perhaps you shouldn’t actually do too much.”

【解题导语】

本文是一篇新闻报道。研究发现，运动过量和从不运动的人都有面临死亡的可能，因此适量的运动才有助于人们的健康。

5．The underlined word “strenuous”

in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”．

A．hard C．practical B．regular D．flexible A

解析：词义猜测题。根据文中第一段第一句以及as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all可知，运动过量的人与不做锻炼的人都有死亡的可能。故推知该词指“过量的”。

6．The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to ________．

A．suggest giving up jogging B．show risks of doing sports C．provide supportive evidence D．introduce the research process C

解析：推理判断题。文中第二段列举的数据旨在证明作者在第一段提出的观点。故选C项。

7．According to the scientists, why is too much exercise harmful? A．It may injure the heart and arteries. B．It can make the heart tired out. C．It will bring much pressure. D．It consumes too much energy. A

解析：细节理解题。根据文中第二段最后两句可知，科学家认为，运动过量会导致人们心脏以及动脉的变化，继而带来严重的伤害。

8．What can be inferred from the text? A．No exercise at all is the best choice. B．More exercise means a healthier life. C．Marathons runners are least likely to die. D．Proper exercise contributes to good health.

D

解析：推理判断题。根据文中最后一段可知，适量的运动有助于人们的健康。

C

In 1905, Anna Jarvis began a campaign to convince lawmakers to choose a special day to honor America’s mothers. Many individual states began celebrating Mother’s Day in 1911. However, it was not until 1914 that President Woodrow Wilson finally managed to persuade the U．S. Congress to set aside the second Sunday of May to honor moms. The former U．S. President announced it as a day to publicly express our love and respect for the mothers of the country. Little did he know that Americans would agree with his wishes by changing Mother’s

Day into the third biggest customer spending event of the year—right after winter holidays and the back-to-school season. This year, Americans expect to spend $21.4 billion，or about $172.22 per person. This is slightly higher than last year’s record of $21.2 billion and is almost a 60% increase in spending since 2009. So what do we spend all the money on? According to a survey carried out by the National Retail Foundation, a large amount of the money will be spent on jewelry ($4.2 billion), meals, and other outdoor activities ($4.1 billion)．Flowers, accessories, and electronics(电子设备) are the next favorite gift choices, with about $2 billion spent on each. CDs, personal services like spa days，and housewares(家庭用品) are some of the other gifts that moms receive from their loved ones on this special day. Not sure what to get for Mom? A recent survey made by Offers.com showed that mothers prefer gifts that are personal. This means that you do not have to spend a large sum of money to make your mom happy. A handmade card or a photo of a special memory you shared with her will do the trick. What’s more, set aside all your electronics and spend the day just laughing with your mom. Besides making her day, it will also be fun! 【解题导语】

母亲节是我们公开表达对母亲的爱的节日，本文介绍了母亲节的由来以及美国人庆祝母亲节的方式。

9．Who set up Mother’s Day as a national holiday in America? A．Anna Jarvis. B．The former U．S. President. C．The U．S. Congress. D．Woodrow Wilson. C

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的Woodrow Wilson finally managed to persuade the U．S. Congress to set aside the second Sunday of May to honor moms可知，最终是由美国国会将母亲节设立为一个全国性的节日。

10．What can we infer about Mother’s Day in America? A．It is the third most important holiday in America.

B．Business people especially welcome the holiday. C．This holiday is only popular among young Americans. D．Americans like making gifts for moms better on this day. B

解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，美国人每年在母亲节都花大量的钱为母亲买东西，所以商人们自然非常期待母亲节的到来。

11．What are people most expected to do on Mother’s Day? A．Buy gifts for moms. B．Prepare a surprise for moms. C．Take moms to shopping centers. D．Enjoy staying together with moms. D

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的set aside all your electronics and spend the day just laughing with your mom可知，全身心的陪伴母亲一天会是一件相当不错的事情。

Ⅱ

七选五

Getting out into the great outdoors is an even better idea than you think.1.________It also creates some wonderful summer memories for your family. Need more convincing evidence? There are some benefits of camping as a family, including how it’s great for your health. It’s good exercise. Let’s not forget the most obvious benefit of camping.2.________Even if you’re taking a fishing trip, you’re burning more calories than you’ll burn sitting indoors. And if you hike or bike, you’re performing cardiovascular(心血管的) exercise that will help keep your heart and lungs healthy. 3．________ You’ve probably tried unplugging the TV at home, but short of throwing it out of the window, because kids are going to watch more than we want them to. Out in the wild, there is no television. You’ll watch nature together, go exploring, and have that one­on­one attention you need as a family. It is a good way to truly connect with nature. Too often we take nature for granted. In fact, spending a few days in nature with the family will teach your kids things they may have never known before.4.________ However, in the wild they will learn how to build a fire, catch fish, see animal habitats, and all the natural architecture nature offers. You have no stress after the camping. Vacations can be stressful. Sometimes when you get home from vacations, you need another rest for your last vacation.5.________ You’ll get home feeling energetic. It’s even better than a cup of coffee. A．You can stay away from TV. B．They may know how to work an iPad. C．You’ll meet new challenges each time. D．Sure, it saves some money if you stay in a camper.

E．You’re spending a lot of time performing physical activities. F．Many campers report better sleep cycles when they return from a trip. G．But once you settle into camping with your family, the stress of every day will disappear. 【解题导语】

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了和家人一起进行户外活动的好处。

1．D

解析：上文说走出去到户外比你想象的还要好，下文说它也能为你的家人创造一些美好的夏日回忆。D项“如果你待在一个野营车里，这当然会为你节省钱”符合语境，且下文的“camping”也是指示，故选D。

2．E

解析：本段的主题为“它是很好的锻炼”，而E项“你正在花费很多时间进行体育锻炼”是对下文具体内容的概括，符合语境，故选E。

3．A

解析：空处是段落主题句。本段主要讲到户外活动可以使你和家人远离电视，而A项“你能远离电视”概括准确，符合语境，故选A。

4．B

解析：上文说“事实上和家人一起在大自然中度过几天会教会你的孩子他们之前可能不知道的事情”，再结合空后一句可知，空处应讲孩子在室内会的事情，B项“他们可能会操作iPad”，空处前后形成语义上的衔接，故选B。

5．G

解析：本段的主题是露营后你会没有压力，且根据本段中的描述可知，G项“但是，一旦你适应和家人一起露营，每天的压力就会消失”符合语境，故选G。