Learning about Language板书设计及意图

常考时态教案

庆来学校

施丽芳

动词的时态

适用学科

教材来源

知识点

教学目标

教学重点

教学难点

英语

人教版高中英语选修十

动词的八种常考时态

复习巩固动词的八种常考时态

动词时态的构成，用法及高考考点

一般过去时，过去完成时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时的用法区别

适用年级

课时时长（分钟）

高中三年级

40

教学过程

一、复习预习

时态的分类

一般时

进行时

完成时

完成进行时

过去 √

√

√

现在

√

√

√

√

将来

√

备注

常考时态还有过去将来时，同时注意一般过去时和过去完成时及现在完成时的异同

二、知识讲解

1. 一般现在时

用法：

A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。

B) 习惯用语。

C) 经常性、习惯性动作。

D) 客观事实和普遍真理。

Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。

Every coin has two sides.

任何事物都有两面性。

For a man, the longest distance in his life is from dependent to independent. 对一个人来说，人生中最长距离是从以来到独立。

E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词

）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。

The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。）

How often does this shuttle bus run?

（这班车多久一趟？）

F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情

时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, etc. 1

常考时态教案

庆来学校

施丽芳

基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词

否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

2. 一般过去时

用法：

A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。通常都是表示与现在无关的动作。

B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的 就是过去时。

He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。）

At that time he would often go traveling with his friends. 注：used to表示“过去常常而现在没有”的一个动作；

He used to be lazy. (表示他现在已经不懒惰了) When he was young, his father would take him to park if he did well in his job. (现在可能还会这样)

时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1999, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词

否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。

注：生活中的一般过去时句子特别多，e.g. I am sorry I didn’t know you are Mr. John.

Oh, it is 5! I had no idea it is so late. I am sorry I was on your way. He is not what he was.

3.

一般将来时：

概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

基本结构：

①am/is/are/going to + do；表示按计划的一个动作

I am going to Beijing.

Look at the cloud! It is going to rain. ②will/shall + do.表示主观意愿的动作或者一个按规矩

We will go there if you come tomorrow.

You shall take a rest if you finish the job on time. ③be to do表示按计划或安排要做的事。

The Queen is to visit Japan in a week’s time.女王将于一周后访问日本。

④ be about to

马上……

2

常考时态教案

庆来学校

施丽芳

⑤现在进行时表将来。A wolf is coming!

否定形式：

①was/were + not;

②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。

4. 现在进行时(am/is/are doing) 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.

基本结构：am/is/are + doing

What are you doing now? 否定形式：am/is/are + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

5. 过去进行时：

用法：

A)

表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。

e.g. Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.（10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。）

B)

如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。

e.g.：What were you doing when the accident happened?

时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

基本结构：was/were + doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing.

一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。

注：过去进行时表示的动作都是在过去某一时间点正在发生。

6. 现在完成时(have done) 用法：

A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。

B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常有

①since加一个过去的时间点

He has been for 10 years since he came here. ②by加一个现在时间,e.g. by now

③in the past+ 一段时间

Our town has changed a lot since the new policy was carried out. ④so far，recently, lately

So far, we have got nothing about this case. ⑤一些句子，只要表示“最…，更…，第…次”意思且没有表示过去意义的词语的时候常用现在完成时。

This is the first time that I have been here. 3

常考时态教案

庆来学校

施丽芳

I have never seen a better bike as this one.

This is the most useful book I have ever read.

基本结构：have/has + done

否定形式：have/has + not +d one

一般疑问句：have或has

7. 过去完成时(had done)

概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”，即可表示为“动作在过去某一时间点之前发生”

时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

基本结构：had + done

否定形式：had + not + done

一般疑问句：had放于句首

注：It is the first time that+现在完成时

It was the first time that+过去完成时

It is (high) time that+一般过去时（是该做……时候了）

It was (high) time that+一过去完成时（当时是该做……时候了）

8. 现在完成进行时(have been doing) 用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。

e.g.We have been working on this project for over a month now. （到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。）

Stop working! You have been working for 3 hours. Stop to have a rest! You have been working for 3 hours.

注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。

三. 考点及易错点

1.

考点/易错点 1一般过去时和现在完成时的比较

1)

用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。

例如：She has cleaned the room. It’s very clean now.

(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状有关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s...这样的一般现在时。)

2)

汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。

例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday. (你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天4

常考时态教案

庆来学校

施丽芳

看的。) 不能说：When have you seen that film? I have seen it yesterday.

2.

考点/易错点2 一般过去时和过去完成时的区别

一般过去时

表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when,

注意：

1）used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。

be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于

He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 2）在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。

He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise

过去完成时

表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用

( before, after, by, up till )

There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had finished the book. They finished earlier than we had expected. 1）用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装）

2）表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。

That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. It was 3 years since we had parted。

3）动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。

I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see you but I was too busy.

3.

考点/易错点3 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别

怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。

（1）现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如：

Be careful! John has been painting the door．（a）

John has painted the door．（b）

（a）句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过，现在油漆还未干，所以你要小心。（b）句则无此含义，油漆可能已干了。

（2）现在完成进行时有时有延续性，现在完成时往往没有。如：

They have been widening the road．（a）

They have widened the road．（b）

（a）句的意思是他们在加宽马路，但尚未完工。（b）句的意思则是已完工了。有5

常考时态教案

庆来学校

施丽芳

时现在完成时有延续性（如一些属于持续体的动词），但无临时性质。如：

（3）但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质，如：

My moth! er has been teaching English for twenty years．（a）

My mother has taught English for twenty years.（b）

（a）句在此并无临时性质，但较口语化。（b）句则较为正式。又，（a）句表示动作现在仍在继续．并将延续下去，（b）句的动作是否延续下去，须由上下文决定，但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。

（4）现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如：

Have you been meeting her lately？（a）

Have you met her lately？（b）

（a）句有“经常相会”之意，（b）句则没有。（b）句如与often，every day等时间状语连用，当然也表示动作在重复。

（5）现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如：

What have you been doing？（a）

What have you done？（b）

（a）

句表示惊异。（b）句只是一个问题。

课程小结

1.

一般现在时

主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句

子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；

表示客观规律和永恒真理等。

He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.

She has a brother who lives in New York.

The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，

从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.

只要他努力工作，

我不介意他什么时候做完试验。

考点四：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时。

The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时

表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。

We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble.

6

常考时态教案

庆来学校

施丽芳

考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。

Look out when you are crossing the street.

Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：

表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。

Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时

表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：

考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点

They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days,

Has it stopped raining yet ?

考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。

in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等

考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在

“It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词

＋that” 后面跟现在完成时。

This is my first time that I have visited China.

This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written. 4．一般过去时

表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意：

考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。

be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于

He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。

He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise

4.

过去进行时

表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。

The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. What were you doing at nine last night? 5.

过去完成时

表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用

( before, after, by, up till )

There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had finished the book. They finished earlier than we had expected. 考点一：用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句7

常考时态教案

庆来学校

施丽芳

用一般过去时。

I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装）

考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。

That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. It was 3 years since we had parted。

考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。

I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see you but I was too busy. 6.

一般将来时

表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008. 考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes. （主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）

考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。

I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 考点三：“祈使句

+ and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way. 考点四：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。

“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。

“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。They are to be married in this May. 7.

将来完成时

表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。

考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。

By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。

The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.

课后作业

完成练习

8