Grammar教案推荐

Module 4 A Social Survey- My Neighbourhood教学设计

Grammar

Teaching Aims and Demands: 语言知识目标：

1. Present perfect tense used for recent events . They’re put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently.

2. Present perfect tense used for experiences.

I’ve seen quite a lot of China.

3. Present perfect tense used with word that cannot last

We’ve started a holiday club for children.

语言技能目标：

Learning to use

“and” & “but”

Step 1: Learning Grammar -- The present perfect tense -

（As this grammar has been learned by students, so the teacher can ask student to present some usages of the present perfect tense. Then collect these usages.）

Warming up ：

Turn to page 34 , read and do the exercises. 1) Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions. 2) Complete these sentences in Exercise 2. Use either the past simple tense or the present perfect tense. Say the differences between them.

Summary about the present perfect tense：

The action happened in the past, but has much effect or cause certain result to today. 1.To denote continuous action or state (表持续的动作或状态,常和since或for引导的短语连用).

e.g. I have lived here for more than thirty years.

I have been here since last October. 2.To denote the past repeated action (表过去重复的动作,常和always ,often ,many times, every day等时间状语连用). e.g. My father has always gone to work by bike.

(我父亲一向是骑车上班)

It has rained every day this week.

(这个星期天天下雨)

3.To denote the future

(表将来, 尤用在时间状语从句中) e.g. We are going after we have had breakfast.

I will wait until he has written his letter.

It is used with “ just, recently, before, never ,always, often ,already, in the past ,so far, up to now, till now” and so on.

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别主要体现在以下几个方面

①

时间状语不同

一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用（表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态）。

We visited Beijing last summer. (last summer为具体的过去时间,因此用一般过去时) 现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语或无时间状语（表示从过去开始持续到现在的第

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动作或状态）连用。

The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.( in the past few years为模糊的时间)

②与现在的联系不同

一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有联系。

I read the novel last week. 我上星期看了这部小说。

(只说明上星期看过这部小说,不涉及现在的情况) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

I have read the novel.我看过这部小说。

(强调对现在的影响,即我了解这部小说的内容) ③与时间段连用的不同

一般过去时与一段时间状语连用表示动作没有持续到现在。

He lived here for 6 years when he was young. (他现在不住在这里了)

现在完成时与一段时间状语连用表示动作持续了现在。

He has lived here since 1985. (他现在还住在这里)

④与相似状语连用的区别

一般过去时

in the past“在过去”可以作一般过去时的时间状语

Women were looked down upon in the past. 过去妇女被瞧不起。

现在完成时

in/during/over the past/last few years“在过去的几年里”为现在完成时的时间状语

China has experienced great changes in the past few years.在过去的几年里,中国经历了巨大的变化。

Step2 ：Practice：

Choose the best answer: 1) --- The window is dirty. --- I know. It

____ for weeks. A. hasn’t cleaned

B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned

D. hasn’t been cleaned

2) The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ____ increased enormously ever since.

A. had considered

B. has been considering

C. considered

D. is going to consider 3) More patients ____ in hospital this year than last year.

A. treated

B. have treated

C. had been treated

D. have been treated

4) --- We have not heard from Jane for a long time.

--- What do you suppose ____ her?

A. happened to

B. has happened to 第

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C. will happen

D. was happened to 5) --- What a hot day!

--- We ____ such hot weather for almost ten days.

A. have been having

B. have had

C. are having

D. had had 6) We ______ our new neighbours yet, so we don’t know their names.

A. don’t meet

B. won’t meet

C. haven’t met

D. hadn’t met

7) The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I _____ before.

A. was having

B. have

C. have ever had

D. had ever had 8) He

_____

more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.

A. has learned

B. would have learned

C. learned

D. had learned 9) They had been working on the program for almost one weeks before I joined them, and now we _____on it as no good results _____ so far.

A. are still working , come out

B. were still working , come out

C. have worked , have come out

D. are still working ,have come out

10) Let’s keep to the point or we ____ any decisions.

A. will never reach

B. have never reached

C. never reach

D. never reached ( Keys : 1.D

2.B

3.D

4.B.

5.B

6.C

7. C

8. D

9. D

10. A ) 2.Translate the following into English by using the present perfect tense. 1) 有人把窗户打破了。

2) 他到过许多国家。

3) 自从我来到这所学校，她一直教我。

4) 我有三个月没买过任何东西。

5) 雨还没有停，你怎么能走呢？

6) 他们晚饭后经常下棋。

7) 直至近日，他将此书藏在一个神秘的地方。

8) 我们过不了河，因为河水涨了。

9) 他们晚饭后经常下棋。

Keys：

Someone has broken the window. He has been to many countries. She has been teaching me since I came to this school.

I haven’t bought anything for three months.

How can you go before the rain has stopped ?

6) They often play chess after they have had supper. 7) Until recently he has hidden the book in a secret place. 8) We cannot cross the river because the water has risen. 9) They often play chess after they have had supper. Step 3: Homework

1.

Review the grammar. 第

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2.

2Do some exercises about the tenses of verbs.

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