Grammar第一课时教学实录

The Attributive Clause

一．

⑴定义：在复合句中，修饰某一个名词或代词的从句

⑵定语从句常用关系代词和关系副词引导

关系代词：that

which

who (宾格whom,

所有格whose) 关系副词：where

when

why ⑶关系代词和关系副词的功能：

①引导一个定语从句

②在从句中代替先行词

③在定语从句中担任某一句子成分

二．

关系代词的用法

先行词

主格

宾格

所有格

人

who

whom

whose 物

that/which

that/ which

whose/ of which 1. 当先行词是人时的三种情况

⑴

从句中缺主语

→

who/ that引导

I have a friend who/that likes listening to classic music The girl who/that is reading in the classroom is my sister

⑵

从句中缺动词宾语和介词宾语

→

whom/that引导,这时whom/that可以省略.*介词后只能用whom,不能用that，这时介词后的whom不能省略

The boy is the man (whom/ that) they are looking for.

He is the student (whom/ that) you want to see

The man with whom he is talking is my brother.

⑶

从句中缺定语时

→

whose

She is the student whose pronunciation is the best.

Do you know the boy whose parents are on holiday?

2. 先行词是物时的三种情况

⑴

从句中缺主语时

→

that/which引导

They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water

他们种了一些不需要太多水的树

You’d better not drink water which/that has not been boiled

你最好不要喝没开的水

⑵

从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语时

→

that/which引导。

*介词后不用that，只能用which

This is the house (which/that) once Lu Xun lived in

This is the house in which once Lu Xun lived. ⑶

从句中缺定语时

→

用whose或

the + N + of which的结构

We study in the classroom whose door (=the door of which) faces south. 我们在那个门朝南开的教室里学习

三．关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词

when (指时间) where (指地点) why (指原因)

例

句

⑴

1949 is the year when the P.R.C was founded ⑵

I still remember the day when I first came to the school ⑴

This is the school where he teaches

⑵

The factory where his father works is in the city ⑴

This is the reason why he was late for school

⑵There are several reasons why he was late for school

注：1) that和which在从句中作主语时，不能省略；作宾语时可以省略，whom也可省略. 2) 关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面；介词后只能用which The city that she lives in is very far away

The city in which she lives is very far away 3)关系代词whose还可以在从句中与他所修饰的词一起做介词宾语

The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person 四．定语从句中只用that不用which的情况

⑴先行词是不定代词：all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing, something, none, no one, some等

Tell me all

that

you know about it. 告诉我你所知道的一切

Everything that he said is very important他所讲的一切都很重要

⑵先行词被the same, the last, the very（恰好，正是）, the only, the right, one of, all, every, no, some, little, few, much, any等所修饰时

The only thing that he remembers is her name. This is the very book that l am looking for

I have read all books that you lent to me.

⑶先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时

This is the first lecture that Miss Gao gives us

This is the best film that I have ever seen so far.

⑷先行词即有人又有物时

They talked about the teachers and the things (that) they remembered in the school

⑸

time, way, moment 作先行词时用that。that可以省略

This is the first time (that) I have been to China

At that moment (that) the bell ring, we have finished our task

⑹

先行词为数词

There are many books. But I just want to buy two that I like most. ⑺

在who, what, which提问的特殊疑问句中，引导词用that Who is the man that is standing under the tree?

五．非限制性定语从句

从句与先行词的关系

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

从句是先行词不可缺少的定从句只是对先行词的附加说语，如果省去，主句的意思就明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然Mary Smith，who 会不完整或不明确。The girl 清楚或完整.

who stood in the corner is in the corner， wants to just now is my younger meet you．（玛丽·史密斯在sister．（刚才站在角落里的那个角落里，她想见你。）例那个姑娘是我的妹妹）定语从句已经表明主语是谁，定语从句只不过是补充说明一点情况而已。若句指明作为主语的“姑娘”不去掉从句，句子意思仍然完整。

是任何一个，而是在角落的那个。如果去掉定语从句，表达

的意思就不明确。

从句和主句之间不用逗号分开

从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开

从句只修饰一个名词或代词

可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句

定语从句译在被修饰词的前面

定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子

标 点

修饰

翻译

2. 关系代名词非限定用法

主格

所有格

宾格

人

..., who... …, whose…

…, whom…

物

…, which…

…, whose…

…, which…

I, who am a teacher, can speak English Mr. Li, whose wife teaches singing, is a teacher of piano He has five brothers, three of whom are now studying in the USA He has to work on Sundays, which he does not like He suddenly became ill, which prevented him form going to school Soon they arrived at a small house, in front of which sat a small boy. My glasses, without which I can’t work, fell to the ground and broke. I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable．

3. 非限制定语从句也可由where或when引起

We will put off the meeting until next week, when we will not be so busy Chongqing, where I was born, is very beautiful.