Using LanguageⅡ优秀教学设计

高考英语专题讲练测讲义集：专题8 定语从句试题

【考情分析】

高考研究定语从句是英语三大类从句中最难的一类，其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词，不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。因此在学习定语从句时，务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。预测今后高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查。

◆英语谚语欣赏

1. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for –nothing.不懂装懂，一事无成.

2. It’s the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下

3. He who makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼. 4.He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉

一﹑概念

1.定语从句：通常是指在复合句中，用来修饰或限制某一名词或代词的从句，其作用相当于形容词。

2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰和限制的名词或代词称之为先行词。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。

The number of people who/that lost homes reached 250,000. It sounded like a train which/that was going under the house 3.关系词：引导定语从句的词。

(1)关系词分类和基本用法：表一

分类

指代

引导词

功能

人

关系代词

事物

地点

关系副词

时间

原因

who, whom, that, as which, that, as where when why 做状语

做主语、宾语、表语

作定语

人或物（表所属关系） whose

(2)关系词的作用

①连接作用：连接主句与从句

②成分作用：在定语从句中充当一个成分，如主语﹑宾语﹑定语﹑状语等。

③替代作用：代替先行词即某一名词﹑代词或一句话的内容。

He has two sons who work in the same company.他有两个儿子在同一家公司上班。

He has two sons，who work in the same company.他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。

My brother who works in the hospital often looks after the patients carefully.我在医院工作的哥哥经常细心照看病人。

(3)定语从句中关系词的确定：

第一找出先行词；

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；

第三选择合适的关系词。

二﹑定语从句的分类

1.限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。

I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）

2.非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。

Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）

三．定语从句中关系词的用法

(一)关系代词的分类与作用

关系代词which,that,who,whom,whose既起连接作用，引导定语从句，使之与主句中的某个名词或代词有修饰和被修饰的关系，同时又在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等，

1)who

指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语（可省略）。

He who laughs last laughs best.

谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。

The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right. 会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。

2)whom

指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用who来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。

The people whom/who I work with are all friendly.

和我一起工作的人都很友好。

Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan. 昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。

3)which

指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。

The river which flows through London is the Thames. 流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。

The children like cookies (which) my wife makes. 孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。

4)that

指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语（做宾语时常可省略）。

I don't like stories that have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。

The dress (that) Ann bought doesn't fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。

5).as 既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中做关系代词，可做主语、宾语和表语。引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。As引导限制性定语从句时主要用于

“the same …as…；such …as…；so …as…；as …

as…；as follows”固定结构中，用作关系代词的用法。引导非限制性定语从句时，常单独引导定语从句，代替某一个词、某一短语或整个句子。例如：

Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest. My hometown is no longer the same as it was. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. The child knows as much as grow-ups (know). As was natural, he married her. As is known to all, Mark Twin is a great writer. 注意区别：

(1) such…as…与such…that…

This book is written in such easy English as I can read. （as引导定语从句，作read的宾语）

写这本书使用的英语很简单，我能读懂。

This book is written in such easy English that I can read it.(that引导结果状语) 这本书使用的英语如此简单，我能读懂。

(2) The same...as...与the same ...that... You bought the same pen as I have.你买的钢笔和我的一样

This is the same pen that II bought yesterday.这正是我昨天买的那支钢笔。

考点一

关系代词的对练

1．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)That evening，________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A．that

B．which

C．what

D．when 【解析】

考查定语从句。句意：那天晚上，我工作到很晚，我以后会告诉你更多相关的情况。which I will tell you more about later是非限制性定语从句，which 在从句中作about的宾语，代指that evening。本题容易误选D项，错误原因是认为evening表示时间，应该用关系副词when来引导定语从句，而没有仔细分析定语从句缺失的成分。

【答案】

B 2．(2011·全国卷Ⅱ，7)Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt，

is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A．this

B．that

C．what

D．which 解析：考查定语从句。由句子结构知此处为非限制性定语从句，故A、B、C不正确；which此处指代前面一句话，在从句中作主语，故D项正确。

答案：D

3．(2011·山东卷，32)The old town has narrow streets and small houses

are built close to each other. A．they

B．where

C．what

D．that 解析：考查定语从句。根据定语从句中缺少主语应用that。

答案：D 4．(2012·江西高考)By 16：30，________ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A．which

B．when

C．what

D．that 【解析】

考查定语从句。句意：到下午四点半，差不多营业时间结束的时候，几乎所有的画都已经卖光了。先行词是16：30，并且在从句中充当主语，故用关系代词which引导该非限制性定语从句。考生容易误选when，但是when是关系副词，不能在从句中充当主语；that不能用于非限制性定语从句。

【答案】

A 5．(2012·北京高考)When deeply absorbed in work，________ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A．that

B．which

C．where

D．when 【解析】

考查定语从句。句意：他经常全神贯注地工作，每当这个时候，他就会完全忘记吃饭或睡觉。which he often was是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作was的表语。

【答案】

B 6．(2012·陕西高考)It is the third time that she has won the race，________ has surprised us all. A．that

B．where

C．which

D. what 【解析】

考查定语从句。句意：她第三次赢得比赛，这让我们很吃惊。此处which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的内容。

【答案】

C 1．He believes in himself，________，in my opinion，is of the most importance. 【解析】

句意：在我看来，他相信自己，这是最重要的。所选项引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整句话，并在从句中作主语，故用which，in my opinion 是插入语。

【答案】

which 4．Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest ________ everyone likes to visit. 【解析】

句意：武夷山是一个大家都爱去的迷人的旅游胜地。先行词前有such修饰时，定语从句用as 引导。

【答案】

as 5．Many young people can't live without the Internet，________ they depend on for whatever information they need. 【解析】

句意：很多年轻人离不开因特网，他们依靠它来获取所需要的任何信息。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Internet，并在从句中作depend on的宾语，故用which。

【答案】

which 6．We went to the West Lake yesterday，________，not surprisingly，was crowded with visitors from all over the world. 【解析】

句意：我们昨天去西湖了，不出所料，那里挤满了来自世界各地的游客。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词为前面整个主句，故用which引导。

【答案】

which 6)Whose的用法。

(1)通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。

指人

the+名词+of whom of whom +the+名词

Whose+名词

指物

the+名词+of which of which+the+名词

They study in a classroom whose windows (the windows of which/of which the windows) are broken Do you know the man whose house (the house of whom/of whom the house) was burned down? (2).whose引导的定语从句注意点：

①whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。

②

whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：

The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。

③

whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。

④whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词

= the+名词+of which，或= of which + the + 名词。如：

The novel whose title (= the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting. ⑤whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词

= the+名词+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名词。如：

The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.

考点二

Whose的用法对练

1．(2013届山东青岛质检)Ancient Rome was a country ________ culture influenced the western world for centuries. A．who

B．which

C．whose

D．where 【解析】

句意：古罗马是一个其文化影响西方世界几个世纪的国家。根据句意及结构可知，空格后为定语从句，修饰先行词country，culture 同country之间为所属关系，即国家的文化，所以引导词用whose。

【答案】

C 2．In the police station, I saw the man from ________ room the thief had stolen the TV set. A．whom

B．which

C．that

D．whose 【解析】

考查定语从句。句意：在警察局我看到了那位失主，小偷从他的房子里偷走了电视机。whose作定语，修饰名词room。引出定语从句，先行词是the man。

【答案】

D 3．(2011课标卷·全国Ⅰ，31)The prize will go to the writer

story shows the most imagination. A．that

B．which

C．whose

D．what 解析：考查定语从句。that，which在句中作主语或宾语；whose引导定语从句，作定语；what不能引导定语从句。由句意，缺少定语，故用whose。

答案：C 4．That tree，________ branches are almost bare，is a very old one. 【解析】

句意：那是一颗老树，它的树枝几乎掉光了。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作branches的定语，故用whose。

【答案】

whose 5．The number of various educational programs is increasing ________ important roles have been recognized by more and more people. 【解析】

句意：各种各样教育课程的数目一直在增加，他们的重要性正在被越来越多的人认识到。所填词引导定语从句修饰educational programs，并在从句中作定语修饰

important roles，故用whose引导。

【答案】

whose 6．The building，from ________ top visitors can enjoy a good view of New York，attracts hundreds of tourists every day. 【解析】

句意：这座建筑每天吸引数百名游客，从它的顶部可以很好地观察纽约。由逗号前后没有连接词判断此处为非限制性定语从句；所填词引导定语从句修饰building ，并在从句中作top 的定语，表示所属关系，故用whose引导。

【答案】

whose (二)几个易混淆的关系代词的比较: 1.that & which:

在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样。

（1）宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况. ①先行词是all, no none, everyone, everything, anything, something, much, little等不定代词修饰时；

1.We should do all that is useful to the people . 2.There's nothing that can be said about it . 3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday? ②先行词被all, every, no, some, any, few,little, much, just, very, the last, the same, the only, one of等词修饰时。

1.The only thing that we could do was to wait. 2.That's the very word that is wrongly used. The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works. You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free. I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them. 比较

*This is one of the best novels that were published last year. *This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year. ③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake. 2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.

④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

1.This is the best that can be done now. 2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on. ⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如：

1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known . 2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police. ⑥疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。

1. Which is the book that you like best? 2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate? ⑦被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .

1. That's a good book that will help you a lot. 2. My home village is no longer the place ( that )

it used to be . (2)定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况: ①当关系代词的前面有介词时.

1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. 2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? ②在非限制性定语从句中.

1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died . 2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句) ③当关系代词后面带有插入语时.

1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. ④先行词本身是that, 宜用which .

What's that which she is looking at? ⑤先行词是those+复数名词.

A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. 2. who & that:,

（1）who和

that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who, 而不宜用that

1.先行词是these, those指人时，关系代词只用who. Those who are playing over there are my students. 2.先行词是人称代词(he, she…)时，关系代词只用who. He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 3.不定代词someone, anyone, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody作先行词时，关系代词用who. Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished. 考点三

易混淆的关系代词对练

1.I refuse to accept the blame for something

was someone else's fault. A．who

B．that

C．as

D．what 解析：句意：我拒绝接受因为别人的错误而遭受的责备。定语从句的先行词是something，who在定语从句中指人，故排除who；引导词在句中作主语，故用that；as只可引导非限制性定语从句，代替前面或后面的整个句子；what不能引导定语从句。

答案：B 2．(2012·拉萨质检)Mother was so angry at all

I was doing

she walked out. A．that; that

B．what; that

C．what; as

D．that; which 解析：第一空处是定语从句，all作先行词，关系代词用that；第二空处是so...that...结构中that引导的结果状语从句。

答案：A 3．Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn? 【解析】

句意：氧气是唯一助燃的气体吗？先行词由the only 修饰，引导词在从句中作主语，故只能用that。

【答案】

that （二）

定语从句中关系副词的分类和用法:

关系副词在从句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语等。

1.when关系副词：指时间。

在定语从句中作时间状语，不能省略,其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）。此时的when还可用介词+which替换（此时先行词一定是表时间的名词）。有事when也和since一起引导定语从句

I still remember the time when I joined the League.我任然记得我入团的时间

＝I still remember the time on which I joined the League. ＝I still remember the time (which/that) I joined the League on. She went to Germany two years ago,since when I haven`t heard from her. 他两年前去了德国，从那以后我再没有收到他的来信。

2.where关系副词：指地点。

在定语从句中作地点状语，不能省略。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.。此时的when还可用介词+which替换（此时先行词一定是表地点的名词）。Where引导的定语从句还可以放在from后面。

I still remember the school where I joined the League. ＝I still remember the school in which I joined the League. ＝I still remember the school (which/that) I joined the League in. He stood at the window,from where he could see everyone enter the school. 他站在窗口，从哪里他可以看见每个走进学校的人。

※注：对关系副词when, where的认识。

①. 先行词是时间的名词，并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句。

I’ll never forget the time (which/that) I spent in Beijing. ②. 先行词是地点的名词，并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句。

This is the factory (which/that) he visited yesterday. ③. 当句型为It/This/That is(was) the first(second…last) time引起的句子时用that连接其后的句子。此时的time是次数，不是时间。

It/This is the first time that we travel. It/This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson. 3. why关系副词：指原因。

在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason,不能省略。且why引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从句。Why= for which I don’t know the reason why he was late yesterday. The reason why(for which) he was late is that he missed the bus. ※注：当先行词为reason时，关系副词并非都用why。

This is the reason (that/ which) he gave/ explained to us. 考点四

定语从句中关系副词对练

1．(2011·陕西卷，11)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends，

we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A．which

B．where

C．who

D．that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：我和我的朋友一直走到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏到湖的壮丽的景色。先行词为the top of the hill，在定语从句中充当地点状语，故用where引导。答案为B。

答案：B 2．(2011·浙江卷，10)A bank is the place

they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and

ask for it back when it begins to rain. A．when

B．that

C．where

D．there 解析：考查定语从句。由句意可知，空格后为一定语从句。先行词the place在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。

答案：C 3．(2012·浙江高考)We live in an age ________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A．why

B．when

C．to whom

D．on which 【解析】

考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处考查定语从句，先行词是an age，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以应该用关系副词when。故选

B项。

【答案】

B 4．(2013届北京东城一模)Sam remembered several occasions in the past ________ he had experienced a similar feeling.

A．what

B．which

C．when

D．why 【解析】

句意：Sam想起了从前他有过相同感触的几个场合。根据句意可知用when(＝

on which)引导定语从句，修饰先行词several occasions, 将其代入后为：On the several occasions he had experienced a similar feeling. 【答案】

C 5．(2013届山东高考预测卷三)That ebook is no larger than an ordinary book with a screen ________ you can read novels. A．in which

B．of which

C．that

D．where 【解析】

句意：那本电子书有一个能读小说的屏幕，还不如一本普通的书大。根据句子结构可知空格后为where(＝

on which)引导的定语从句，修饰先行词screen，将其代入从句后为：On the screen you can read novels. 【答案】

D 6．Though it is 30 years ________ we last met, I still remember the scene ________ we got separated on a rainy day. A．since；where

B．before；which

C．since；when

D．before；where 【解析】

考查定语从句和状语从句。第一空考查句型It is (has been)＋一段时间＋since从句；第二空where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。

【答案】

A 7．Do you think the reason ________ Ted gave is believable?

A．for which

B．why

C．what

D．that 【解析】

考查定语从句。此处所填关系代词作gave的宾语，故使用that。

【答案】

D 8．Bungee jumping is an adventurous sport，popular with young adults，________ courage matters more than strength. 【解析】

句意：蹦极跳是一项受年轻人喜爱的冒险运动，在这项运动中勇气比力量更重要。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词sport，并在从句中作地点状语，故用where。

【答案】

where 9．Have you gone beyond the stage ________ you want to stop smoking but you can't? 【解析】

句意：你是不是过了戒烟欲罢不能的阶段了？所填词引导定语从句修饰stage，且从句中缺少状语，故用when。

【答案】

when 10．The part in the film Rio ________ the two birds escaped from the crashing plane made some of the audience give a cry. 【解析】

句意：电影《里约大冒险》中两只鸟从坠毁飞机中逃脱的部分使得观众们大声尖叫。所填词引导定语从句修饰part，且从句意义上缺少地点状语，故用where。

【答案】

where 温馨提示：

1）.①先行词是the only one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用单数形式（因为此时的先行词是the only one,而不是of 后的可数名词复数）．

He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano. This is the only one of the books that is borrowed. ②先行词是one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用复数形式（因为此时的先行词是of 后的可数名词复数,而不是one）．

This is one of the students who are late. 2）.当主句缺先行词时，用the one 代替，但须注意：the one只能代替可数名词单数．如为不可数名词时，指什么用什么．

Is this school the one I visited yesterday? Is pop music the music he likes best?

3). 当先行词是the way,

在定语从句中充当方式状语时（the way表＂以…方式／方法＂），引导词通常用that或省略，也可用in which．

I don’t like the way (that) you speak. =I don’t like the way in which you speak.=I don’t like the way (which/that) you speak in. 4)当先行词为case,point,position,situation,stage等词，且关系词在从句中做状语时，常用where引导定语从句。

They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 考点五

特殊定语从句

1．I felt most angry about the way ________ I was treated when I was shopping.

A．when

B．in which

C．which

D．where

【解析】

考查定语从句。the way后面的定语从句引导词作状语时可以使用that/in which，或者省略。

【答案】

B

2.(2012·西安模考)Put yourself in situations

you will be forced to communicate in English，and you will see more progress over time. A．when

B．that

C．where

D．how 3.(2012·广东模考)Is this museum

you visited just now? A．that

B．which

C．one

D．the one 【解析】

句中主语为this museum，句中缺少表语，且后有定语从句修饰，此处表特指。

【答案】

D 4．(2011·甘肃二诊)It was reported that a girl suddenly got into a strange situation

she was unable to speak. A．where

B．that

C．which

D．why 解析：此处先行词是a strange situation，其在定语从句中作地点状语，故选A。

答案：A 5．(2011·福州一检)—Believe it or not，my sister and I are twins. —Oh，you must have had the case

you were taken for your sister. A．which

B．whose

C．where

D．whom 解析：考查定语从句。语意表示你肯定有过被误认为是你姐姐的情况。where you were taken for your sister是定语从句，修饰先行词the case，表示的是抽象地点，where可用in which替换。

答案：C 6．(2012·重庆高考)Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales A．which

B．that

C．when

D．where 【解析】

考查定语从句的关系词。

分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句。position是先行词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。

【答案】

D 7．After graduation from high school we will reach a point ________ we have to decide which university to attend. A．that

B．whatn

C．which

D．where 【解析】

考查定语从句。point表示抽象地点，使用where引导定语从句。where在从句中作状语。

【答案】

D (三)介词+关系词”引导的定语从句。(重点内容)

介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是学习定语从句的难点之一，也是高考的重要考点。这种定语从句多用于正式文体中，其使用的关系代词一般是which,whom或whose,即可以引导限制性定语从句，

也可以引导非限制性定语从句，学习时应注意以下几点。

1.注意介词的选取

在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，应根据如下几点选词介词：

1）

根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，该动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。

Is this the car for which you paid a high price?这是你花大价钱买的车吗?(pay for) In the dark street,here wasn`t a single person to whom she could ture for help. 在黑暗的街上，没有一个他可以求助的人。(turn to sb.for help) The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. 刚才和你握手的那个人是我们英语老师。(shake hands with sb.) 2)根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，该形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。

The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. 马克思没有把握的两项语法和一些习语。(be sure about) 3)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词，他们与介词之间有一定的联系。

I`ll never forget the day on which I joined the Army.我永远忘不了我参军的那一天。

The factory in which his father works is far away from my hometown.他父亲工作的那家工厂里我的家乡很远。

I don`t know the reason for which he was late for school.我不知道他为何上学迟到。

4）根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词也不是由固定的动词短语构成的。这时，需要根据句子所表达的意思选用不同的介词。

This is the pilot for whom my brother has worked for ten years. (意思是：My brother has worked with the pilot for ten years.)这就是那位和我弟弟一起工作了十年的飞行员。

This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.(意思是：My son was saved by the pilot.)

这就是那位救了我儿子的飞行员。

2.关系代词的替换

1).介词in,on,at,for等于关系代词which一起引导定语从句时，可用相关的关系副词when,where,why等替换。

Amercia is the country in which George Washington was born. 乔治.华盛顿出生在美国。(可用where替换in which) I have forgotten the exact date on which this small country became independent. 我忘了这个小国家独立的确切日期。（可用when替换on which）

The reason for which he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him. 他拒绝去赴宴的原因是他们没邀请他。（可用why替换佛如which）

2）表示所有关系或整体与部分关系的定语从句的替换。

(1).whose+名词= the+名词+of whom/which= of whom +the+名词

I will talk to those students the homework of whom hasn`t been done. 我要和没完成作业的同学谈话。（可用whose homework 替换the homework of whom）

She lives in the house the windows of which face to the east. 他住在一栋窗户朝东的房子。（可用whose windows替换the windows of which）

(2)在下列情况下，只能用of whom, of which. 而不用whose引导定语从句。

①定语从句的主语是some, most, many, few, much, little等时. About 200 people, many of whom were Europeans, worked on the project. Those foreign engineers, most of whom have never been to China before, are enjoying their work here. They gave me much ink, little of which is red. ②定语从句的主语是all, none, both, neither, each等时

She has two sons, both of whom are PLA men. He gave us many books, none of which was interesting. ③定语从句的主语是数词时

In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, 12 of which/of which 12 were won by women. There are forty-five students in our class, two thirds of whom are girls. ④在定语从句中作表语的定语时

Look! There come a lot of students, of whom Lucy is one. The stories about the Long March, of which this is one example, are well written. 3.“介词+whose/which+宾语” 引导的定语从句。

The boss in whose department Mr. King worked called at the hospital. The engineer, from whose doctor we know all the truth, was put in a women’s room.

The doctor, with whose help the sick child was saved, is very kind to her patients. She suffered from illness,in which case her husband had to stay home. 4.“介词+关系副词”引导的定语从句。

(1)Where引导的定语从句还可以放在from后面。

He stood at the window,from where he could see everyone enter the school. 他站在窗口，从哪里他可以看见每个走进学校的人

(2).when也和since一起引导定语从句

She went to Germany two years ago,since when I haven`t heard from her. 他两年前去了德国，从那以后我再没有收到他的来信。

5.注意不能拆分的动词短语

要注意有些动词短语不能拆开使用。这样动词短语有：look after,look for,take care of,depend on,listen to等。

考点六

介词+关系词”引导的定语从句

1．(2012·四川高考)In our class there are 46 students，________ half wear glasses. A．in whom

B．in them

C．of whom

D．of them 【解析】

考查定语从句。句意：我们班上有46位同学，一半戴眼镜。of whom half 相当于half of whom，of表示所属关系。

【答案】

C 2．(2012·湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gradual process ________ even the small details of life should be considered. A．what

B．in what

C．which

D．in which 【解析】

考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“______ even the small details of life should be considered”是定语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用in which。

【答案】

D

3．(2013届安徽皖南八校三联)I've read many stories of Lei Feng，________ this is the most touching one. A．who

B．of which

C．of whom

D．that 【解析】

考查定语从句。句意：我读过很多雷锋的故事，其中这个故事最令人感动。先行词为stories，代入定语从句后为：This is the most touching one of the stories.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作介词of 的宾语，先行词stories表示“物”，故排除C项，选B。

【答案】

B 4．( 2013届河南豫东六校联考)On the second floor there are two rooms，________ is used as a meeting room. A．the larger of which

B．one of them

C．the larger one of that

D．the largest of which 【解析】

考查定语从句。句意：在二楼有两个房间，其中较大的那个被用作会议室。句中没有连接词，可知逗号后为定语从句，the larger of which＝

and the larger of them＝and the larger of the two rooms。B项变为and one of them才正确。定语从句中，若介词置于引导词前，则不能用that而用which，所以C项也不正确，D项为最高级，因是两者间的比较；故也不正确。

【答案】

A 5．(2013届浙江嘉兴二模)Trading leather handbags is the business ________ the Greens have been devoted over the past decade. A．what

B．where

C．in which

D．to which 【解析】

句意：卖皮包是格林一家在过去十年里一直专心从事的生意。根据句子结构可知空格后为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the business，将其代入后为：The Greens have been devoted to the business over the past decade. 【答案】

D 6．(2011·江西卷，34)She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction

had taken more than three years. A．for which

B．with which

C．of which

D．to which 解析：考查“介词＋which”的用法。句意：她领着参观者参观了博物馆，博物馆的建设花了三年多。of which＝whose。

答案：C 7．(2012·湖南师大附中)We have gathered nearly 100,000 quilts，

up to half have gone to the floodhit areas. A．with which

B．in which

C．for which

D．of which 答案：D 8．(2012·江西师大附中月考) The man pulled out a gold watch，

were covered with some small diamonds. A．the hands of it

B．whose the hands

C．the hands of which

D．of which hands 解析：考查定语从句。whose引导定语从句，修饰名词作定语时，名词前不用冠词；而of which和名词连用，名词前应用定冠词，所以只有C项正确。

答案：C 9．(2012·成都摸底考试)China has 56 nationalities, each of

has its own characteristics, forming the various and colorful Chinese culture. A．them

B．what

C．that

D．which 解析：考查定语从句。语意：中国有56个民族，每个民族都有自己的特点，它们形成了丰富多彩的中国文化。根据语意可知此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为nationalities。

答案：D 10．(2012·正定中学月考)QQ，

you can chat with your friends，makes communication easy. A．in which

B．on which

C．with which

D．through which 解析：句意：QQ使沟通容易，通过QQ你可以和你的朋友聊天。结合句意可知，答案为D。through“经由，以，用，凭借(指方法、手段等)”。

答案：D 11．(2012·杭州学军中学月考) Now everyone is concerned about how to conquer the economic crisis，

is very important for us to be able to preserve our standard

of living. A．which success

B．its success

C．the success of which

D．the success of it 解析：the success of which中的which指代to conquer the economic crisis。

答案：C 12．This book，the first two chapters ________ are interesting，was given to my friend as a birthday present. 【解析】

句意：我把这本书作为生日礼物送给了朋友，它的前两章很有趣。所填词引导定语从句，修饰book，并在从句中表示“其中的两章”，the first two chapters 与book 之间是所属关系，故用of which 引导。

【答案】

of which 13．Xiamen is a beautiful city，________ I paid a twoday visit during the Spring Festival.

【解析】

句意：厦门是一个美丽的城市，春节期间我去那里参观了两天。所填词引导非限制性定语从句；由pay a visit to 可知，“介词＋关系代词”结构用to which。

【答案】

to which 14．China now has a population of more than 11 million net citizens，most of ________ are educated and live in cities. 【解析】

句意：现在中国的网民有1,100万人，其中大多数受过教育并在城市里生活。先行词指人，从句中of 后缺少宾语，故用whom 引导。

【答案】

whom 15．We all agreed that the architect ________ the National Grand Theater in Beijing was designed is most creative. 【解析】

句意：我们都同意曾设计北京国家大剧院的那位设计师最有创造性。所填词引导定语从句，修饰先行词architect；根据sth.be designed by sb.这一结构确定用by whom。

【答案】

by whom 16．This article may shock some sensitive readers，________ I offer my apologies in advance. 【解析】

句意：这篇文章可能会令很多敏感的读者震惊，为此我提前向这些读者道歉。所选项引导定语从句，修饰先行词readers；根据apologize to sb.的搭配可知，“介词＋关系代词”结构用to whom。

【答案】

to whom 四．非限制性定语从句

1. 非限制性定语从句的定义

非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开，关系代词不能省略。

My watch, which is very old, stopped again. 2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

1)先行词不同

限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词；非限制性的定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词，也可以是整个句子或其中一部分。

Mike sold his old furniture,which made his father angry. 迈克把旧家具卖了，这是他父亲很生气。（which代指卖旧家具这件事）

He said he had found a job in a week,which was not true.他说他一周内就找到了一份好工作，这不是真的。

2)关系词不同

关系代词that,关系副词why均不可引导非为限制性定语从句，只能引导限制性定语从句。

The house that I bought last month has got a lovely garden.我上个月买的那幢房子有一个漂亮的花园。

3）关系词省略情况不同

非限制应定语从句的关系词无论在从句中作什么成分，均不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系词可省略。

This is the man,whom we talked about just now.这就是那个人，我们刚才谈论过他。

This is the man(that/who/whom)we are talking about.这就是我们正谈论的那个人。

4）翻译不同

非限制性定语从句与主句关系不很密切，中间用逗号隔开，译成汉语时，通常译成两句话，而限制性定语从句与主句一起译成一句话。

I have two foreign teachers,both of whom are from American.我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。

The foreign teacher who comes from Amercia teachers us literature.美国来的那位外教教我们文学。

3. 关系代词as, which引导非限制定语从句时的区别（重点内容）

1）如果非限制性定语从句位于主句之前或插在主句之中时，只能用as. As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一圈

Einstein,as we all known,is a famouse scientist.我们知道，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。

2）as在从句中做主语，后面常跟行为动词的被动式；which在从句中做主语，其后常跟行为动词的主动式。

A big earthquake occured in Xinjiang last night,as was reported on TV. 据电视报道，昨天晚上新疆发生了大地震。

He passed the exam,which made his parents very happy.他通过了考试，这使得他父母很高兴。

3）as引导的从句在意义上不可与主句向悖，而which引导的定语从句不受其限制。

Chang`e-1 has been launched successfully,as was expected. 嫦娥一号发射成功，正如所预料的那样。（语义一直）

The result of the experiment was very good,which we hadn`t expect.

实验的结果很好，这是我们没预料到的。（语义不一致）

4）as常用在一些固定结构中，如：

as we know/as is known to all (众所周知)，

as we can see (正如我们大家都能看到的那样)，

as is often the case

(情况常常是这样)，

as might be imagined (可以想象得到)，

as might be expected (正如所预料的那样)，

as has been pointed out (正如所指出的那样)，

as has been said before/above（正如前文所述），

as (it) often happens （像往常一样）

as is mentioned above（正如上面提到的）

She has been absent again,as (it) often happens.像往常一样，她又缺席了。

5）当which在从句中指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时，不可用as代替which. The dog,which we saw in the street yesterday,is Mary`s.我们昨天在街道上见到的那条狗是玛丽的。

考点七

关系代词as, which引导非限制定语从句时的区别

1．________ was explained at the last meeting, we will have to double our sales in the next two years. A．As

B．which

C．What

D．It 【解析】

考查定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句所述的内容。

【答案】

A 2．(2012·安徽高考)A lot of language learning,_____ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A．as

B．it

C．which

D．This 【解析】

考查定语从句。句意：正如发现的那样，大量的语言学习是在出生后的第一年发生的，所以父母应当在那一时期多和孩子说话。分析句子结构可知，“________ has been discovered”为非限制性定语从句，又因空处指代“A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life”整个句子，故用as。

本题易错选C。which引导的非限制性定语从句指代整个句子时只能放在主句后面，而as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置相对灵活，可在前，可在中，也可在后。

【答案】

A 3．________ is the case with humans，animals also love their babies. 【解析】

句意：跟人类的情况一样，动物也爱它们的孩子。as引导非限制性定语从句指代整个主句的内容，且在从句中作主语，意为“正如”，符合题意。

【答案】

As 4．________ is often the case with the old，my grandmother is into talking about good old days. 【解析】

句意：正如老年人常有的情形，我祖母喜欢谈论那些美好的旧时光。as“正如”，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是后面的整个句子。

【答案】

As 5．________ is often the case with the old，my grandmother is into talking about good old days. 【解析】

句意：正如老年人常有的情形，我祖母喜欢谈论那些美好的旧时光。as“正如”，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是后面的整个句子。

【答案】

As 4. “介词+关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构：

(1)名词+介词+关系代词：

They live in a house, the door of which faces south. (2)代词+介词+关系代词：

There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard. 六.分隔的定语从句

定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象

定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句。

1.在定语从句加中插入语。

常见的有：I think ,I suppose ,I guess ,I imagine等。辨别的方法是：去掉插入语后，原句句法结构仍然完整。

(1)---Is that the small town you often refer to?

--- Right, just the one where you know I used to work for years.

(2)He made another wonderful discovery ,which I think is of importance to science .

2.定语从句之间插入一个状语

There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星。

3.在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语

(1)

Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond neckla

你还记得吗，十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链？

4.先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。

此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后

A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 七.定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别

类 别

区 别

例 句

定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：①Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer．

②定语从句与

并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer．

从结并列句

或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能构上看，①小题是定语从句，故填whom；

②小题有并列连再用引导定语从句的关系词了。

词but，是并列句，故填代词

them。

This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这是几定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为the place）

Let’s 状语从句没有先行词。

go where we can find a better job. 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）

定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词，只Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时能放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说间吗？（定语从句）

It was already five o’clock when the class 明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主was over. =When the class was over, it was already five o’clock. 当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句）

定语从句与

句的前面。

状语从句

When, where和why在引导定语从句This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked. 这时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句）

Put back 换，在引导状语从句时却不行。

the book where it was. 把书放回原处。（状语从句）

定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜种句子成分，因此去掉它则从句成分欢的如此有趣的书。

（as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词定语从句）

It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。

（that不充当句子的成分仍然完整。

成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句）

定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，The news that she hadpassed the exam made her parents very 对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用，happy. 她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。（同位语从句）

与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的此句中的同位语从句

The news that she had passed the exam 定语从句与

作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passed the exam. The 同位语从句

补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词news that he told us interested all of us. 他告诉我们的消息使大的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关家都感兴趣。（定语从句）

The news that he told us 是定语从系。

句，此句不能改写为：The news is that he told us. 强调句的结构为“It is／was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句”。被强调部分可以①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the 是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调定语从句

与

airport．

②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works．

从结构上部分是人时，还可用who代替that。强调句

看：

①小题是强调句，故填

that。

②小题则是定语从句，这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部用上述方法转换便知the factory前差个介词in，故填

where。

分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替

that。

此外还要注意下列两点：

▲定语从句与习惯句型

用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。

①It is the first time _____ she has been in Shanghai．

②It was the time _____ Chinese people had a hard life．

解析：这里①小题是一个习惯句型，其结构为：It is／was the first／second ．．．

time ＋that从句。故①填that，其意为：这是她第一次在上海。②小题the time是先行词，其后是表示时间的定语从句，故填

when。

▲定语从句与简单句

用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。

①The mother told the lazy boy to work，

_____ didn't help．

②The mother told the lazy boy to work．_____ didn't help．

解析：含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于：前者有主句，有从句，必须有关系词；而后者则是两个单独的句子，不需要任何关联词。①小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词，显然应是主从句关系，因此需用关系词which，前面整个句子作先行词；②小题则填It，代替前面的整个句子。解题时，注意标点符号的运用。