Learning about LanguagePPT及课堂实录内容

选修8 Unit 4 Learning about language 过去分词作状语的主要用法

重点：复习过去分词作状语

难点：过去分词作状语，分词动作和主语是被动关系。

（一）

过去分词作状语：

1.条件状语

（1）Given more time we could do it much better.

作条件状语相当于if/unless引导的条件状从。

If we were given more time…

2.时间状语

Asked why he was late,the boy made no answer. 作时间状语相当于when/while等引导的时间状从。

When he was asked why he was late,the boy made no answer. 3.原因状语

Encouraged by the teacher’s words, he went on with his research work.

作原因状语相当于as/since/because引导的原因状从

Because he was encouraged by…. 4.让步状语

Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 作让步状语相当于though/although/even if引导的让步状从。

Though he was laughed at by…

5.方式或伴随状语

The old man went into the room,supported by his wife. Seated at the table,my father and I were talking about my job. The teacher stood there surrounded by many students.(表伴随，无连词 相通）

（二）注意

一、过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。

1.Written in a hurry,this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。

2.Lost / Absorbed in deep thought,he didn't hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。

二、过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致; 1.Given another hour,I can also work out this problem. 再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I,即 I 被再给一个小时。) 2.Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful to us. 从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。(seen 为过去分词作状语，表"被看",由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是"我们",因为"我们"应主动看城市。) 需要注意的是：如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。

3.The signal given,the bus started. 信号一发出，汽车就开动了。(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语

the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语。

4.Her head held high,she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语。) 三、过去分词作状语来源于状语从句. 1.Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。 (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain.) 2.Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.) 四、过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。

He stood there silently,moved to tears. = Moved to tears,he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。

练习

1. Though ____ of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned 2. ____ from this point of view, the question will be of great importance. A. Considering B. Considered C. Being considered D. Consider

3. ____ and ____, they ran out of the room. A. Being excited；happily B. Exciting；happy C. Exciting；happily D. Excited；happy 4. ____ deep down in the earth, the dead forests rotted away and became coal. A. Buried B. Burying C. To bury D. Being buried 5. If ____ green，the door might look more beautiful. A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint 6. Eva，____ in Canada, lived and practiced law in America. A. was born B. he was born C. although born D. being born 7. Everything ____, it wasn’t a bad holiday.

A. considering B. considered C. to consider D. consider 8. ____ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing