Learning about Language优质课一等奖

The usage of the past participle Step1. Lead in

Individual work Give Ss two sentences in which the past participle is used as an adverbial phrase.

Eg Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. Then ask Ss to find other three sentences from the reading passage with the past participle used as the adverbial. (1)

Well-known for their expertise, his parent’s company…

(2)

Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack…

(1)

Exhausted, I slid into bed…

Let’s Ss discuss the usage of past participle and find some grammar usages.

Step 2. Explanation of the grammar. (1) 和现在分词一样，过去分词或过去分词短语也可以充当副词，修饰谓语动词。

过去分词可以表达下列四种意思：

①

方法或活动方式，如：

He walked up and down, lost in thought

I sat before the desk until after mid-night, absorbed in writing.

Surrounded by a host of fans, the film star left the airport excitedly .

②

原因，如：

Greatly disappointed, some staff decided to leave the place.

Taken by surprise, the enemy surrendered.

③

时间，如：

Born and bred in a turbulent age, the older generation of people experienced all sorts of hardships.

Thrown to the floor, the boy regained his footing a few minutes later .

④

条件，如：

Given more time, the slow learners would have done better .

Criticized by someone else, Tony would not have fared up like that.

(2) 除了直接修饰动词之外，

过去分词或短语也可以和连词组成短语，表示下列四种意思：

①

由

when ,whenever , while until等连词引导，表示“时间”，如：

When asked about his previous job, Bill said he had been a motor mechanic.

Susan seldom speaks in class until spoken to.

②

由where , wherever 连词引导，表示“地点”。

Mosquitoes should be completely exterminated where found.

Retires in good health should be invited to return to work wherever needed.

③

由if , unless引导，表示“条件”，如

If kept for too long, some medicines will lose their effectiveness.

We have made a point of not attacking unless attacked.

④

由

though, although , even though 连词引导，表示“让步”，如：

Though warned of the danger, they still went mountaineering.

Even though defeated for a second time, our team did not give up hope for the ultimate victory.

IV Studying the past participle as the attribute.

(3) 过去分词做定语, 在语态上表被动，在时间上表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。

过去分词做定语时，

所修饰的名词在逻辑上相

当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。

(4) 过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。如：

He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。

(5) 也有不及物动词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去动词那样放在名词后面作定语。如：

fallen leaves, retired workers , the risen sun

注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况：

①

单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如：

We needed much more qualified workers

My friend is a returned student.

②

过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当与一个定语从句。如：

The student dressed in white is my daughter = The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.

③

如果被修饰的词是由every /some/any / no+thing /body/one 所构成一个复合代词或指示代词those 等时，即使一个单一的分词做形容词，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：

Is there anything unsolved? There is nothing changed here since I left this town.

④

单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰词前，作前置定语。

This is a state-owned factor.

This is our school –run factory.

⑤

作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。例如：

原形

用作定语的过去分词

用作表语或谓语的过去分词

drink

drunken

drunk

light

lighted

lit

melt

melten

melted

sink

sunken

sunk

We lit the candle and the candle lit up the room. 我们点着蜡烛，蜡烛照亮房间。

There is a lighted candle on the table. 桌上有一只点着的蜡烛。

Step3. Pair work (1) In pairs combine these two sentences using the past participle as the adverbial. ①

I was frightened by the loud noise. I went to see what was happening.

_________________________________________________________________ ②

He was hit by the lack of fresh air. He got a bad headache. _________________________________________________________________ ③

I felt very tired after the long journey. I still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station. _________________________________________________________________

④

The little girl was frightened by the noise outside. The little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.

________________________________________________________________

⑤

The museum was built in 1910. the museum is almost 100 years old.

_________________________________________________________________

⑥

The student was given some advice by the famous scientist. The student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more.

_______________________________________________________________ Suggested Answers:

①

Frightened by the loud noise, I went to see what was happening. ②

Hit by the lack of fresh air, he got a bad headache. ③

Tired after the long journey, I still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station. ④

Frightened by the noise outside, the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom. ⑤

Built in 1910, the museum is almost 100 years old. ⑥

Given some advice by the famous scientist, the student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more. (2) In pairs combine the following sentences using the past participle as the attribute. ①

Soon we lost sight of that famous astronomer. He is called Li Qiang. ②

I am going to buy a painting. It is copied from Vincent van Gogh. ③

I like that old private house. It is built of wood and mud. ④

The room is completely empty. The room is connected to the rest of the house by a long passage. ⑤

The queen was sitting in a royal carriage. The carriage was drawn by four horses. ⑥

The vehicle is mentioned in the book. The vehicle is unknown to me. ⑦

The castle is under repair. It was built in 1432. Suggested Answers:

①

Soon we lost sight of that famous astronomer called Li Qiang. ②

I am going to buy a painting copied from Vincent van Gogh. ③

I like that old private house built of wood and mud. ④

The room connected to the rest of the house by a long passage is completely empty. ⑤

The queen was sitting in a royal carriage drawn by four horses. ⑥

The vehicle mentioned in the book is unknown to me. ⑦

The castle built in 1432 is under repair. (3) After finish the two exercises, ask Ss to discuss and compare the two different usages of the past participle.

Step 4. Consolidation

Ask Ss to finish the following exercise and then check their answers (1) ________(well-know) for his books about South Africa, JM Coetzee won the Booker Prize.

(2) A princess once owned a magical chair ______ (make) of gold and silver. (3) On his birthday he received a mysterious present _______ (wrap) in gold paper. (4) _______ (interrupt) by the bell, he was unable to finish his speech. (5) _________ (awaken) by a noise at midnight, she saw a thief in her room. (6) _________ (suppose) to be locked, this door is now wide open and the room is empty. Suggested Answers: (1) Well-known

(2) made

(3) wrapped

(4)

Interrupted

(5) Awakened

(6) Supposed Step 5. Homework

1. Find all the sentences using the past participle in the Reading part.

2. Write a short passage about the life of aliens.