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The use of “it”

Discovering “It”

1.

It rains heavily.

2.

2. It is 20 kilometers from Granddad's house to James’.

3.

3. It is November 11, 2005.

4.

4. It is 9 o’clock at night.

5.

5.It'll be lovely in the garden tonight． 6.

6. It is bad to smoke.

7.

7. It is likely that he will succeed.

一、it 作人称代词 1. it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的

事物，以避免重复:也指代上文内容,(指代句子)

Xi’an is a beautiful city, isn’t it?

Yang Liwei was the first Chinese to be sent up

into space. It made the Chinese proud.

2. it指代性别不明的婴儿或身份不明的人。

--Who is it ?”

（是谁？─如敲门时，不明对方的性别或何人）

--“It's me, Peter．”

3. 用以代替指示代词this或that。

—

What’s this?

—

It’s a computer．

it ，one， that的区别

it代替上文中提到过的同一事物；

one泛指,指代同名异物，相当于a/an+名词，one所指代的名词修饰语一般为a/an some/any, 复数ones。

that特指 ,指代同名异物，相当于the+名词,that所指代的名词修饰语往往是the/this/that

－I’ve lost my dictionary.

--- You haven’t found ___? If you want to buy one， I suggest you buy an English-chinese ____. The climate of Kunming is much better than ____ of Moscow.

•

A chair made of steel is stronger than ______made of wood. •

The water in the cup is hotter than______ •

in the pot. •

I like this pen more than_______one. •

There were a few young people and some older________in the house. 二、it作非人称代词 it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、季节, 距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，

称为非人称的it：

It is a lovely day, isn’t it?

It was very quiet in the café.

--What's the date today?

--It's May 1, 2007.

It is about 5 kilograms.

三、it用作形式主语 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、

动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、

动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

1. 代作主语的动词不定式 （1）It be adj.for/of sb.to do sth. adj. 为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary...等用for

adj. 为描述人的形容词：kind，rude，cruel，considerate等用of. It is illegal for a teenager to drive a car without a license. It's kind of you to help me with the problem.

(2) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型

It's no good/use/fun doing…

It's（well）worth doing…

It's worth (one's) while doing/to do…

It's no use crying over spilt milk. 3. it作形式主语替代主语从句

It is strange that it hasn’t been

noticed before.

真奇怪, 它以前没有引起注意。

It is said that there has an earthquake in Japan.

据说日本发生了地震。

It is a wonder that he is still alive. 他居然还活着, 真是个奇迹。

It happened that the harvest was bad that year.

碰巧, 那年的收成不好。

3. it作形式主语替代主语从句

①It is adj. (clear / obvious/possible/ certain …)+ that ...

② It is v-ed that…

It is said/reported/believed/suggested/

required..... that ...

③ It is + noun +从句

It is a pity /a shame /an honor ... that ...

(4) It seems/happens/appears (to sb)+ that clause好象…… 四、it作形式宾语

当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词,宾语从句时，用it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。

该句型中的it 作形式宾语，常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。 S + V +it +宾补adj.(n.) + to do sth. / doing/ that-clause

it在动词appreciate,dislike,hate,love等后代替由if或when引导的从句

I would appreciate it if you could come to my party.

I think it no use arguing with him.

我认为和他争吵没有用。

I found it very interesting to study

English.

我发现学英语非常有趣。

He made it clear that he was not

interested in this subject.

他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。

五、用于强调句型中

表示强调,其结构是: It is/was+被强调部分+ that/who +原句剩余部分。此结构只限于强调状语、主语和宾语。 注意：①如果强调的是人, 其后用that或who 均可; ②如果强调的是物、时间或地点等状语, 其后只能用that不用where、when、why。

特殊疑问句：疑问词+is/was+it +that…?

What is it that he wants to see?

他到底想看什么？

It was she who ／that had been wrong．

是她错了。 ( )

It was the girl whom ／that I met just now．

我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。 ( )

It was Tom to whom the teacher had talked．

老师与其谈话的那个人是汤姆。 （ ）

It was on Monday night that all this happened．

所有这一切就是在星期一的晚上发生的.（ ）

It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...

该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强调时间状语，

译成汉语

“直到……才……”，可以说是not ... until ... 的强调形式。 I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until

she took off her dark glasses.

= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.

= It was not until she took off her dark glasses

that I realized she was a famous film star.

注意：

1. 强调主语时,谓语动词的数应与主语保持一致。

强调句型中前后时态应一致.

It was Mike and Mary who ____ praised

at the meeting.

2. 判断强调句：把it is／was和that／who去掉,

剩下的词语能重新组成正确的句子,而且不缺成分,

否则就是其它从句。

It was in 1945 _____ World War II ended.

It was 1945 _______ World War II ended 六. It引起的几个易混淆的时间句型

1.It is/has been + 时间 + since-clause “自从......以来有多久了”

，since后常用一般过去式。

It is three years since his father passed away .

2.It was/will be + 时间 + before-clause .时间为表示一段时间的词语 (a long time, 3months/weeks.)

“过多长时间才...”

It will be years before we meet again.

3. It / This / That is/was + the first(second , third …) time + that sb+现在完成时/过去完成时

It was the fifth time (that) I ___________a friendly visit to Africa .

七、It 常用的固定搭配 1.

make it 及时赶到;成功;办成

You needn’t worry; he will make it.

你不必担心, 他会办到的。

2. It all depends/that all depends “那得看情况”

3. It's up to sb. “由…决定，由…负责，取决于…”

4.That’s it . 这就对了。

5. I can’t help it. 我没有办法。

It的一些习惯用法



How is it with your study? 学习好吗？



That’s it . 这就对了。



It went hard with him. 他身遇不幸。



It is all over with me. 我完蛋了。

I can’t help it. 我没有办法

口诀：

代词 it 本意它, 既可指这又指那;

时间天气均可指, 谈到距离也用它;

假主假宾均可做, 强调句型跟that。