Grammar and usage(2): Verbs often used in the passive voice说课稿【一等奖】

2014届高一英语教案学案一体化讲义

制卷人：庄、钱

审核人：

陆英

制卷日期：2012-3-18

使用日期：

M4U3

Tomorrow’s world学案

Grammar and usage(被动语态) 一．被动语态概念

语态(Voice)，作为一个语法范畴，是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用主动态；如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词便用被动态。例如：

John helped Peter.(主动)

Peter was helped by John.（被动）

二．被动语态构成

被动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。

一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词

一般过去时：was/were +过去分词

一般将来时：will (shall) + be +过去分词

be going to + be + 过去分词

过去将来时：should(would) be+过去分词

现在进行时：am/is/are + being +过去分词

过去进行时：was/were being+过去分词

将来完成时：will have been+过去分词

现在完成时：has/have + been +过去分词

过去完成时：had been+过去分词

过去将来完成时：would have been+过去分词

注：过去将来完成时表示从过去某一时间看，将来某时将会已经完成的动作。

三．含情态动词的被动语态

情态动词被动语态的结构为：

一般式：情态动词（can, could, may, might, must, should, need等）+ be+过去分词. 完成式：情态动词（can, could, may, might, must, should, need等）+ have+ been+过去分词。

例如：1）You needn’t mention his plan in your speech.

(主动) His plan needn’t be mentioned in your speech.（被动）

2）You might have completed your task ahead of time. (主动) Your task might have been completed ahead of time.

（被动）

四．被动语态特殊用法

（一）句式It+be+said/reported/expected/proved/supposed等+that从句。

例如：1) It is reported that they are sailing in the Pacific.=They are reported to be sailing in the Pacific.

2) It is said that Mr. Bell invented the first telephone. =Mr. Bell is said to have invented the first telephone. 当不定式to后的动作早于不定式to前的动作发生，不定式to后的动作应用现在完成时，表示动作的完成。

例如：The old bridge is said to have been built in the early 1930s. (二）．含有动词短语的主动句变为被动句时，不要漏掉其后的介词或副词。

例如：We must take good care of the children. (主动)

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2014届高一英语教案学案一体化讲义

制卷人：庄、钱

审核人：

陆英

制卷日期：2012-3-18

使用日期：

The children must be taken good care of.（被动）

(三）．被动语态常在不知道动作的执行者或者是要强调动作的承受者时才用。助动词be有时可被系动词get替换，即“get+过去分词”，也可表示被动概念。

例如：You are wanted on the phone. (四）．固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better的被动形式。

主动

被动

be going to

be going to be done used to

used to be done have to

have to be done had better

had better be done 例如：The little boy used to send newspapers here. (主动) Newspapers used to be sent here by the little boy. （被动）

(五）．“宾语+补语”又叫复合宾语，变被动语态时，只将宾语变为被动句的主语，补语位置保持不动，但是其变为主语补足语了。

例如：Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette in the toilet. (主动) The boy was caught smoking a cigarette in the toilet. （被动）

(六）．

在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面用动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to. 例如：Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. (主动) A stranger was seen to walk into the building. （被动）

(七）．

主动语态表示被动意义的词

1．感官动词和系动词如：look, smell, feel, prove, wear, sound, taste等。

The cloth feels very soft, I like it very much. 2．某些表示主语由内在品质或性能的动词也用主动形式表被动意义，常见的有：wash, write, sell, read, open, shut, keep，read, clean, sell, cook, close, lock等。例如：

（1）. That kind of dress washes well. （2）. This type of computer sells well among teenagers. 3. want, need ,require, take, be worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。

例如：

(1) . She bought me a book, which is worth reading. (2). All the windows in the meeting room need washing. 4. 在“be+形容词+ to do”句型中。常用于此句型形容词有easy, hard, difficult, heavy, light, comfortable等。

例如：

(1). English words are difficult to remember. 英语单词很难记。

(2). She told me that the fish was not fit to eat. 五．不可用被动语态的情况。

1. 不及物动词或短语不能用于被动语态。例如：appear, rise, happen, lie, arrive, exist, belong to, take place, set sail for, consist of等。

例如：1. Six members consist of the committee.

2. You shouldn’t take what doesn’t belong to you. 2. 表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态。英语中有些动词表示某种状态或情况，这类动词不能用于被动语态。常见的有：fit, mean, have, hold, cost, contain, become, last, fail等。

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2014届高一英语教案学案一体化讲义

制卷人：庄、钱

审核人：

陆英

制卷日期：2012-3-18

使用日期：

例如：

1. The flat cost him around one million RMB. 2. This book contains all the phrases you have learnt. 第三部分：语法专项练习

1. _____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

A. Is; built B. Was; built

C. Does; build

D. Did; build 2. An accident ____ on this road last week.

A. has been happened B. was happened

C. is happened D. happened 3. ---Do you have any problems if you______this job?

----Well, I’m thinking about the salary…

A.

offer

B. will offer

C. are offered

D. will be offered

4. So far, the moon ____ by man already.

A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited 5. A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.

A. is given

B. has been given

C. will be given D. gives 6. A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.

A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done

D. will be done 7. The doctor _____ for yet.

A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent C. won't be sent D. wasn't sent 8. ----When ___ this kind of computers______?

----Last year.

A. did; use

B. was; used C. is; used

D. are; used 9. Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.

A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked

D. asks to 10. A story _____ by Granny yesterday.

A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us

D. told us 11. The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.

A. jump

B. jumps

C. jumped

D. to jump 12. Older people ____ well.

A. looks after

B. must be looked after

C. must look after

D. looked after 13. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar. A. is serving

B. is served

C. serves

D. served 14. It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested. A. has been

B. had been

C. has

D. had 15. Do you think that the bridge ______ in a year? A. would be completed

B. will be completed

C. had been completed

D. is being completed 16. Great changes ____ in China since the People’s Republic of China _____ in 1949.

A. have taken place; was founded

B. has taken place; was founded C. have been taken place; founded

D. took place; founded 17.—Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?

—She has _______ by her classmates. A. laughed

B. laughed at

C. been laughed

D. been laughed at 18. Doctors _______ in every part of the world. A. need

B. are needing C. are needed

D. will need 19. I promise that matter will _______.

3

2014届高一英语教案学案一体化讲义

制卷人：庄、钱

审核人：

陆英

制卷日期：2012-3-18

使用日期：

A. be taken care

B. be taken care of

C. take care

D. take care of

20. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building. A. been given

B. given

C. to give

D. be given 21. Can such a thing _____ happening again? A. prevent from

B. prevented from

C. be prevented from

D. to prevent from 22. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital. A. hasn’t been decided

B. isn’t deciding

C. doesn’t decide

D. hasn’t decided

23. The pen _______ me. It is hers. A. isn’t belong to

B. wasn’t belong to

C. doesn’t belong to

D. didn’t belong to

24. I can’t use my bike because it _______.

A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair

D. was repairing 25. The chairman told the speaker that she ______ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _____. A. was expected; heard B.had expected; hear C.had hoped;hearD. was hoped; heard 26. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _______ in Beijing.

A. would be completed

B. was being completed

C. has been completed

D. had been completed

27.—How long _______ at this job? —Since 1990.

(NMET 2003北京春季, 27) A. were you employed

B. have you been employed

C. had you been employed

D. will you be employed 28. Rainforests

and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002 上海春季, 30) A. cut

B. are cut

C. are being cut

D. had been cut 29. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed

C. will have changed

D. will change

30. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.

(NMET 2001北京春季, 12) A. lose

B. will be lost

C. are lost

D. will lose 31. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances _______in the past years. A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered

D. have been discovered 32. I got caught in the rain and my suit_______.

A. has ruined

B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 33. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement________. A. has been reached B. had been reached

C. has reached

D. had reached 34.The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front ______to arrive. A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected

答案：1-5 BDCCC

6-10 BBBBB

11-15 DBBBB

16-20 ADCBA

21-15 CACBA

26-30 DBCAB

31-34 DCBA

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