Grammar and usage(1): Th…主要内容及教案内容

被动语态讲义

Grammar and Usage ------ The Passive Voice

【Learning aims 学习目标】

1. To master the basic forms and usages of the passive voice. 2. To use the passive voice correctly in various tasks. 【Important and difficult points 重点难点】

To apply the passive voice to all kinds of tasks.

Step 1: Self-study(自主学习)

(5 minutes)

Task 1: Enjoy an English song and fill in the blank to introduce the grammar.

My songs _________________all for you.

I _____________ my songs all for you. Conclusion A.语态（2种）

如果主语是动作的执行者（或发出者），谓语动词用____________语态；

如果主语是动作的承受者（或对象），谓语动词用______________语态。

Task 2: Review the passive voice with three pictures. 1. The man who is doing some washing ______________(call) “ Good husband”.

2. The TV series “My love from the star ” _____________ (follow) by many young people last year. 3. It's said that Harry Potter__________________ (show) at Classroom 463 this weekend.

Conclusion B. 被动语态的基本构成： _________________________ （通过改变be的时态，可以构成不同时态的被动语态。）

Step 2: Cooperative study(合作探究)

Read the following sentences and make a summary. 1. We are

often

praised by our teachers. 2. The famous hospital was built

in 1911.

(11学考)

3. It is said that a new bridge will be built over the river next winter.

(12学考)

4. He said that the book would be returned

soon. 5. The question is being discussed

now.

6. The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 7. Two hundred trees have been planted

by now.

8. By the time he was five, he had been taught English by his mother. 9. The task will have been finished

by the end of next week. 10. More love should be given to students. Conclusion C: 被动语态在不同时态中的形式及时间关系：

1.

一般现在时( do/ does )：______________________________表现在习惯性,经常性的被动动作

2.

一般过去时( did )：_____________________________表过去某一具体时间的被动动作

3.

一般将来时( will/ shall do )：_________________________表以现在为起点将来要发生的被动动作

is/am/are going to +be+过去分词或

am/is/are to be done 4.

过去将来时( would do )：

_________________________表从过去某一时间看将要发生的被动动作

5.

现在进行时( am/ is/ are doing )：______________________________现在或现阶段正在发生的被动动作) 6.

过去进行时( was/ were doing )：__________________________________(表过去某一时间点或时间段内正在进行的被动动作) 7.

现在完成时_( have/has done )____________________________________过去发生延续至今或仍有影响的被动动作) 8.

过去完成时( had done )：___________________________________表过去的过去发生的被动动作

9.

将来完成时( will have done )：______________________________表将来某时前已完成的被动动作

Rome is not built in a day. 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。

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被动语态讲义

10.

情态动词can, may, must, need, should…do)______________________________ 11.

短语动词的被动语态

(作为整体—单个动词看.) 1)

动词+介词或副词

(laugh at)_________________________________________ 2)

动词+副词+介词(look down upon)_____________________________________ 3)

动词+名词+介词(take care of)________________________________________ His idea __________often_____________________ among the students . (laugh at) Women

__________________________________ in the old society. (look down upon) The young boy must ____________________________good care of. (take care of) 12.感官动词和使役动词的被动

See /make sb /sth do :(Sb/ sth+ be +seen/heard/ noticed / watched/ observed/ made to do)

See sth /sb. done: sb./sth be seen done See sb/sth doing : sb/sth be seen doing The boss made the worker work all day. The worker______________________________________ all day. They saw the girl fall from the tree. The girl_____________________________________ from the tree 小试牛刀

1> (14辽宁) Tai Chi (太极拳) ____________ (call) “shadow boxing” in English. 2> (13学考) Last month, many houses in my hometown ______________(damage) by the heavy rain. 3> (14学考) The 31st Summer Olympic Games _______________ (hold) in Brazil in August 2016. 4> He told me the sports meeting _________________ (hold) the next month. 5>

(15学考) To their great joy, a new football field __________ in their school now.

A. will build

B. built C. is being built D. was built 6> The house _____________________ (paint) at

this time last Monday.

7> Much money _______________________ (raise) so far. 8> Those trees

_____________________ (cut) down before we got there. 9> A new park _____________________ (build) by the end of next year.

改错（以下三个句子中各有一处错误）

10>

I was took to England by my parents at the age of 10.

11> Wood can used to make paper. 12> (15全国I)

Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has become a very serious problem.

Conclusion D: 解题策略

1.看________和_______的关系选________

2.看____________定________ 3.看________析_______________

4.看_______分词查_________

Step3: Self-assessment(当堂检测) (5minutes) 能力提升1：Grammar filling

Rules for Taking a High-speed Train After years of efforts, the long-expected Shaoyangbei Railway Station ____________________ (complete) recently. Since we are not familiar with trains, we______________(suppose) to know the basic rules for taking a train. First, tickets must___________(check) before entering. Second, no pets or dangerous things _______________(allow) to be taken on a train. Third, because some parts of Rome is not built in a day. 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。

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被动语态讲义

the station________________________(improve), passengers should enter the hall according to signs. If someone disobeys the rules , he or she ________________(fine罚款) heavily.

四. 用主动式表被动含义的几种情况. 1.

用谓语动词的主动式表被动含义

1)表状态特征的连系动词look, feel, sound, smell, taste, prove, appear, turn out,

seem

turn, get, go, come, become, keep ,remain, stay, +adj/n 结构

The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be) practical. The water ___cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. A. was felt

B. is felt

C. felt

D. feels Although all of the apples _________, none of them ________good. A. have been tasted ; taste

B. have been tasted ; are tasted

C. have tasted; taste

D. have tasted; are tasted 2) 表示

“开始，结束，运动”的动词。如：

begin, finish, start, open, close,

stop, end, shut, move.

The shop opens at 8 am every day. The shop closes at 7 p.m. every day. Class begins at 8 a.m. every day. The lecture, _________at 7:00 p.m. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.

A. starting

B. being started

C. to start

D. to be started

3) 表示主语的某种属性特征的词，

read, write, sell, wash, clean, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink, measure, weigh (一般常加一个副词修饰语如well/easily/badly或数量词在后面) This coat dries easily.(这外套很容易干.) The pen writes smoothly. (这笔写起来流畅.) The article reads well. This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide. ---Why did you make the kite of cloth instead of paper? ---Because paper _______easily. A. is torn

B. will be torn

C. tears

D. tore 4).不及物动词及其短语不用被动.(

happen, go , come, take place, belong to, rise, arrive, work, live, listen, sit, exist, look, (dis)agree, fall, fail, succeed, grow ( 生长), play( 玩耍), ring( 响), speak(讲话), operate( 动手术), wait, disappear, die, break out, last, stay, lie, talk等。

Correct mistakes:

This room is belonged to me.

This music is sounded sweet. 5)（状态动词如

lack/own/last/hold（容纳）/belong to / consist of/ fit/cost/反身代词做宾语/宾语为处所, 地点或组织等不用被动）

Yourself must be looked after well. (

)

The League was joined by him in 2000.(

) 2. 用非谓语动词（不定式，动名词，分词）的

主动形式表示被动含义。

1）want, need, require 作“需要被”,deserve作“值得被”讲时，后用动名词的主动形式表被动含义。（这时动名词和句子的主语之间存在逻辑上动宾关系）

The house needs/ wants/ requires repairing.= The house needs __________________________________. The flowers need watering.=__________________________________________ 2) 形容词worth后用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义

Rome is not built in a day. 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。

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被动语态讲义

The place is worth ___________________________(visit). The book is well worth__________________________( read). 3) 不定式在某些形容词

（difficult, easy, hard, comfortable, pleasant, fit, unfit, light, heavy, good, safe, dangerous）后作状语且和句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义，因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb.

The book is difficult (for me) to understand. (understand the book.) we found English difficult to learn. The boy is easy (for people) to get along with. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ____. A. to be breathed

B. to breathe

C. breathing

D. being breathed

4) 不定式作名词的后置定语,和被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句的主语或宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式用主动式表被动含义。

I have an important meeting to attend. I’ll give the children some good books to read.

比较：

I have a letter to send.

I have a letter to be sent. 5) 在there be句型中修饰主语的动词不定式用主动形式和被动形式都可。在口语中多用主动形式。

There are many things to do 强调必须有人去做/ to be done 强调事情要做

6）不定式to let, to blame等表示被动意义

The car is to let.

汽车出租。

The boy was to blame for what he had done.

这个男孩为他所作所为受到批评。

3. 介词in, on, under 等+n，构成的

介词短语表示被动意义。

The question is under discussion.= The question ______________________________________. Lots of books are on show. = lots of books_____________________________________________. 五: 常用被动的句型. 1.

动词

say, believe, report, announce, suppose, know, consider, hope 等以it作形式主语时用被动语态，后面接that从句作真正主语。

It is said/ reported / hoped / well known / believed /must be pointed out that …. 请翻译: 据说我们的足球队已经赢得了比赛. ______________________________________=______________________________________________ It is said that Li Ping will study abroad.=Li Ping is said _________________________abroad. It is said that Li Ping is studying abroad=Li Ping is said ________________________ abroad.

It is said that Li Ping studied abroad.=Li Ping is said ___________________________abroad. It is said that Li Ping has been studying abroad.=Li Ping is said __________________abroad. It is said that she has been sent to America.= She is said _______________________America. — Is Bob still performing? —

I’m afraid not. He is said ______ the stage already as he has become an official.

A.

to have left

B. to leave

C. to have been left

D. to be left

Rome is not built in a day. 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。

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