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现在完成时用法

Try to find how Present Perfect Tense is formed

1. It’s been six years since we last saw each other.

2. This is the first time I’ve visited your hometown.

3. I’ve visited some beautiful cities, but this is one of the most attractive places I've been to. 4.They’ve put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently. 一、现在完成时构成：基本形式：have (has)+done

否定式：have (has) not + done 被动形式：have (has) been done 二、基本用法：

1．完成用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。（常考点）

Who has taken my dictionary?（take已完成的动作；结果：我的字典不见了。）

eg

Someone has broken the window.（break动作已完成；结果是：窗户仍破着。）

I’ve turned on the light.（turn on动作已完成；结果是：灯还开着。）

2. 未完成用法：表动作或状态从过去开始，持续到现在，可能持续下去，也可能刚结束。

eg:

He has lived here since 1960. （可能已搬走，可能至今还在这里）

I haven’t seen you for ages.

I haven’t bought anything for three months.

3.表“重复”：指过去到现在一段时间中经常发生的动作或状态。（常考点）

eg: It has rained every day this week.

I have not seen much of him lately.

I have been to the Great Wall many times this year. 与现在完成时连用的时间状语：

1.表示不确定的过去时间,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等。

2.表示频度的时间状语,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice,等。

3.包括现在时间在内的时间状语,如for several years, since last year, up to now/ these days, this morning/week/month/year, all day, so far，in the past /last few years 等。

4．用在特殊句型中：

①It is the first (second, …last) time that +从句（现在完成时）

eg: It is the third time that I have seen the film. ②It has been (is) + 时间段

+ since

+ 从句（过去时）

eg: It has been quite some time since I was last in London. ③用于时间、条件状语从句中，强调动作完成后，主句动作才发生。

eg: We will start at six if it has stopped raining by that time.

Please wait until I have finished my homework.

When you have rested, I’ll show you the garden.

三、

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时重在说明现在的情况，表示过去与现在的关系，强调结果

一般过去时只涉及过去的行为或者转台本身。

1）I cleaned my hands. 我洗手了。（仅仅指过去的一个动作而已。）

2）I have just cleaned my hands, and they are clean now.

我刚洗过手, 现在很干净了。

（“洗手”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“手干净了”）

当堂检测

1. This is the first time we ____ a film in the cinema together as a family. A. see

B. had seen

C. saw

D. have seen 2. So far this year we _____ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw

B. see

C. had seen

D. have seen 3. It ___ 6 years since we left middle school. A. was

B. had been

C. has been

D. were 4. She ____ the book for 2 weeks. A. has lent

B. has borrowed

C. has bought

D. has kept 5. ---- I didn’t ask for the name list. Why ____ on my desk?

----- P put it there just now in case you needed it. A. does it land

B. has it landed

C. will it land

D. had it landed 6. ---- Look1 Somebody ____ the sofa.

----- Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.

A. is cleaning

B. was cleaning

C. has cleaned

D. had cleaned 7. ----- When shall we restart our business?

----- Not until we _____ our plan. A. will finish

B. are finishing

C. would finish

D. have finished 8. He ____ football regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playing

B. played

C. has played

D. had played

9. His sister left home in 1998, and _____ since. A. had not been heard of

B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of

D. has not heard of 10. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it __ all day. A. rained

B. rains

C. has rained

D. is raining 11. Judy is going to marry the sailor she _____ in Rome last year. A. meets

B. met

C. has met

D. would meet 12. Listen, Donna! I don’t care if you missed the bus this morning. You _____ late to work too many times. A. have been

B. had been

C. are

D. were 13. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _____ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. A. were deciding

B. have decided

C. decided

D. will decide 14. When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I ____ my mind. A. have changed

B. change

C. had changed

D. would change 15. ----- Oh, no! We’re too late. The train _________.

------ That’s OK. We’ll catch the next train to London. A. was leaving

B. had left

C. has left

D. has been leaving