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英语选修八 Unit 2 Cloning Period II

【课程标准】Let the students grasp the usages of the important words and phrases, such as: differ; undertake; object; owe; in favor of……

【重点难点】 Use the important words and phrases in communication. 【学习过程】

Step 1. Revision 1. Free talk Get the students on duty to give a three-minute free talk in order to improve their spoken English. 2. Dictation Get the students to spell some words learned in this unit Step 2. Presentation 1. Think about how they differ. 想一想他们如何不同。

differ v. 不同，相异，意见不一致

1)

The boy differed from his mother in character. 这个小孩在性格方面不同于他的母亲。

2)

The government differs with consumers on the prices of flats. 政府和消费者在房价方面意见不一致。

3)

It made no difference to me whether you told me about it or not. 你告不告诉我都不重要。

拓展 differ from…… 与……不同； differ in…… 在……方面不同

differ with sb. 与某人意见不同; be different from…… 不同于……

tell the difference between A and B 指出A与B的不同； make a difference有影响； make no difference to sb/sth 对某事没影响；对某人不重要

汉译英: 1)无论哪一方获胜，对我都不重要。

_______________________________________. 2)我与你在这个观点上是不同的。

_______________________________________. 2. It is a difficult task to undertake.（undertook; undertaken） undertake v. 从事, 保证

1) I’ll undertake your security. 我将保证你的安全. 2) He undertook to finish the job by Friday. 他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。(undertake to do sth 许诺做某事；同意做某事) 3) 我们可暂时担当这项工作。（译英）

_____________________________________________. 4) She ____________ the organization of the whole project.

A. undertook B. carried out C. put up D. took off 3. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough ---the cloning of Dolly the sheep. 但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996 年收获了突破性的结果-----克隆羊多莉。

pay off （1）得到好结果，取得成果

1) His efforts paid off when the girl accepted his proposal. 他的努力没白费，女孩接受了他的求婚。

2) Years of hard work _________________ in his future career. （多年的辛劳使他在以后的事业上获得了成功）

（2）偿清，还清

3) I _________________ by next month. （我到下个月就将还清所有的债务）

拓展

pay for 付钱买，付出代价

；pay the bill 付账

；pay back 还钱；还债；偿还

；

pay a visit to 拜访；pay attention to 注意

4) Who ______________（付钱）the book? 5) All the money you borrowed from the bank ______________.（必须归还）

4. On the other hand, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. 另一方面，多利的出生引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了巨大的影响。

objection不赞成；反对

1) Do you have any objections? 你有任何异议吗？

2) What’s _______________________? （你对我的计划有什么异议吗？）

3) I_____________________________.（我反对这项计划）

4) We object to being treated like this. 我们要抗议受到如此的待遇。

拓展

object vi 不赞成，反对 object to 反对

have /make a strong /great impact on ….

对… 有（产生）巨大影响

1)

The anti-smoking campaign ___________________________ young people. （有极大的影响）

2)

This book __________________________its readers （这本书对其读者产生了巨大的影响）

5. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human being. 有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的研究。

forbid vt (forbade/forbad, forbidden) 禁止；不准

1) Smoking is forbidden during take-off. 飞机起飞时禁止吸烟。

2) I _____________________________________.（我禁止你告诉任何人）

3) The law _______________________________. （禁止使用化学肥料）

4) You are _______________________________. （你们都不准离开）

拓展

forbid sth 禁止某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 forbid sb.to do sth. 禁止某人做某事。

6. Is it in favor of cloning or against? 是赞成克隆还是反对？

in favor of =be for

支持；赞成 反义词组: be against

反对

1) We ___________________________________your suggestion.（我们都赞同你的建议）

2) Some people _____________________________ the death penalty while others are against it. （有些人赞同死刑，而另一些人反对）

拓展

in sb’s favor 对某人有利 do sb. a favor (=do a favor for sb.) 帮某人一个忙 do sb. the favor to do sth (=do sb. a favor by doing sth.) 帮忙做某事

3) The present situation is in their favor. 目前的形势对他们有利

4）Can you __________________________ put the book back? （你能帮我这个忙把这本书放回去吗？）

7. You owe the lady an apology.

你得向这位女士道歉

owe vt 欠（帐，钱，人情等）；归功于

1) I owe my uncle$1000. 我欠我叔叔1000美元

2) We still _________________________ for those repairs. (欠汽修厂) 3）How much __________________________? （你欠他多少钱？）

拓展

owe sb. sth. / owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物

owe sb. for… 因…而欠某人

owe sth. to sb./sth 把某事归功于某人或某事

4) You owe it to your supporters not to give up now. 为了你的支持者，你现在不应放弃。

5) I owe my success to him. (译汉) ________________________________。

补充语言知识自读材料

1. 表"由于"的词组辨析 ①because of意为"由于，因为"，强调因果关系，在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。如：

We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback． 我们决不可因为这样一个小小的挫折而灰心丧气。 ②owing to与because of一样，也强调因果关系，除作状语外，也可作表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，可在句首或句末，用逗号隔开。如： They decided to cancel the flight，owing to the storm． 由于这场暴风雨，他们决定取消这个航班。 His death was owing to an accident．他死于一场事故。 ③due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与owing to同义，作状语时，不放句首且常不与其他成分隔开。如： This accident was due to（owing to）his careless driving．

（表语）

这次车祸是由于他开车疏忽大意造成的。

He arrived late due to（owing to）the storm．（状语）

由于暴风雨他来晚了。

Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences．（定语）

由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。 ④on account of与because of，owing to同义，但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语，不

作定语。如： He could not come on account of his illness．他因病不能前来。 That was on account of lack of exercise．那是由于缺乏锻炼。 ⑤thanks to表示"幸亏，多亏"多用于表达正面意思，相当于感谢，在句中作状语和表语。如： Thanks to your advice，much trouble was saved． 多亏你的建议，减少了许多麻烦。

2. 表 "得到" 的动词辨析 ①get是最普遍、使用范围最广的词，如： I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside. ②obtain包含着“努力”、“希望”或“决意”去获得某物的意思。如： The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts. ③acquire含有“努力获得”之意，但更强调在原来的基础上自然增长或增加。如：

She acquired a knowledge of English by careful study. ④gain有obtain相近，但更强调需要努力奋斗才能得到，而且这种东西具有价值：如：

A penny saved is a penny gained. (谚语) Step 3. Exercises (1) Complete the following sentences 1) The climate here differ _______ that of the South. 2) He will _______ _______ _______ next month (去旅行). 3) My main _______ _______ the plan is that it costs too much. (反对) 4) He is _______ _______ enter the room. (他被禁止进入这个房间). 5) He quickly _______ _______ _______ _______ (积蓄了一大笔财富). 6) Did you have much b______ finding the address? （周折）

7) She o_______ her doctor’s degree in 1996. （获得） 8) The weather is _______ _______ get better tomorrow. （一定）

(2) Multiple choice 1) I object to ____to like that. A. speaking B. spoke C. be spoken D. being spoken 2) Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents didn’t

____her to do so. A. forbid B. allow C. follow D. ask 3) Jill couldn’t resist ____about Tom’s baldness.

A. make jokes B. to make jokes C. making jokes D. make jokes 4) He is ____because of his failure in the exam. A. cast aside B. cast out C. cast away D. cast down 5) I’m ____ people going out and enjoying themselves so long as they don’t disturb other people. A. in favor of B. in charge of C. in terms of D. regardless of 6) We want our children to know that hard work ____. A. comes off B. gives off C. pays off D. sees off 7) It is clear that if we read English article every day, we ____ improve our English. A. are bounded to B. are bound to C. bound D. bound to 8) I’m very sorry to have ____ you with too many questions on such an occasion.

A. interfered B. cheated C. impressed D. bothered 9) She always differs ____ me ____ how to spend the vacation. A. on; with B. with; on C. at; with D. from; at 10) Dust ____in a room if we do not clean the room regularly. A. accomplishes B. accumulates C. accommodates D. achieves Homework Revise the Appositive clauses after class.