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2018届象贤中学英语第二轮复习

阅读理解之主旨大意题微技能指导（一）

授课老师：Monica

Before class：完成下列有关主旨大意的题目

Passage 1 (2016年四川卷)

(244字）

（___________文）

A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off —

if it is milked from a cow at night. Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin (褪黑激素),which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of

Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer. While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night. Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax. Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.

※What can be a suitable title for the text? A.

An Experiment on Mice.

B. Fat, Sugar and Health C. Night Milk and Sleep

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D. Milk Drinking and Health

Passage 2

(2017年河北保定期末考)

(345字）

（_________文）

You’re in your office when you learn there’s someone with a gun wandering outside. You can hear gunshots and screams. What do you do? That’s the challenge for users of a new virtual (虚拟)reality program called SurviVR, designed to train employees how to deal with an active shooter situation in the workplace. The program works with HTC Vive, the virtual reality headset released earlier this year. An active shooter situation is when an armed person or people actively shoot in a small, populated area with the intention to kill. There were 20 such situations in the United States last year and 20 the year before, according to FBI statistics, resulting in a total of 231 deaths. This year saw the deadliest active shooter situation in US history, with 49 people killed in a nightclub in Orlando. In the training situation, users have four choices. They can lock themselves in the office. They can hide, perhaps in the office closet. They can run for an exit. Or they can use something in the office—a computer or a cup a pair of scissors-as a weapon to fight the shooter. This is an improvement on standard active shooter training. Gallo says, which typically teachers people to lock themselves in place and hide. The “lock down” method is often ineffective, he says, and has resulted in many deaths in recent years. In the training’s basic level, no one gets killed. But as the trainings become more advanced, players who make a wrong choice be shot. There’s no blood; the screen simply turns black slowly. If this sounds terrifying, that’s the point, says Gallo. There are plenty of training programs to teach employees how to deal with workplace violence, sometimes involving role play with toy guns. But these trainings are basically games. Gallo says, with employees relaxed and even enjoying themselves. To teach people what they really need to know for an active shooter situation, they need to be scared. “SurviVR will take the fear and turn it into confidence.” Gallo says.

※What’s the author’s purpose of describing a dangerous scene in Para. 1?

A. To show the challenge that the readers are required to face.

B. To attract the readers’ attention on the new virtual reality program.

C. To warn the readers of the possible dangers in the working place.

D. To inform the readers of the correct response in such a situation ※What would be the best title? A. New Virtual Reality Program on Active Shooter Training 2

B. What Should You Do When Meeting Gunshots in the Workplace? C. How to Deal with an Active Shooter Situation?

D. Employees Need to Be Scared of the Workplace Violence.

Passage 3

(2016年华附模拟)

(336字）

（___________文）

Winston Churchill is probably the most popular British prime minister ever. Having served as a soldier and politician, he is often considered among the greatest of Britons. While his heroic stand against the Nazis is well know, there are still a few facts about the popular politician that might surprise you. His Cigars The classic image of Winston Churchill includes a giant cigar stuck between his lips. Churchill developed his love of cigars as a young man, when he traveled to Cuba. For the rest of his life, he smoked eight or nine cigars every day. However, he almost never took a puff(吸，抽), preferring to chew on the end until it went out, then relight it and start again. To prevent the cigar becoming soggy (湿软的), Churchill invented the “bellybando”, a strip of brown paper which could be glued around the end. At any given time, Churchill had 3,000 to 4,000 cigars in his house, mostly his favorite Romeo & Juliet brand. On one occasion, the president of Cuba presented Churchill with 2,400 top-quality cigars, although his security team insisted one cigar from each box be sent off and tested for poison. Perhaps the story that best shows his love of cigars occurred during World War II, when he had a special oxygen mask designed so that he could still smoke his cigar on a high-altitude flight. His Black Dog Throughout his life, Churchill probably suffered from depression, which he called his “black dog”. At times, his depression was so severe that he didn’t like standing close to a passing train or looking at the ocean from a ship because he feared that he would commit suicide. When he was depressed, Churchill would almost spend a great deal of time in bed and lose his ability to concentrate. However, when not depressed, Churchill was full of energy, usually working and talking until the early hours of the morning. He often described how “all the colors come back into the picture”.

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※What is probably the best title of the passage?

Passage 4 （2016年甘肃天水一中模拟）

（319字）

(__________文) Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation(创新) that threatens the survival of companies everywhere. It's based on the assumption that old ideas will always work, so they shouldn't be challenged. While this may be a valid assumption in situations that don't change, it's unlikely to hold true in a changing situation. In today's rapid changing global environment, old methods often don't work, and stubbornly using them can lead to major problems.

Most people seem to agree with conventional wisdom because it gives one a false sense of security. If everyone else believes it, then it must be true. Individuals who use conventional wisdom are certain that they are right, and being right is good. They want to continue using old ideas rather than take risks with changes that might not work. In 1977, Ken Olsen, cofounder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), stated “There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home.” Despite being a dominant leader in the computer industry, DEC no longer exists.

People seem to forget that since innovation is a change, there can be no innovation without change. Unfortunately, conventional wisdom prevents leaders, followers and companies from changing and therefore innovating. If companies don't innovate, but their competitors do, the future is likely to be problematic. Breaking from conventional wisdom has led to many of the most innovative companies and products in history across many industries, so it has a powerful effect on business success.

※The passage is mainly written to tell us that ________.

A. successful companies need wise leaders

B. opportunities lead to business success

C. old methods are changing with time

D. conventional wisdom limits innovation

A. Achievements of Churchill

B. Personalities of Churchill C. Anecdotes about Churchill

D. Hobbies of Churchill

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2018届象贤中学英语第二轮复习

授课老师：Monica

阅读理解之主旨大意题微技能指导（一）

【Learning objectives】

1.

Able to identify the questions forms of main idea 2.

Able to get the main idea of a paragraph by finding out the topic sentence 3.

Able to get the main idea or the best title of a passage by finding out the topic sentence 【Learning Focus】

Master the skill of finding topic sentence of a passage 【Learning difficulty】

Able to find out the topic sentence of a passage quickly based on its genre

Step1: Lead-in 1.

Discuss your homework with your group members. 2.

Review exercises in Guangzhou Model Test 1 and then find out questions related to main idea. 3.

Summarize the question forms of main idea from your homework and Guangzhou Model Test 1.

Step2: 课中

※

Task 1----Identify the questions concerning main idea Classification and Question Forms 1.

____________类

①__________________________________

②__________________________________

③__________________________________ 2.

____________类

①__________________________________

②__________________________________ 5

③__________________________________ 3.

____________类

①__________________________________

②__________________________________

③__________________________________

※

Task 2----Get the main idea of a paragraph:Find out the topic sentence Sample 1 Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America. About 160,440 Americans die each year from it. More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization. Feature/Structure:

Sample 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be designed to satisfy all students at the same time. Feature/Structure:

Sample 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out. Feature/Structure:

※

Task3----Get the main idea of a passage or choose the best title 根据文体快速找主题句（回顾课前作业）

Summarize the location of topic sentence in different genres 说明文/科普文/科学研究/议论文：

记叙文：

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Step3: Practice Passage 1 (2016广东六校联盟) （345字）（_________文）

Gregory Talley used to sleep in a park or under a bridge. The 50-year-old has been homeless for more than 10 years.

"It is hard. It's hard to live homeless. You filled every day trying to find out where you are going to get something to eat. If I hadn't found wonderful Fairfax County Kennedy Shelter, I wouldn't know where I would be by now. I might be dead," Talley said.

The Kennedy Shelter is one of the facilities New Hope Housing provides for homeless people. Pam Michell has devoted her life to making the lives of this vulnerable (易受伤的)population "I went to Africa in 1985. And I saw a huge amount of poverty, but I saw so much hope. And I When Michell began working with New Hope Housing 25 years ago, its three shelters had better as executive director of the non-profit organization. decided that I should try to do something that would bring hope to people," Michell said. about 80 beds. Now, it has 350 beds and serves about 1,500 homeless people every year. She has expanded the program beyond just providing beds for the night.

"We do outreach(拓展), we do prevention, we do permanent housing, we do transitional housing. We have an education program with all sorts of different things to move people to end their homelessness," she said,"Our Out of Poverty program is not just about money. It's about you could be spiritually poor, you could be relationship poor ... you could be educationally poor. So it is focusing on how you get out of this poverty that has brought you to being homeless." The program tries to teach the shelter residents self-reliance (自立) and work values, and includes courses on planning and personal responsibility.

"l learned I still have opportunities to change it and I can change it," said shelter resident Lewis Webster. "It is just about going forth in doing necessary work to do it. I mean if you really want better, you would do better and that's the frame of mind of me now."

1. Gregory Talley’s story is told at the beginning of the text to _________ .

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A. tell readers the situation for the poor in the US is getting worse B. introduce a non-profit organization that is trying to help the poor in the US C. disclose the truth that more and more homeless people are dying from hunger D. remind readers that the homeless people in the US have no trouble getting food A. Comfort in the Kennedy Shelter

B. Ways to achieve success 2. What may be the best title for the text? C. An Opportunity to Fight Homelessness

D. An Organisation to End Homelessness

Passage 2 （2017年全国二卷C篇）

（312字）

( __________文) Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transition –

has two seats wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon. Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.

And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.

Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted z&xxkthe company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition

is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards. Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition,a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet. 3. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. The basic data of the Transition.

B. The advantages of flying cars. C. The potential market for flying cars.

C. The designers of the Transition. 4. What is the best title for the text?

A. Flying Car at Auto Show

B. The Transition’s Fist Flight

C. Pilots’ Dream Coming True

D. Flying Car Closer to Reality

Homework Finish ex. in《新高考二轮---精讲版》P17、24、30（历年全国卷真题）

Don’t forget to apply what you have learned in this lesson into your homework.

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