Grammar教学设计实例

教学内容：定语从句

授课教师：阎敦富

授课时间：May 28.2018

教学目标：指导学生熟练掌握定语从句的用法。

教学步骤：

Step 1.一、关系词的用法

引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语成分。

关系词

who whom whose that which as when where why 被修饰的先行词

指人的词

指人的词

指人或物的词

指人或物的词

指物的词或整个主句

指人或物的词或整个主句

表示时间的名词

表示地点的名词

表示原因的名词reason 关系词在从句

中充当的成分

主语、宾语

宾语

定语

主语、宾语、表语

主语、宾语

主语、宾语

时间状语

地点状语

原因状语

Step2 .二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

定语从句中的介词或定语从句的谓语部分中的介词有时会提到关系代词前面，形成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。使用该结构时要注意以下几个问题：

1．介词的确定

该结构中的介词应依据定语从句的谓语部分的习惯搭配或介词与先行词的搭配来确定。

①Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands？(根据shake hands with...确定) ②He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(根据先行词的需要确定，即through the telescope) 1

2．关系代词的使用

介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不用that。指物时用which，指人时用whom，作定语时用whose。

The factory in which he once worked is torn down. The woman to whom I talked just now is my English teacher. Last month，part of the province was struck by floods，from whose effects the people are still suffering. 3．“不定代词或数词＋of＋关系代词”结构

“不定代词或数词＋of＋关系代词”常在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。

China has a lot of islands，one of which is Taiwan.There are a lot of students here，none of whom like the film. 4．“名词＋of which”结构

“名词＋of which”常代替“whose＋名词”在定语从句中作定语。

I saw some trees，the leaves of which(＝whose leaves) were black with disease. He mentioned a book，the title of which(＝whose title) I've forgotten. Step3.三、which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别

当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时，关系代词用which或as，但二者的用法也有区别。

1．which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而as引导的从句可在主句前、主句后，也可以在主句中间。

I failed again in the match，which was a great pity. As we had expected，he opposed the plan. 2．which通常意为“这；这一点”，as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如”。

He sold his bicycle，which surprised me. As we know，smoking is harmful to our health. ＝Smoking is harmful to our health，as we know. 注意：有时限制性定语从句也可用as引导，但此时先行词前一般有the same，as，such，so等词修饰。

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3．which引导的此类定语从句与前面的主句往往存在着“因果”逻辑关系，主句为“因”，which引导的定语从句表示“果”。

Jim is addicted to computer games，which upsets his parents very much. 四、先行词表示时间、地点、原因、方式的时候，如果在从句中作主语或者宾语，用which或者that引导；如果在从句中作状语，分别用when，where，why，in which/ that引导。

1．这部电影使我想起了我是中学生的时候。

The film reminded me of the time when I was a middle school student. 2．这部电影让我想起了和奶奶一起度过的日子。

The film reminded me of the days(that/ which)I spent with my grandma. 3．在国外生活了20年之后，他回到了生他、养他的故乡。

Having lived abroad for 20 years，he returned to the hometown where he was born and brought up. 4．他爸爸曾经在前天我们参观的那个小镇上工作过。

His father once worked in the town(that/ which)we visited the other day. 5．他比赛失败的原因是他太紧张了。

The reason why he failed the match was that he was too nervous. 但是如果先行词在句中作主语和宾语，只能用who，whom，which和that。试比较：

6．你对我解释的原因只是一个借口而已。

The reason( that/which )you explained to me was only an excuse. 7．他回答问题的方式让人吃惊。

The way( in which/ that)he answered the questions was surprising. 8．你有没有想出一个能解决这个问题的方法？

Have you thought of a way that/ which can work out the problem? Step4.

巩固提高：

Exercise

on

the

big screen Step5.小结：

总结关系代词和关系副词的用法。

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