Grammar and usage(1): Direct speech and reported speech优秀教案

高一英语模块4第3单元Grammar导学案

内容：M4U3 课题：

Grammar-

The Passive Voice 课时：Grammar 1 学习要求：

The Passive Voice

知识梳理：

A.何时使用被动语态

1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要

如：He was wounded in the fight.

2. 需要强调动作的承受者时

如：Calculators can't be used in the Maths exam.

Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away.

3.为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。

如：

Electricity is used to run machines. The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.

B. 被动语态的构成

1. be + done 可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj. 不带

by短语。

如：

The question is settled.

The composition is well written. (系表) Such questions are settled by us. (被动) The composition is written with great care . (被动)

2. 许多verbs (broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做表语.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。如：

①I was worried about you all night. (表状态)

I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表动作)

②The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作)

The glass is broken. (表状态)

C.

不同形式的被动语态

1. 含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构，变为被动时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动(一般将主动结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语)：

He showed me his pictures.

---> I was shown his pictures by him.

His pictures were shown to me by him.

Aunt made me a new dress.

-->

I was made a new dress by aunt.

A new dress was made for me by aunt.

He sent me a birthday present.

I was sent a birthday present by him.

2含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。

(1) 将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。

He left the door open.

The door war left open by him.

（2）

make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, notice. Help等动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不加to，变为被动，必须加to.

如：My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.

I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young.

I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night.

She was heard to move about in her room upstairs last night.

Did you see Jack take away the magazine?

Was Jack seen to take away the magazine?

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3. 情态动词的被动语态。是由情态V+be+p.p.构成

如：They can not find him.

——〉He can’t not be found.

You must pay me for this.

——〉I must be paid for this.

D. 注意事项

1. 短语动词的被动语态

一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被动语态; 但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，因而可以有被动语态；

但应注意短语V是一个不可分割的整体。变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的prep或adv。这样的短语有：look after,

listen to,

look at,

pay attention to,

take care of, look forward to,

make uses of,

etc.

如：They had put out the fire before the fire-brigade arrived.

——>The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived.

They will set up a new public school here. ——> A new public school will be set up here.

2. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义。.

如：The goods sells well.

货物卖得好。

The door can't open.

门开不了。

The news proves wrong.

那消息被证明是错误的。

3.有些词如want, need, require和

be worth, deserve后面，v-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。

如：The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.

The book is worth reading.

4.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it.

如：We know that Britain is an island country. ---->It’s known that Britain is an island country.

The teacher said that this book has been translated into several languages

It’s said that this book has been translated into several languages

5. 宾语为反身代词，相互代词及虚词it时，不用被动，只用主动。

如：I will do it myself.

The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang.

6. 谓语动词是以下时，无被动。

happen,

belong to,

suit, fit(适合),

have, let,

join,

fall,

last（延长）, cost（花费）

break out（爆发）appear, burst out(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack（缺乏），agree with（同意）.

7. 据说类动词：say, consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest, understand, hope, etc.

如：It is said/ considered/ thought/ reported/ known/ believed/ suggested/

understood/ hoped that从句…

Sth. /Sb. is said/ considered/ thought/ reported/ known/ believed/ suggested understood/hoped to do/be doing/ have done .

8.主动形式表被动

①

sound, taste, smell, fell, look, seem等当主语是物时

，后接ad；主动形式+形容词

例如：The dishes taste delicious.

He always looks healthy.

②

一些vi主动形式+状语，用以表示主语的品质和状态，主动形式表被动含义如：

open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink,

如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。

The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。

Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.

The cloth washes well .这种布好洗。

③

一些vt也没有被动含义pay, draw, take part in, belong to ,own, have, hate, fail, contain

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例如：He doesn’t like to fail the test.

④不定式to blame, to let（出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动含义

例如：

You’re to blame.

The car is to let.

⑤lose heart, make a face, keep silence, lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。

例如：Lilei always lose himself in thought. ⑥不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系.常见形容词有：

hard, difficult, easy, heavy , fit, good, comfortable, convenient, impossible等。

The problem is easy to solve.容易做

The question is difficult to answer. 难回答

The box is too heavy to move. 搬不动

The project is impossible to complete in a year.

E.动词被动语态考点解读

a、既考查时态又考查语态

①–- Why did you leave that position? (2005北京)

-- I __________ a better position at IBM. A. offer

B. offered

C. am offered

D. was offered ②More patients ______in hospital this year than last year.

(2004江苏) A. treated

B have treated

C. had been treated

D. have been treated b、考查动词的及物与不及物

①The hero’s story ______________ differently in the newspapers.

（2005全国卷II）

A．was reported

B．was reporting

C．reports

D. reported

②Of the seven brothers only four now ______; the rest are dead.

A. remain

B. leave

C. stay

D. is remained c、考查主动形式表示被动意义

①.——Do you like the material?

——Yes, it______ very soft.

A. is feeling

B. felt

C. feels

D. is felt ②This sentence needs_____.

A. a improvement

B. improve

C .improving

D. improved d、考查动词词组在被动语态中的介词问题

I promise that the matter will______.

A. be taken care

B. be taken care of

C. take care

D. take care of e、隐含考查被动语态（非谓语动词中对过去分词的考查）

①Most of the artists ______to the party were from South Africa.

A. invited

B. to invite

C. being invited

D. had been invited ②The Olympic Games, ____in 776 BC, did not include women players until 1912.

A. first playing

B. to be first played

C. first played

D. to be first playing f、对被动语态习惯句型的考查

①I don’t know the restaurant, but it’s ______to be quite a good one.

A. said

B. told

C. spoken

D. talked

②We heard it _____that he had gone to New York.

A. say

B. said

C. to say

D. be said 单句改错

1. I have to stay in the hotel because my house is repair. 2. He went home one day earlier than expecting. 第3页（共4页）

3. Devoting to his work, he has made great achievements so far. 4. The box is too heavy to be lifted. 5. Great changes have been taken place in Wuxi after the reform. 6. A great number of books donated to the library are proved to be good. 小试牛刀

1. --- Is Bob still performing ?

--- I’m afraid not. He is said ______ the stage already as he has become an official.

A. to have left

B. to leave

C. to have been left

D. to be left 2. --- Don’t you think it necessary that he _____ to Miami but to New York ?

--- I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that

B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what

D. should not send; what 3. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A. has been caused

B. had been caused

C. will be caused

D. will have been caused 4. Much attention should ____ the rapid increase in the number of cars on the roads, which may____ traffic jams and more accidents. A. pay to; result in

B. be paid; result from

C. be paid to; result in

D. be paid; result from 5. She is very shy and she is not used to ____ in front of others. A. praise

B. praising

C. being praised

D. be praised 6. –What did the students think of the speech made by the lecturer yesterday?

--To tell you the truth, the students were all _____ with the ___speech. A. boring; boring

B. boring; bored

C. bored; bored

D. bored; boring 7. My sister ______ a good chance to go abroad for further education. A. offered

B. was offering

C. has offered

D. was offered 8. Today many young people enjoy chatting on the net, but their sentences ______. A．never read

B. are never read

C. weren’t read

D. didn’t read

9. Every possible means ____ to prevent the air pollution, but sky is still not clear. A. is used

B. are used

C. have used

D. has been used 10. – George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?

-- No. I __ .Did they have a big wedding? A. was not invited

B. have not been invited

C. hadn’t been invited

D. didn’t invite

11. Don’t make a noisy! The latest sports news ________ on the radio. I want to listen to it.

A. is being broadcast

B. was broadcast

C. has broadcast

D. is broadcast

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