Learning about Language优秀教学设计

Learning about language：复习过去分词

（对比现在分词和动词不定式）

1.Teaching goals

1) 知识目标

Let students learn to use the past participle as the attributive, predicative, object complement and adverbial. 2) 能力目标

Enable students learn how to use the past participle as the attributive, predicative, object complement and adverbial correctly and properly. 3) 情感目标

①

Improve students’ spiritual motivation for learning English and encourage students to have more confidence in themselves. ②

Get students to become interested in grammar learning. ③

Develop students’ sense of group cooperation. 2. 教学重难点

①

How to use the past participle as the attributive, predicative, object complement and adverbial.

②

Writing an article by using the past participle or present participle. 3. 教学方法

Teacher’s guidance, individual work and practice. 4. 教学步骤

Step one: Lead-in

Step two: Review

Step three: Practice Step four: Choice

Step five: Writing

Step Six: Homework 5. 教学过程

Step 1 Lead-in 分词形式：有现在分词和过去分词。

过去分词只有一种形式done。

现在分词则有：(以do为例) 现在分词

主动语态

1 被动语态

doing being done 一般式

having done having been done 完成式

不定式则有：(以do为例) 不定式

主动语态

被动语态

to do to be done 一般式

to have done to have been done 完成式

to be doing 进行式

∕

to have been doing 完成进行式

∕

（不定式进行式和完成进行式没有主动语态）

Step 2 过去分词的基本用法：

看下面的例句，指出过去分词在句中作什么句子成分。

1. Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.

定语

(=The air and water which are polluted are harmful to people’s health) 2. He looked worried after reading the letter.

表语

3. I’ll have my hair cut.

宾语补足语

4. Given more time, we can do the work much better.

状语

Step 3Ⅰ

过去分词作定语时，其语法功能相当于一个定语从句。单个过去分词作定语时，通常置于被修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，通常置于被修饰的名词之后；单个过去分词作定语时，有时也可以放在名词的后面。注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。

练一练

①

The old man, _____ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.

A. to work

B. working

C. to have worked

D. having worked ②

The cars_____ in Beijing are as good as those _____ in Shanghai.

A. produce; produce

B. produced; produced

C. produced; producing

D. producing; producing ③

The flowers ______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

A. to smell

B. smelling

C. smelt

D. to be smelt ④

Henry can’t attend the party _____ at Tom’s house at present because he is preparing for the speech at the party _____ at Marie’s house.

A. being held; to be held

B. held; being held

C. to be held; held

D. to be held; to be held ⑤

The life of the wounded soldier ____ is still in danger.

A. operating on

B. operated on

C. having been operated

D. to operate on 参考答案：1-5 DBBAB

归纳总结：

（1）过去分词修饰something, everything, anything, nobody, nothing等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词后面, 例如②中第二空；

（2）过去分词作定语表示一个已经发生的被动动作或者没有时间性的状态，例如②中第一空和⑤；

（3）现在分词的一般被动式作定语时，表示一个正在发生的被动动作，例如④中第一空;

（4）不定式的被动式则支动作的尚未发生，例如④中第二空。

（5）现在分词的完成被动式在句中多作状语，不能作定语，例如⑤。

2

Ⅱ

过去分词作表语并无完成或被动之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。过去分词作表语往往表示主语的一种状态，而被动语态则表示一个被动的动作。不定式作表语表示将去完成的某一具体动作。过去分词作表语时，系动词除了是be之外，还可以是appear, feel, remain, seem, look, sound, get, become等。

My glasses were broken.

（状态）

My glasses were broken by my son. （动作）

练一练

用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

Tom: Hi, you look

1

(tire). Jerry: I am. I’m totally

2

(burn) out. Tom: Why? What have you been doing? Jerry: I’ve been doing my homework all day. I’m getting very

3

(bore) with it. Tom: That’s

4

(disappoint). I think you’ll be

5

(please) when it’s finished.

Jerry: Yes, you’re right. But I still have plenty of work to do. School is too

6

(challenge). Tom: When do you think you will finish your homework? Jerry: In about two hours, I think. Tom: Don’t worry. Just think of how

7

(relax) you’ll be when it’s finished.

参考答案：1. tired

2. burnt/burned

3. bored

4. disappointing

5. pleased

6. challenging

7. relaxed

归纳总结：

（1）过去分词作表语含有被动的意思；而现在分词作表语具有主动的意思。

（2）动词-ing形式多和表物的名词连用，例如第

4，6空；动词的-ed形式多和人连用，例如第1，2，3，5，7空。

Ⅲ

过去分词可以作宾语补足语，能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动或已完成意义，有时侯两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。

不定式和分词都可以用作补足语，但是用法和意义都有所不同。请看下表：

宾语和补补语的

选择

例

句

语的关系

动作情况

非谓语形式

1. They are watching the children playing (play) football on the playground.

主谓

正在进行

现在分词

他们正在操场上看孩子们踢足球。

2. Can you see the house being built (build)? 被动

正在进行

现在分词

的被动式

你看见那座正在建的房子了吗？

3. Now let me hear you play (play) the piano. 主谓

动作过程

不定式

现在让我来听你弹钢琴。

4. She stood on the desk in order to make herself 已完成或

被动

动作过程

过去分词

seen (see).

她站在桌子上想让大家看到她。

5. We found the town greatly changed (change)

3

主谓

已完成状态

不及物动词的since liberation. 过去分词

我们发现这座城镇解放后发生了很大的变化。

归纳总结：

（1）表示感觉的动词hear, see, watch, notice, feel等和使役动词have, make, keep, leave等即可以接分词也可以接不定式。这些动词接现在分词表示主动、进行的动作，例如1；接过去分词表示被动、完成的动作，例如4；而接不定式作宾补则表示动作发生了，指事情的全过程，例如3。

（2）可以带过去分词作宾补的动词有：

1. see, hear, watch, feel, find等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。

2. make, get, have, leave等表示“致使”意义的动词。

3. like, want, wish, order等表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词。

Ⅳ 过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句的主语，且与主语之间存在着被动关系。现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与动词形式所表示的动作之间是主动关系。过去分词作状语可表示时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等。

练一练

Find some mistakes in the sentences below, and then correct them.

1. Used the book, I find it useful.

2. Deeply moving by his words, the old man agreed to his request.

3. When asking what he was going to be, the boy said that he wanted to be a scientist in the future.

4. His eyes still fixing on the lamp, he did some serious thinking.

5. Compared the new building with the old one, we find that the new one looks more beautiful.

6. The soldiers lay on the ground, being covered with nothing.

参考答案：1. Used→ Using

2. moving→ moved

3. asking→ asked

4. fixing→ fixed

5. Compared→ Comparing

6. being covered→ covered 归纳总结：

（1）过去分词作状语时，前边可以加when, while, if, unless, once, as if, though, wherever等连词, 构成“连词

+ 过去分词”形式, 可以理解为省略了主语和Be, 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为一个。例如3。

（2）过去分词的独立主格结构作状语，如果过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，就要用过去分词的独立主格结构作状语。其结构是“逻辑主语+过去分词”。例如4。

（3）方式状语不用现在分词的被动式，而用过去分词，例如6。

Step 4

Choice 1. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _____ as the plane was making a landing.

A. seat

B. seating

C. seated

D. to be seating

2. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____ whether they will enjoy it.

A. to see

B. to be seen

C. seeing

D. seen

3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.

A. pay

B. paying

C. paid

D. to pay

4. It is believed that if a book is _____, it will surely _____ the readers.

A. interested; interest

B. interesting; be interested

C. interested; be interesting

D. interesting; interest

5. —I’m very ____ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.

4

—Mm, it does have a ____ smell.

A. pleasant; pleased

B. pleased; pleased

C. pleasant; pleasant

D. pleased; pleasant 6. Don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth.

A. run

B. running

C. being run

D. to run

7. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen.

A. smoke

B. smoking

C. to smoke

D. smoked

8. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.

A. carry out

B. carrying out

C. carried out

D. to carry out

9. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ____ clear warnings before firing any shots.

A. to issue

B. being issued

C. to have issued

D. to be issued

10. The _____ boy was last seen _____ near the East Lake.

A. missing; playing

B. missing; play

C. missed; played

D. missed; to play 参考答案：

1－5 CBCDD

6-10 BBCAA

Step 5 练一练

写作

假定你陪同一位美国朋友去游览长城，请根据以下要点向他介绍一下长城的历史和现状。

写作内容：

1．介绍长城的概况；（是界世奇观之一，汉语常叫“万里长城”）；

2．长城的历史（始建于春秋战国时期，公元前221年，秦始皇令人把城墙连接起来。）；

3

每天游客如织。

写作要求：

1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

写作提示：

the Ten-thousand-Li Great Wall

万里长城

Spring and Autumn Period

春秋战国时期

One possible version: Dear Tom,

It is my honor to introduce the Great Wall to you.

The Great Wall, called

in Chinese “

the Ten-thousand-li Great wall”, is more than 6 000 kilometers long, four to five meters wide and six to seven meters high, which is one of the wonders of the world.

First built during the Spring and Autumn Period, the Great Wall has often been added to, rebuilt and repaired later. In 221 BC, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls joined up. All the work done by hand, thousands of people working on the wall died and were buried under the wall because of bad conditions.

The Great Wall, greeting

many visitors from all over the world every day, is the pride of the Chinese people. Step 6

Homework Polish the wring

5