Learning about Language名师教学设计1

动词-ed形式的用法

一、动词-ed形式作定语

过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词

(the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如：

spoken English (英语口语)；iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；

cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条);

但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。

1. The tall man is a returned student.高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。

2. My parents are both retired teachers.我的父母都是退休教师。

(1)前置定语

单个的动词-ed形式, 一般放在被修饰名词的前面, 作前置定语。

The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。

(=the people who were excited)

Lost time can never be found again. 虚度的时光, 无法挽回。

(=time which is lost)

(2)后置定语

①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。

1. Everything used should be marked.所有用过的东西应该做好标记。

2. Among the invited were some ladies. 被邀请的人中, 有些是女士。

3. The books left are for my students.

剩下的书是给我的学生的。

②

动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动, 可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词

(仅限于单个过去分词, 且不能后置) 则表示完成, 可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。

1. Is there anything planned for tonight?

今晚有什么活动吗?

(=that has been planned for tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success．这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。

(=________________________________)

3. We drank some boiled water

(=_______________) and went on with our work.

我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。

练习：1）Most of the artists ________(invite) to the party were from South Africa.

2) The first text books __________(write) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

3) The Olympic games, first________(play) in 776 BC, didn't include women players until 1912. 4) Prices of daily foods ________(buy) through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002年全国春) 5) Mr. Smith, _______(tire) of the speech, started to read a ______(bore) novel.

(2003 北京春) 二、动词-ed形式作表语

过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：

He looked worried after reading the letter．

看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。

When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。

He seemed quite delighted at the idea．

听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。

常见的作表语的过去分词有

:

amused (愉快的)；

broken (碎了的)；closed (关闭的)；

astonished (吃惊的)；crowded (拥挤的)；

experienced (有经验的); delighted (高兴的)；

lost (丢失的)；gone (遗失的)；

disappointed (失望的)；worried (担忧的)；

interested (感兴趣的) tired (疲劳的) pleased (高兴的)；satisfied (满意的)；

surprised (吃惊的); married (已婚的)；

known (著名的)

等等

练习：1）Cleaning women in big cities usually get ______(pay) by the hour.

2) As we joined the big crowd I got ________(separate) from my friends.

3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________(seat) as the plane was making a landing.

(2004 上海) 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语

(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。

We thought the game lost．我们认为球赛输了。

I have never heard him spoken ill of others.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。

She felt a great weight taken off her mind．她觉得心里轻松了些。

They considered the matter settled．他们认为这问题解决了。

(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。

I have my hair cut once a month. 我每个月理一次发。

He was trying to make himself understood．他正努力使别人听懂自己。

She held her hands pressed against her face.她用双手按着脸。

注意：“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：

① (请人)把某事做完。

She had her house repaired．

她请人把屋子修好了。

Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发?

②遭遇某种意外情况。

He had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。

She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。

③

完成某事

(自己也可能参与)。

I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected．我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。

He has had one thousand yuan saved this year. 他今年已存了1000元。

(3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like, want, wish, expect, order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。

He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting．他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。

The students wish the TV serial plays continued．

学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。

(4) 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。

The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在后面。

With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden．

周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花, 他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。

1) --- Good morning. Can I help you?

--- I’d like to have this package _________(weigh), madam.

2) The missing boys were last seen _________(play) near the river.

3) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______(carry out) the next year. (NMET2000) 4) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ________(repaire) went wrong again.

四、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语

过去分词作状语来源于状语从句，在句中一般能作五种状语，即___-____________________________________

1.Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.

因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。

(Caught in a heavy rain相当于原因状语从句=_____________________________) 2.Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。

(Grown in rich soil 相当于条件状语从句=________________________________) 表示伴随情况或方式:

The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs.

训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。

He walked up and down the room, lost in thought.

他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。

注意：有时可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语，即“while (when, once, until, if, though等连词) + 过去分词”结构。

When heated, ice can be changed into water.

冰加热时变成水。

现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别

1. 逻辑关系:

1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的_____________。

1.He went out, shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。

2.Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

2) 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示

的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的__________。

Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better.

如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 遇到困难时我们必须克服。

2. 时间概念:如果动词作状语表示的动作发生在主语谓语动词动作之前，则要用____________,即_______________（表主动）和_________________（表被动）

Having finished his homework, he went home. 完成了作业，他就回家了。

Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made.

进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。