Using LanguageⅡ名师课堂实录

1.You

owe

the

lady

an

apology.(P13)

你应该向那位女士道歉。

owe

vt.

欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……

Have you paid me back the money you owed me yet?

你欠我的钱还给我了吗?

I owe you an apology for my rudeness.

我太粗鲁了,应该向你道歉。

I owe it to you that I am still alive.

幸亏有你我现在才仍然活着。

He owes his success to his hard work.

他把自己的成功归功于辛勤的工作。

归纳总结

owe...to...欠……;把……归功于……;应感激……

owe...to...for...因……欠……

owe sb.sth.(=owe sth.to sb.)欠某人某物

联想拓展

owing adj.

欠的;未付的

owing to... 因为;由于

Owing to the rain,we stayed home all day long.

由于下雨,我们一整天都待在家里。

2.So

Freddy

made

up

his

mind

to

enjoy

his

singing

and

to

accumulate

as

many

happy

experiences

as

he

could

so

that

when

he

retired

he

would

be

able

to

look

back

on

his

life

with

satisfaction.(P13)

所以弗雷迪下定决心要享受唱歌的乐趣,还要尽他所能积聚尽可能多的幸福经历,以便退休后他能够满意地回顾自己的一生。

此句式包含“as+adj./adv.(+a/an)+n.+as”的结构。

Mary is as beautiful a girl as Daisy.

玛丽和黛西是一样漂亮的女孩。

I have read as many English books as you have.

我读过的英语书和你读过的一样多。

联想拓展

“as+形容词/副词原级+as”表示“前者和后者一样……”,其否定形式为“not as/so...as...”。

John is nearly as tall as his father.

约翰差不多和他爸爸一样高了。

He spoke as loudly as he could to make himself heard by all the audience.

为了让所有的听众听到他的声音,他用足力气大声讲话。

He was not so successful as some of the other young men of his time.

在他那个年代他没有取得和其他年轻人一样的成功。

3.However,the

problem

that

she

later

developed

a

serious

lung

disease

bothered

scientists.(P14)

但是,她后来得了严重的肺病,这个问题让科学家们感到烦恼。

bother

v.花费时间或精力(做某事);打扰;给(某人)造成麻烦(或痛苦)

n.

烦扰;困难

You didn’t bother me.On the contrary,I like your company.

你没有打扰我,相反,我喜欢有你做伴。

Don’t bother if it’s too much trouble.

这事要是太麻烦,你就别费神了。

Don’t bother answering his letter.

你不必回复他的信。

I’m sorry that I have to bother you with/about this problem.

对不起,我要因这个问题来麻烦你了。

You don’t bother to get dinner for me today;I’ll eat out.

今天不必为我预备饭了,我要在外边吃。

Doing the laundry every week is a terrible bother.

每星期洗衣服麻烦死了。

It bothers me that he didn’t pass the exam.

我心烦的是他没通过考试。

归纳总结

bother sb.with/about sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人

bother doing/to do sth.费心做某事

It bothers sb.that/to do sth.使某人苦恼的是……

词义辨析

bother,disturb,trouble和annoy

这组词都表示“使人不得安宁”或“心烦意乱”。

(1)bother指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安宁,可能是故意的,含有使人讨厌的意味。

(2)disturb指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁,精力不能集中,语气比bother弱。

(3)trouble常指内心失去平静,感到忧虑、苦恼。

(4)annoy通常指重复性的行为使(别人)生气,常用于被动语态,表示为某事烦恼、生气。

He felt much disturbed at the news.

对于这个消息他深感不安。

What’s troubling you—money problems?

什么事令你忧虑不安——资金问题吗?

These flies are annoying me.

这些苍蝇一直在烦扰我。

4.Dolly’s

death,like

her

birth,was

bound

to

raise

worries.(P14)

多莉之死,正如她的出世一样,注定要带来焦虑。

be

bound

to

do

sth.

注定做某事;有法律责任或有义务做某事

You’ve done so much work that you’re bound

to

pass the exam.

你已经做了这么多努力,因此你一定能通过考试。

I feel bound

to

tell you that you’re drinking too much!

我觉得有必要跟你说你喝得太多了!

联想拓展

be bound up in sth. 忙于某事;热衷于某事

be bound up with sth. 与某事关系密切

be bound for... 准备去……

I’m sorry I couldn’t come to see you this morning.I was bound up in some urgent matters.

对不起,今天上午我没能来看你,我在忙于处理一些急事。

Our memories and habits are bound up with the structure of the brain.

我们的记忆和习惯与脑的构造有密切的联系。

This train was bound for Shanghai.

这列火车是开往上海的。

5.Did

she

die

young

because

she

was

a

clone?(P14)

她死得早是因为她是克隆羊吗?

句中的young是形容词做状语,表示主语的状态。形容词(短语)可以做状语,一般用于说明主语的状况,可表原因、方式、伴随等。若形容词短语位于后面做状语,一般要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开;若单个形容词位于后面做状语,往往不需要用逗号。

Every nation,big

or

small,should be equal.

每个国家不论大小,都应平等。

He returned from war,safe

and

sound.

他安然无恙地从战争中归来。

Thirsty

and

eager to have a rest,she went into the restaurant and seated herself at a table by the window.

由于又口渴又想休息,她走进饭店,在靠窗的桌子旁坐下。

6.

...proves

how

the

idea

struck

a

mixture

of

fear

and

excitement

into

people’s

hearts.(P15)

……证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。

strike(struck,struck) v.

击打;撞击;引起;迷住;罢工;擦;划(火柴)

n.

罢工;袭击;打

strike...into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心

The death of her father struck sadness into her heart.

她父亲的死给她带来刻骨铭心的悲伤。

词义辨析

beat,hit,strike的区别:

beat强调连续或反复地“打”,因此像心脏跳动、打鼓、打拍子之类连续性或反复性的动作,一般要用beat。

strike常指“猛地一击”。

hit侧重指有目标的用力“击中”,有时也指“打一下”。

7.From

time

to

time

people

suggest

that

extinct

animals

like

dinosaurs,can

possibly

be

brought

back

to

life

through

cloning.(P15)

人们时常设想有可能通过克隆技术使像恐龙这类灭绝的动物复生。

1)from

time

to

time

有时;偶尔

He comes to school on foot from

time

to

time.

他有时步行来上学。

He only comes to the company from

time

to

time.

他只是偶尔到公司来。

联想拓展

同义词或短语:sometimes,at times,occasionally,now and then,once in a while,a little now and a little then

2)bring

sb./sth.

back

to

life

使复生;使……恢复生气

The young guide was brought

back

to

life by doctors and nurses.

医生和护士使这位年轻的导游活了过来。

Flowers can bring a dull room back

to

life.

鲜花能使沉闷的房间恢复生气。

联想拓展

bring sb./sth. to life 使有趣、生动;给……以活力;使苏醒

come to life 变得活跃;变得有趣;苏醒过来

come to oneself (昏迷后)苏醒过来;醒悟过来

A great actor can bring a character to life.

一个伟大的演员能让角色生动起来。

8.All

efforts

of

cloning

an

animal

will

be

in

vain...(P15)

那么克隆这种动物的所有努力都将是无用的……

in

vain

徒劳;无益地;枉然

Everything was in

vain.一切都徒劳无功。

All our work was in

vain.

我们所有的工作都白费了。

联想拓展

vain adj.

徒劳的;枉然的

9.Diversity

in

a

group

means

having

animals

with

their

genes

arranged

in

different

ways.(P15)

种群多样性是指种群中动物的基因以不同的方式排列。

with their genes arranged in different ways是with复合结构,“with+宾语+宾语补足语”称为with复合结构,可位于句首或句尾,在句中常做时间、原因、方式等状语,也可做后置定语。

With time passing by,they have grown into big boys and big girls.

随着时间的流逝,他们都长成大男孩和大姑娘了。

Jack stood before the teacher with his head down.杰克低着头站在老师面前。

“I think we can leave with our heads held

high,”Kate said.

凯特说,“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开”。

He came downstairs with his coat over his arm.他把外套搭在胳膊上走下楼来。

With ten minutes to

go,you’d better hurry.还有10分钟,你最好快点。

归纳总结

1.with+宾语+doing (doing表主动或正在进行)

2.with+宾语+adj.(adj.表状态)

3.with+宾语+adv.(adv.表状态)

4.with+宾语+done (done表完成或被动)

5.with+宾语+介词短语

6.with+宾语+to do (to do表将来,有时用主动形式表示被动意义)

10.

...others

will

survive

and

pass

on

the

ability

to

resist

that

disease

to

the

next

generation.(P15)

……其他的将存活下来并传递给其后代抵抗这种疾病的能力。

resist

v.

抵制;抵抗;抵挡;忍住

Lack of proper nutrition reduces their power to resist disease.

营养不良降低了他们对疾病的抵抗力。

When she got to the place, she could not resist going in.

她到达那里时, 禁不住想进去。

归纳总结

resist sb./sth.抵抗、抵制某人/某物

can’t/couldn’t resist doing sth.忍不住干某事

联想拓展

resistant adj.抵抗的;有抵抗力的

be resistant to 对……有抵抗力

resistance n.抗拒;反对; 抵抗

It’s believed that elderly people are always resistant to change.

人们认为上了年纪的人会抵制变革。

The defenders put up a strong resistance.守军顽强抵抗。

11.It

would

be

unfair

to

clone

any

extinct

animals

if

they

were

to

live

in

a

zoo.(P15)

如果让克隆出的绝种动物生活在动物园里,那是不公平的。

这是一个虚拟条件句,是对将来情况的一种假设。条件句中表示将来的虚拟语气共有三种表达方式,例如:如果明天下雨的话,我就待在家里。可表达为:

If it were to rain tomorrow,I would stay at home.

If it rained tomorrow,I would stay at home.

If it should rain tomorrow,I would stay at home.

另外,条件句中虚拟语气还有两种情况。

(1)表示现在:if从句中动词用过去式(be动词一律用were),主句动词用would/should/could/might do。

If I were you,I would accept his invitation.

如果我是你,我就接受他的邀请。

If he knew your address,he would be here now.

如果他知道你的地址,他现在就在这儿了。

(2)表示过去:if从句中动词用过去完成时,主句动词用would/should/could/might have done。

If I had attended the party yesterday,I would have met him.

如果我昨天出席了聚会,我就见到他了。

注意:如果主句和从句表示的时间不一致,要灵活使用动词形式。

If I had followed your advice,I would not suffer so much now.

如果我听取了你的意见,现在就不用受这么多的苦了。

(3)虚拟语气条件句可以省略if,而把were,had或should移到主语之前,但如果从句中没有were,had或should,则不能。

Were I you,I would go.

如果我是你的话,我就去。(事实上我不可能是你)

Had he recognized me,he would have come over.

如果他认出了我,他早就过来了。(事实上他并没有认出我)

Should it rain tomorrow,what would we do?

要是明天下雨的话,我们干什么?(对将来的假设)

12.It

is

too

similar

to

the

zebra

to

be

worth

the

trouble

of

restoring

it.(P17)

它和斑马太相似了,不值得重生。

too...to...太……而不能……

He is too old to work.

他太老了而不能再工作。

She was too excited to say a word when she heard the news.

当她听到这个消息时激动地说不出话来。

联想拓展

too...to...在下列情况下表示肯定含义:

(1)当too前或to前有否定词构成双重否定时。

(2)当too后是表示态度、情绪、倾向或者心理活动的形容词或副词时,如glad,

pleased,happy,delighted,satisfied,ready,willing,kind,good,true,easy,well,delicious,

eager,anxious等。

(3)与cannot连用时。

(4)当不定式在句中做定语或真正的主语时。

English is not too difficult to learn.英语并不太难学。

They are too anxious to leave.他们急于离开。

He is too ready to help others.他总是乐于助人。

There are too many problems to be solved.有很多问题有待解决。

13.The

dodo

became

extinct

fairly

recently

so

its

DNA

is

still

in

good

condition.(P17)

多多鸟是最近才灭绝的,因此它的DNA状况仍然良好。

in

good/poor

condition

状况很好(坏);情况很好(坏)

You must change your way of living in order to keep your health in

good

condition.

为了保持身体健康,你必须改变你的生活方式。

The house is in

generally

poor

condition.

总体上看,这幢房子状况很差。

联想拓展

be in no condition to do 状况不适宜做……

in/out of condition 身体或者心理状况好/不好;健康状况佳/不佳

on condition that 在……条件下

on this condition 以此为条件

make it a condition that 以……为条件

on no condition 决不;在任何条件下都不