Using LanguageⅠ课堂实录【3】

Module8 unit4

Grammar教案

河北峰峰第一中学

张志刚

Teaching aims:

1.Help Ss to grasp the usages of the past participle as the Attribute, Predictive，

the object complement and the Adverbial (过去分词充当定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语）and use them freely

2. train Ss’ ability of making a thorough and anylasing.

Teaching important and difficult points: 1.Understand and use the past participle as the Attribute, Predictive, the object complement and the Adverbial (过去分词充当定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语) freely. 2.Help Ss to find out the differences between the past participle and the present participle as the Attribute, Predictive, the object complement and the Adverbial (过去分词充当定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语）

Teaching methods:

Make a thorough enquiry before class,during class,and work with Ss-Ss, Ss-alone, Ss-T(三探一练四步教学法)

学情分析:

1. 过去分词是语法中较难的一部分，其中蕴含的知识比较多，是很多语法项目的集合和交叉，包括被动语态、完成时态、定语从句、状语从句和现在分词的用法，讲解起来非常困难，要讲好了非常具有挑战性。

2. 本班学生总体程度较好，能够积极参加到课堂当中，但学生差异性较大，对知识的掌握落差大，对句子的成分理解不清楚，所以对过去分词用法的理解较为困难。

Teaching procedures: Learning procedures: Step 1. Identifying the functions of the –ed form. 1.

Read the points on Ss’ paper as carefully as you can and remember the different functions of the –ed form.（记住the v—ed 形式的语法功能。）

2.

Read and study the examples below each point on Ss’

paper, then be able to identify the functions of the –ed form.（区分v—ed 在句子中的语法功能。）

3.

Read and study the following sentences and point out the different functions of the –ed form. 1). This is a book written by a peasant.

________________ 2). The door remained locked.

_______________ 3). I often hear the song sung in English.

__________________ 4).Can you make yourself understood?

______________ 5).He looked very excited.

__________ 6). When published ,this book will be very popular.________ 7). Mr Green,deeply moved,thanked us again and again.

______________ 8). The trainer appeared,followed by six little dogs.

____________

Step II the usage of verb-ed form

The functions of verb-ed form 1. attribute(定语) We should drink boiled water. = We should drink water which has been boiled. They took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once. =

. 总结：过去分词可用于名词

，用来修饰该名词，功能上相当于

。此时可以改成

从句。

The name mentioned in the letter was unknown to me. = The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me. The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire. =

Scientific experiments carried out by students without the teacher’s instructions can be dangerous. =

总结：过去分词短语可用于名词

，用来修饰该名词，可以改成定语从句。

The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.

= The books, which were written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.

=

总结：

过去分词可以用逗号与名词隔开，充当

. 2)大多数的过去分词表示被动意义。但也有一些过去分词用来表示动作完成。如：escaped, retired 和

fallen. 指出下列短语是表示被动（passive）还是过去（past）

the escaped criminal

逃犯

the developed countries

发达国家

a widely used language

the retired scientist

the highly praised scientist

fallen leaves 落叶

the risen sun

升起的太阳

the exploited classes 被剥削阶级

3)

一个所谓的教授

自制的比萨饼

广泛接受的想法

极受尊重的教授

报酬颇丰的工作

不发达地区

手工制作的家具

总结：

和

可以放在过去分词前，构成复合词。

2. predicative (表语)

1) Edison became interested in science when he was very young. 2) The little boy was very excited when he heard that he could go to the party. 总结：过去分词用在系动词后，充当表语。这类动词有

。

3. Object complement (宾语补足语) 1) As he knows little English, he finds it difficult to make himself understood. 2) I had my hair cut yesterday. 3) She found the door locked.

总结：过去分词用在宾语后，充当宾语补足语。这类动词有

. 4. 过去分词用于stand，sit，lie后，表示这两个动作同时发生。

The girl lay in bed lost in thought.= The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought.

The boy sat at the table buried in his homework. =

Step III

The usage of verb-ed phrases新课标第一网

1. 1) She left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service. 2) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured in the car accident. 总结：过去分词短语可单独使用，也可在后面加上

和

。

2. 1)

Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.= When the park is seen from the hill, it looks very beautiful. 2)

Once seen, it can never be forgotten. = Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten. 3)

Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room. = Because she was frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room. 4)

Given more time, we could do it much better.= If we were given more time, we could do it much better. 5)

Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.= Unless you are invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. 总结：过去分词短语通常表示

、

、

。

3. Understood subject(逻辑主语)

1) The scientist has copied a human cell, assisted by recent advances in medical science. 2) Shocked by the article, the woman wrote a letter to the newspaper. 3) Treated with electricity, the cell tissue will split into several parts. 4．

verb－ed形式在句中作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain.

(trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers) The valuable vase was found stolen.

(stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase) We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in.

(turned up side down的逻辑主语是句子的宾语house) Step IV 现在分词和过去分词充当形容词的区别www.xkb1.com

Read the instructions on the book and finish the following exercises to choose the correct words from the brackets. a)

People have always been _________(interested/

interesting) in finding out about world records. b)

Hugh Beaver went to interview the two brothers and found their knowledge ______(amazed/amazing) c)

After being told several times, Mr Smith still felt ________ (puzzled/puzzling) and did not know what to do. d)

The film ‘Pearl Harbor’ is really_______ (excited/exciting).

e)

His response to the question was quite__________

(disappointed/disappointing). 语法专练

I. 单项选择

1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119.

A. To see

B. Seeing

C. Having seen

D. Being seen

2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____.

A. fix

B. fixing

C. fixed

D. to fix 3. We’re ___ to listen to her ____ voice. It’s ___

to hear her sing.

A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure 4. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps.

A. Passed, buying

B. Passing, to buy

C. Having passed, buy

D. Pass, to buy 5. ____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.

A. Comparing

B. To compare

C. Compared

D. Having compared 6. Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings.

A. designing

B. design

C. designed

D. to design 7. ____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp. A. To save

B. Saving

C. Saved

D. Having saved 8. The teacher came into the classroom ____by his students.

A. following B. to be following C. followed D. having followed 9. With the money ___, he couldn’t buy any ticket.

A. to lose

B. losing

C. lost

D. has lost 10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ____.

A. being heard

B. hearing

C. heard

D. hear 11. The result of the test was rather _____.

A. disappointed

B. disappointing

C. being disappointed

D. disappoint

12. I’ve never heard the word ____in spoken English.

A. use B. used

C. using

D. being used 13. _____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.

A. Not to know

B. Not knowing

C. Knowing not

D. Not known

14. Deeply __, I thanked her again and again.

A. being moving

B. moved

C. moving

D. to be moved

15. With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.

A. came

B. comes

C. come

D. coming

16. ____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.

A. Having shown

B. Showing

C. Has shown

D. Having been shown

17. He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines.

A. gathering B. gathered

C. gather

D. being gathered 18. The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions.

A. follow

B. following

C. followed

D. being followed

19. The ___price will save you one dollar for each dozen.

A. reduce

B. reducing

C. reduced

D. reduces

20. People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.

A. live

B. to live

C. lived

D. living

21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ___.

A. understand

B. understanding

C. to understand

D. understood

22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem ______.

A. settle

B. settled

C. to settle

D. settling

23. The library’s study room is full of students _____for the exam.

A. busily prepared

B. busy preparing

C. busily prepare

D. are busily preparing

24. The ground is _____with ____ leaves.

A. covering, falling

B. covered, falling

C. covered, fallen

D. covering, fallen

25. Lessons ____easily were soon forgotten.

A. to learn

B. learn

C. learned

D. learning

26. The wallet ____several days ago was found ____in the dustbin outside the building。

A. stolen, hidden

B. stealing, hiding

C. stealing, hidden

D. stolen, hiding

27. A person _____a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language, ______all about his own.

A. to learn, to forget

B. learning, to forget

C. to learn, forgetting

D. learning, forgetting

28. ___different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality.

A. To produce B. Being produced

C. Produced

D. Having produced

29. The students in the university are all taking courses ___a degree.

A. coming to

B. going to

C. leading to

D. turning to

30. Many things _____impossible in the past are very common today.

A. consider

B. considering

C. considered

D. be considered

31. ___many times, he still couldn’t understand.

A. Having been told

B. Having told

C. He having been told

D. Telling

32. The old sick lady entered the hospital, ____her two sons.

A. to support

B. supporting

C. supported by

D. having supported

33. China is one of the largest countries in the world, _____9. 6 million square kilometres.

A. to cover

B. covered

C. covers

D. covering

34. ____and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. A Surprising

B. Surprised

C. Being surprised

D. To be surprising

35. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,____ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added

B. to add

C. adding

D. added

36. “Can you read?” Mary said ____to the notice.

A. angrily pointing

B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed

D. and angrily pointing

37. _____ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room.

A. Writing

B. Having written

C. Written

D. Being written

38. Were you ____when you saw that wild animal ?

A. fright

B. frightening

C. frightened

D. frighten

39. Properly _____with numbers, the books can be easily found.

A. marked

B. mark

C. to mark

D. marking

II. 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空

1. She caught the student _______ (cheat) in exams.

2. When I got there, I found him _________ (repair) farm tools.

3. When I got there, I found the farm tools _______. (repair)

4. Just then he heard someone _______ (call) for help.

5. He worked so hard that he got his pay ______. (raise)

6. The missing boys were last seen _______(play) near the river.

7. ___________(compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful.

8. The workers had the machines _______(run) all night long to finish the work on time.

9. People in the south have their houses ______(make) of bamboo.

10. _______(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

【Summary】

1.过去分词的时态和语态。

2.过去分词的功能。

3.比较现在分词和过去分词的异同：（你能行，你一定行。查阅工具书是一个人必备的能力。）

1)充当句子成分的异同：（D级）

STEPI:Make a thorough enquiry before class. Try to finish the task of（SB P23-24 Discovering useful structures）

STEPII: Learding to the class Check up what Ss prepared, and let them answer them one by one during the class. STEPIII: Make a thorough enquiry during class.(Ss-Ss.) 【例证分析】

一

作用与用法: 过分(表示和被动的动作) 是有形容词.副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语. 1.定语: 过分做定语,表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,单一的确过去分词做定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的名词之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句. The broken window (=The window which was broken) will be replaced soon. 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉. The books bought yesterday (=which were bought yesterday) are of high quality. 昨天买的书确实很不错. 过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种"动宾关系"，即"被动态"。过去分词作定语，主要说明"业已完成的动作"或是"一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作" 。单个过去分词作定语，分词一般说来写在被修饰的名词、代词之前；分词短语作定语时，分词放在被修饰词之后。

(1)表示情绪的过去分词作定语：

--She threw me a quick, frightened glance.他迅速而惊恐地看了我一眼。

--His face wore a puzzled expression.他脸上有一种困惑的表情。

--He had a pleased look on his face.他脸上现出高兴的神情。

--We can hear his excited voice.我们可以听到他激动的声音。

----The inspired soldier soon calmed down.

那个受到鼓舞的士兵很快就平静下来了。

--The frightened girl sat in the corner quietly. 那位吓得惊慌的姑娘一声不响地坐在角落里。

--Tom gave a satisfied smile.汤姆满意地笑了笑。

--There is a worried boy in the corner of the street.在街道拐角有一个焦急的男孩。

这类动词有：

amaze,embarrass,interest,excite,disappoint,encourage,move,surprise,astonish,delight,frighten,inspire,please,puzzle,terrify,shock,satisfy,worry,confuse, amuse, tire等。这些动词构成的过去分词实际上已经成了形容词，它们常常用来修饰人。

（2）其它常见的过去分词作定语：

guided missle导弹

armed forces武装力量

cooked food熟食

boiled water开水

frozen food冷冻食品

canned food罐头食品

fried eggs煎鸡蛋

smoked fish 熏鱼

finished products成品

dried fruit果干

required courses必修课

printed matter印刷品

written English书面英语

mixed feelings混杂情绪

（3）表示完成的过去分词作定语：

faded flowers萎谢的花

fallen leaves落叶

escaped prisoners逃犯

deceased wife亡妻

departed friends离去的朋友

a retired professor退休的教授

new arrived visitors新到的客人

a dated map过时的地图

（4）过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰词之后，作用相当于一个定语从句：

--They reduced the number of animals used in experiments.

他们减少了用于试验的动物数量。

--What’s the language spoken in that country?那个国家讲的是什么语言？

--Is there anything planned for tonight?今晚有什么活动吗？

--They are problems left over by history?他们是历史遗留下来的问题。

--Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green. 突然出现一个穿绿衣服的青年女子。

2.表语: 过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态且该状语通常是由外界因素引起的,这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词,是形容词化的过去分词.

I'm interested in reading novels, written by Jin Yong. 我对金庸的小说很感兴趣.

常见的还有: be surprised, be astonished, be amazed, be moved, be exhausted, be worried, be devoted, be pleased, be inspired, be encouraged, be excited, be delighted, be satisfied, be scared, be frightened, be disappointed

3.宾语补足语

作宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动此,和宾语有逻辑主谓关系,可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有:

a. see, hear, watch, feel, find, observe, notice, look at, listen to 表示感觉和心理状态的动词

b. make, get, have, leave 表示"致使"意义的动词

c. like, want, wish, order表示希望,要求等意义的动词

He won't like such questions discussed at the meeting.

他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论

STEPIV: Make a thorough enquiry between Ss and teacher. 【合作探究】

二.现在分词与过去分词的区别:

1.定语:

现在分词作定语常表示"动作正在进行", 此时或当时的状态等; 过去分词则常表示"动作发生在谓语动词的动作前"等;被修饰的名词一般是现在分词的逻辑主语,是过去分词的逻辑宾语. 如:

I know the man standing there. 我认识站在那儿的那个人.

Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗?

2.表语: 现在分词作表语,具有主动的含义,意味着"起这种作用"; 而过去分词作表语,具有主动的含义，意味着“起这种作用”；而过去分词作表语具有被动含义，意味着“受这种影响”。如：

The work was tiring. 这项工作挺累人的。

The workers were soon tired. 工人们很快就感到累了。

注意：作表语的过去分词表示状态，构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作：

The book is well written.（表语）

The book was written by a soldier.（被动语态）

【实战演练】

1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year. A. carry out

B. carrying out

C. carried out

D. to carry out 【解析】此考题的主句是：The managers discussed the plan检测点在其后的定语从句中，在这个定语从句里，they是其主语，would like to see 是其复合谓语，that修饰的是先行词the plan，同时that也是see的宾语，the plan是被执行的，被实施的，只有过去分词可以表示被动，所以C项的carried out 是正确答案。

2. The computer center, ______ last year, is very popular among the students.

A. open

B.opening

C.having opened

D. opened 【解析】该题的考察目标为过去分词作定语的用法。句子中computer center与open之间为被动关系。此外open作及物动词时意思为“打开，开张，开办，开设”，强调动作，不侧重状态，鼓不用形容词性的open。B、C为现在分词，不符合题意。据此判定正确答案应为D。

STEPV: Summary and do some sychronous exercises. STEPVI: Homework 1.Review the the usages of the past participle as the Attribute, Predictive and the object complement(过去分词充当定语、表语、宾语不足语）

2.Review the whole, and prepare the test of the unit.