Learning about Language全国优秀课堂实录

虚拟语气

Teaching goals

教学目标

1. Target language 目标语言

重点词汇和短语

nursery, rhythm, recite, run out of 2. Ability goals

能力目标

Enable the students to learn to use the subjunctive mood.

3. Learning ability goals

学能目标

Help the students learn how to use the subjunctive mood.

Teaching important & difficult points

教学重难点

The subjunctive mood.

Teaching methods

教学方法

Task-based activities.

Teaching aids

教具准备

A computer and a projector.

Teaching procedures & ways

教学过程与方式

Step ⅠGrammar Focus Talk about “subjunctive mood”.

T: During the previous periods, we learned a lot about nursery rhymes for which we practiced a lot on the “if I ...” pattern. The “If I ...” poem works so well because it allows you to follow one of the first rules of writing: Write about the things you know. Write about something that you feel very strongly about. Next we are going to talk about the “if” pattern.

Show the following to the students. 虚拟情况

条件句

结果主句

(1)与过去事实相反

If +主语

+ had + 过去分词

主语

+ would (should, could, might) + have + 过去分词

(2)与现在事实相反

If

+ 主语

+ 动词过去式（be 用were）

主语

+ would (should, could, might) + 动词原形

(3)与将来事实相反

If +主语+should / were to 主语

+ would （should, could, might）+ 动词原形

(4)错综时间条件句（即主从句表示不同时间的动作）

根据句义采用不同时态

Ask the students to read the following examples repeatedly.

(1) If anything had happened, he would have let her know.

I should have talked to mother if I had thought of it.

If I had been less cautious I might have been more wise. If it had not been for Margaret, I might not have understood. No doubt I could have earned something if I had really meant to. He did everything for me that my father could have done if he had lived.

(2) If wishes were horses, beggars would ride. If I were you, I’d go to night school.

If we were men, we’d be doing something decent now.

I tell you, you wouldn’t be anywhere at all if it weren’t for Ruth.

Indeed, if there were anything to tell, I would tell it to you. 1

If you had your choice, where would you go? Would you mind very much if I asked you to do something? If he went, would you go too? I think it would be much better if you got a job. Wouldn’t it be better if you made an appointment to see him at the office?

(3) I thought if you were to speak to him, it would carry more weight.

But if she were to lose her place they would be ruined. I’m sure you’d be the first to be sorry if anything was to happen to him.

If they were to hear you talking, they’d think you were a school teacher.

I should be most happy to go down with you if I should not be in the way.

If it should be necessary, I could come at six.

(4) If it hadn’t been for the doctor’s care, I should not be speaking to you now.

I think we should have been told if there was anything up.

If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.

Then ask the students to do the exercises in the workbook.

T: As for the subjunctive mood, we usually have the above structures. The only thing to do is to decide which pattern we should use. Now do Exercises 2, 3 and 4 on page 51.

Step II Homework Ask the students to do the task in PROJECT. 1. 虚拟语气

主要用于条件状语从句，其它从句或口语中。

1) 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中

情况

从句动词形式

主句中动词形式

与现在相反

were 过去式动词

过去式助动词

+ v. would / should / could / might + v. If he were rich, he would buy the house.

If Mary found the book, she would bring it to you.

We could ask her if she were here. 与过去事实相反

had + pp would / should / could / might + have + pp If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. If you had come earlier, you might have caught the train.

I should have called you if I had known your telephone number. 与将来事实相反

should / were to would / should / could / might + v. If I should fail, I would do it again. If the sun were to rise in the west, I would not marry him. 2) 虚拟语气在主语从句中

句型（1）：

表“做某事是必要的或重要的”(should应该，将要) It is necessary / natural / imperative /

important / proper / urgent that + S + should + v / v /

be + pp It is necessary that he take the examination.

It is proper that she refuse the offer. 句型（2）：表“情绪活动方面的主观看法”

(should居然，竟然) It is a pity / strange / surprising / wonderful / no wonder / funny / a matter of regret that + S+ 2

should + v / v It is strange that she should marry such a man.

It is a pity that the boy should be so proud. 句型（3）：

It is desired / ordered / requested / suggested / proposed / arranged / has been decided that + S + should + v / v It is suggested that a meeting should be held.

It was arranged that they leave the following week. It has been decided that the meeting be put off till next Saturday. 3）虚拟语气在宾语从句中

句型（1）：

wish + 宾语从句（不可能实现的愿望）wish + S + 过去式（现在）

wish + S + had + pp（过去）

wish + S + could / would / should / might + v（将来）

I wish I were rich.

I wish I had been in Hong Kong last year.

We wish he would speak English. 句型（2）：表“建议、要求、坚持、命令”等动词后的宾语从句中

(should将做，该做) S + require / request /

recommend / propose / order / command / insist /

suggest / demand / ask + that + S + should + v / v The officer ordered that all the soldiers get ready. They insisted that we begin the work at once.

注：

1）insist“坚持，坚持主张（认为）”

强调事实或经验，用陈述语气。

I insisted that it was an accident.

2）suggest“暗示，启发”

用陈述语气。

The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy. 4）虚拟语气在表语从句或同位语从句中

Suggestion, plan, idea, order, advice, requirement, request, motion, proposal, recommendation 等后的表语从句或同位语从句中用should + v / v My suggestion is that we visit Paris. Her idea is that they discuss the report. What do you think of the plan that our classes be ended at the end of this month? 5）虚拟语气在定语从句中

It is / was about / high time (that) + S + 过去式动词

/

should + v It is time we went home.

It is time we should go. It is time for us to go home. 6）在as if / though, even if / though 从句中，或目的状语从句和让步状语从句中

as if It seems as if it were a fine day. He speaks as if he were a professor. so that in order that We study hard so that we may work well.

The teacher spoke slowly in order that the students could hear clearly. whatever whoever 3

no matter what no matter how Whatever be the difficulties, we must go on with the work.

No matter what you may say, I am determined to do what I think is right.

You mustn’t be proud, however much you may achieved.

7）其它情况

But for = Without / If it were not for / But that + S + 现在式

v + n, S + should / could / would / might + v But for your help / Without your help, / If it were not for your help, / But that you help him, he would fail. 2. 文化背景知识

Narrative, lyric, dramatic

As an art form, poetry is thousands of years old. There are three basic types of poem: the narrative poem, the lyric poem, and the dramatic poem. Of course any poem may contain elements of all three, but essentially you will find that anything you read falls into one of these categories. The narrative poem tells a story. This might, for example, be a rhyming ballad or an epic like Homer’s Odyssey, or it might be a much shorter poem which tells a tale.

The lyric poem is often short, and tends to be written in the first person about an intense private experience.

The dramatic poem assumes a voice (often the voice of someone who is clearly not the poet) or voices.

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