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New Senior English for China Student's Book 8

Unit 4

Grammar —— The past participle as the adverbial Zhangjunhe

Ⅰ. Teaching aims: 1.

Knowledge aims:

①

To master the usage of the past participle used as the adverbial. ②

To know the different forms of the adverbial. 2.

Ability aims:

①

To identify what the past participle is used as.

②

To use the past participle in the speaking and writing. 3.

Emotional aims:

①

To be confident of learning English for mastering more means of expression.

②

To cooperate with other students. Ⅱ. Important points:

Use the past participle as the adverbial in the speaking and writing correctly and freely.

Ⅲ. Difficult points:

①

Identify what the past participle is used as.

②

Use the past participle as the adverbial in their speaking and writing correctly and freely. Teaching methods: Step 1 Lead-in

1. Listen to a fairy tale: the little match girl

It was snowing and very cold outside. A little girl was walking in the street, selling matches. She didn’t wear any shoes because she had her

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shoes lost. She looked very worried because there were lots of matches left. She wished all her matches sold but nobody bought a single one. She was so cold that she sat in a corner with her legs huddled up.

She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree decorated very beautifully. The lighted candles were burning brightly and she seemed very delighted. She lit another one and saw her grandmother. Requested to take her away, her grandmother went away with her .The next day, people saw the girl frozen to death. What a poor girl ! 2.

Analyze what the past participles are used as in the fairy tale. Attribute

predicative

object complement

adverbial Step 2 Revision

Translate、analyze and transform 1.

Seen from the hill, the city looks like a beautiful garden.

2.

Asked why she did it, the girl began to cry.

3.

Encouraged by the speech, the excited young people stopped arguing.

4.

Moved by his words, she decided to help the poor boy.

5.

Given another chance, he will do it better.

6.

Given more time, I’ll catch up with you.

7.

Asked many times, he still hasn't said a word about the matter.

8.

Defeated many times, they continued to fight.

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9.

Mr Li came in, followed by his daughter.

10.

The old man went into the room, supported by his daughter.

11.

Her homework done, Mary decided to go shopping.

12.

All things considered, her paper is of great value.

Conclusion 1:

When the past participle is used as an adverbial, the relationship between the verb and its logical subject is the verb-object combination,that is passive relationship. 过去分词做状语,该动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系（被动关系）

1.

Surprised at what had happened, Tom didn’t know what to do.

2.

Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 3.

Born in a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.

Conclusion 2:

The past participle, which comes from the structure of the system, does not express the passive state when it is used as an adverbial. It represents a state. 源于系表结构的过去分词做状语时不表被动表状态

Examples: be tired of

be moved by

be devoted to

be exhausted by

be lost

be seated

be hidden

be united be injured

be wounded

be lost in

be absorbed in be based on

be dressed in

be faced with

be worried about Conclusion：

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The past participle can be used as

Temporal Adverbial

(时间状语）

Adverbial of Clause

(原因状语）

Adverbial of Condition (条件状语）

Adverbial of Concession(让步状语）

Adverbial of Manner/ Accompany Adverbial (方式或伴随状语）

Step 3 Practice Task 1: Fill in the blanks using the proper form

Once ______ (speak), a word becomes a promise.

一言既出, 驷马难追

Once _______(pour), water cannot be taken back again.

覆水难收

_________ (impress) by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.

流连忘返

_______ (use) in this way, the word shouldn’t be taken as a verb.

_____ (beat) black and blue, the lady couldn’t move.

When _______ (face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. Task 2: Rewrite the following sentences using the past participle as the adverbial. 1.

After the plan was discussed many times, it was carried out at last.

2.

If I am given more time, I’ll finish my work on time.

3.

As the watch is used for a long time, it needs repairing.

4.

He is faced with difficulties. He never gives up.

5.

The patient was supported by the nurse and got off the bed.

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Task 3: Translate (use different forms) 1.给他许多钱后，他的日子过得好多了。

2.由于被妈妈所说的话所感动，我忍不住哭了起来。

3.如果给我们一个机会，我们将给大家一个非常好的表演。

4.尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。

Task 4: Rewrite the essay to make it concise and advanced ① Our school is located in the west of Huixian.② It covers an area of 0.14 square kilometers.③ It is very beautiful.④ It is surrounded by many trees and flowers.⑤ Many students are attracted by its beautiful scenery and high teaching quality.⑥ Many students choose our school including us.⑦ The teachers often encourage us to study hard.⑧ We have made great progress.

Step 4: homework Rewrite the introduction based on the adaptation made by your classmates just now.

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