Learning about LanguagePPT配套教学设计内容

过去分词的用法学习

学习目标

1.掌握过去分词的形式；

2.掌握过去分词的句法功能。

过去分词的形式

1. 形式：

动词的过去分词只有一种形式，绝大部分的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些过去分词是不规则的。

2. 动词的过去分词的否定形式

动词过去分词否定形式是由not或never加过去分词构成。

Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。

Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。

3. 动词的过去分词的特征

动词的过去分词有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。

3.1动词的过去分词表示完成被动的动作。

过去分词带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。

Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.

One of the glasses was found broken.

The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.

3. 2.及物动词的过去分词一般表示被动的意思。

Given more time, I could have solved that riddle.

When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood.

The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study.

3.3 不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意思，并不带有被动的含义。

an escaped prisoner 逃犯

（= a prisoner who has escaped）

a retired worker 退休工人

（= a worker who has retired）

a newly arrived guest 新来的客人

（= a guest who has just arrived）

We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time.

People should pay attention to the changed situation.

常见的如：Fallen leaves

faded flowers

the risen sun

departed friends

returned students 【巩固练习】

1. The repairs cost a lot ,but it’s money well

.

A. to spend

B. spent

C. being spent

D. spending 2. The disc, digitally ___ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.

A. recorded

B. recording

C. to be recorded

D. having recorded 3. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining company, ___as 3M.

A. knowing

B. known

C. being known

D. to be known 过去分词的句法功能

1. 作表语：

The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.

1）

The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.

2）

The library is now closed.

3）

The book is interesting and I'm interested in it.

2. 作定语：

作定语的过去分词相当于形容词或者被动的定语从句,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。

1）

过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。

We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 2）

过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。

The concert given by their friends was a success.

3）

过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。

The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.

4）

用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。

The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 作状语：

3. 1

过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。

1）

Written in a hurry,this article was not so good!

2）

Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound. 3. 2

过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致；

1）

Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.

2）

Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.

1）

The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出，汽车就开动了。

2）

Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。

3.3

过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.

1）

Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.

2）

Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.

When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.

3.4

过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。

He stood there silently, moved to tears. ＝

Moved to tears, he stood there silently.

他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。

4. 作宾语补足语：

（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类：

4.1．

表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。

1）

I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。（过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;）

2）

He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。（过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found）

4.2．

表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。

1）

I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。

2）

He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。

3）

Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。

4.3．

表示思维活动的动词如consider，

know，

think等后。如：

1）

I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。

2）

I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain.

我认为自己在这场交易中有受愚弄了。

4.4．

表示爱憎,意愿的动词如want，

wish，

like，

hate等后。如：

1）

I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。

2）

He didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。

（二）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。

1．

过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。

He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。

2．

过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如：

He had his leg broken.

【巩固练习】

1. As we joined the big crowd, I got ___from my friends. A. separated

A. said

B. spared B. told

C. lost

D. missed D. talked

D.being interested D. to encourage

2. I don’t know the restaurant，but it is ____ to be quite a good one. C. spoken

C. interest

3. The young man seems to be _____in law．

A. interesting

B. interested

4. Have you read the news in today's newspaper？This news sounds _____.

A. encouraging

B. encouraged

C. encourage

5. ----Shall we go swimming ?

----OK. I’ll just go and get _____.

A. changed

B. to change

supply breakdowns.

A. Put

B. Putting

C. Having put

D. Being put C. to be changed

D. Changing 6.____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating

7.____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed

B. To dress

D. Having dressed D. Losing D. offered C. Dressing

A. Having lost

A. offering

8. ____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

B. Lost

C. Being lost

B. to offer

C. to be offered

9. When _____help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”

10. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______the next year.

A. carry out

C. carried out

B. carrying out

D. to carry you