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专题3 名词性从句

【专题要点】名词性从句考点概览：1.that和what引导名词性从句的区别；

2.名词从句的语序和时态；3.it作形式宾语的几种情况；

4.that从句作介词宾语；

5.宾语从句的否定转移；

6.whether和if的用法区别；

7.what在名词性从句中的使用；

8.doubt后的名词性从句的使用。

【考纲要求】考纲明确要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。

【知识网络】

名词性从句的用法

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句

(Noun Clauses）。

名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、引导名词性从句的连接词

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

1. 从属连词：that（无任何词意）whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）

以上在从句中均不充当任何成分

2. 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. whichever, whomever 3. 连接副词：when, where, how, why

不可省略的连词：

1. 介词后的连词

2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

二. 具体分类

1、主语从句

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。例如：

What he wants to tell us is not clear.

他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

Who will win the match is still unknown.

谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。

It is known to us how he became a writer.

我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。

有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：

（1）

It + be + 名词

+ that从句

（2）It + be + 形容词

+ that从句

（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词

+ that从句

（4）It + 不及物动词

+ that 从句

1.

真可惜我们不能去游泳. It is a pity that we can’t go swimming.

2.

碰巧那天我外出了.

It happened that I was out that day.

3.

他考试肯定会考好.

It is certain that he will do well in the exam. 4.

据说他已告诉了她一切. It is said that he told her everything.

另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

训练1：用

it 句型翻译: 据说今年高一学生要学新教材. It is said that the Senior Grade one students will learn a new text

事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务. It is a fact that they finished all the work by themselves. 碰巧他们已经参加过军训了. It happened that they had had their military training. 众所周知, 比尔

·

盖茨是世界上最富有的人.It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world. 我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要. It is important that we (should) form a good habit of studying.

2、宾语从句

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句例如：

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什1

么都好，别人什么都不好。

注意1：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：

I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

注意2：that 从句只跟在

except, but, in ,besides, save五个介词后面

介词后面不用if 和which 训练：改错

1.

The Swede stood still, except that his lips moved slightly. 2.

She is not satisfied with that she has achieved. 3.

Mary always thinks of that she can do more for the class. 4.

He wrote a letter of thanks to that helped him.

5.

It depends on if we have enough time 6.

Are you sorry for which you have done? 注意3: 宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语此类表语形容词有: afraid, pleased, happy, satisfied, anxious, sure, surprised, certain, glad, aware 1.

I’m afraid

(that ) I’ll be late.

2.

We were surprised that he lost the game. 注意4: consider find think feel make 等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语

it ,宾语从句放到宾补之后

I consider that we should learn English well necessary.

I consider it necessary that we should learn English well 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：

She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。

3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。f. 引导同位语从句

例如：

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。

I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。

Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？

肯定句中用

if / whether, 否定, 疑定句中用

that

1.

I

doubt ___if/whether______he is telling the truth.

2.

We never doubt ____that_____ the plan will be carried out . 训练2：if / whether 1. I asked her ____if/whether______ she had a bike. 3. We’re worried about ____whether____ he is safe. 4. I don’t know ____if/whether_______ he is well or not. 5. I don’t know ___whether_____ or not he is well. 6. I don’t know ___whether____ to go. 7. Does he doubt

____that_____ you are from Austria? 8. I’m doubtful ___if/whether______ he will agree to this. 5. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：

He studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）

He studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）

I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）

he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）

当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：

The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．

6. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中

注意反问句。例如：

We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。

I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。

2

训练3：correction 1.

The emperor was pleased by which the minister told him about it. （what）

2.

Are you sorry for that you have annoyed him?(去掉) 3.

I find that this should be kept secret for the time being necessary.（it作形式宾语）

4.

Can you doubt if she will succeed?（that）

5.

I worried about if my brother will return in time.(whether) 6.

She said that she has never told a lie.(had) 7.

Will you tell me when he leaves for Paris?(will leave) 8.

Our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us.( That our) 9.

It looked that he was well prepared for the unexpected challenge.(seemed) 10.

That he said moved everyone present.(what)

3、表语从句

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词同主语从句

(11个), 外加as if / as though,

，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语

+ 系动词

+ that从句。例如：

The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。

This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。

That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。

需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 【点拨】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。

4、

同位语从句

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：

The news that we won the game is exciting.

我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；

that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句: .

1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分）

2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）

三，考点索引

考点之一:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别

考例: _______ we can't get seems better than _______ we have.

A. What; what

B. What; that

C. That; that D. That; what

分析: (注:划线的选项为最佳答案,下同.)在名词性从句中that与what的区别是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用;而what在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语.

考点之二:考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语

考例1: _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

A. There B. This C. That

D. It

分析:在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语.此句也可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.

考例2: I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.

A. it B. that C. this D. them

分析:此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其他几个词均不能作形式宾语.

考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序

3

考例:The photographs will show you _______ .

A. what does our village look like

B. what our village looks like

C. how does our village look like

D. how our village looks like

分析:在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时,有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题句子的意思是:这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本题中根据引导词what要作介词like的宾语,而副词how不能作介词like的宾语,所以首先排除C、D,而A项是疑问句语序,故只能选B 考点之四:考查名词性从句中的whether, if以及that的区别

考例1: _______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If

B. Whether C. That

D. Where

分析:句子的意思是:我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定. whether与if当"是否"讲时的区别是:在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟or not时通常只能用whether,而不能用if.

考例2: What the doctors really doubt is _______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

A. when B. how

C. whether

D. why 分析:本题句子的意思:医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来.whether引导的是表语从句.

考例3: It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning gray.

A. while B. that C. if

D. for

分析:本题句子的意思是:头发变白使她有点儿不安。It作形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。whether, if以及that引导的名词性从句的区别是:whether与if(当"是否"讲时)引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;而that引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义。

考点之五:考名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别

考例

1:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _______ he or she wants.

A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

分析:本题句子的意思是:一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的.whatever引导的是宾语从句,A. however 和D. whenever是不能作宾语的;而C. whichever表示"无论哪一个、无论哪些",表示在一定范围内的人或事物,此处并不涉及"一定范围内的人或事物",所以也不能选.

考例2: Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.

A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who

分析:本题句子的意思是:萨拉希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友.疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句.首先排除D.而选A. anyone则应在其后加who.从句中需要的是主语,所以whomever也不行.

考点之六:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题

考例:It is necessary that a college student ______ at least a foreign language.

A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master

分析:本题选B.句子的意思是:大学生至少应该掌握一门外语。It作形式主语,that引导的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。

(1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气"(should) +do",常用的句型有:I. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that... II. It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that... III. It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that...如: It is strange that she (should) think so.

(2) 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,常用的这类动词有suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等。如:

I insist that she (should) do her work alone.

(3) 主语是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表示"建议、请求、要求、决定等"意思的词时,表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气"(should) +do"。如:

His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.

(4) 表示"建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等"意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气"(should)+do"。如:

They received orders that the work(should)be done at once.

4