Learning about Language教学设计(第一课时)

Unit 3

Book 8

Inventors and inventions

Part 1:

Words and expressions

call up:

打电话(代词放call up中间；具体人物，放中间或后面皆可) I will call you up tonight, if it’s convenient for you.

call up

还有“使回忆起”、“应招入伍”的意思。

These old photos call up memories of my childhood. He was called up three months after the war broke out. 打电话的其他说法：telephone/phone/call/ring sb. give sb a call/ a ring/ a phone call

make a phone call to sb. 复习打电话相关用语：Could / may I speak to…?

This is …speaking. Hold/ Hang on please. Hold the line. Just a moment. (不挂断电话) Who’s calling? Can you ring/ call back later?

…is not available at the moment.

Could I take/ leave a message?

I must ring off/ hang up now because….(挂断电话) get through设法打通电话：

I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn't get through (to you).

now and then:

一般作状语，表时间。可以说成every now and then.

Living near the airport, I hear a plane take off or land every now and then. Now and then he is absent-minded in class but not always. 副词短语now and then和介词短语from time to time相近。

This is the kind of problem that we all have from time to time/ now and then.

distinguish: 常见搭配：~ (between) A and B; ~ A from B区别、辨别

（tell the differences between…; tell…from…）

~good from evil/ right from wrong/ fantasy from reality

~ oneself 使自己与众不同、使受瞩目、成名

People who cannot distinguish between colors are said to be color-blind. 不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲.

The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other. 这对双胞胎长得很像, 无人能分辨出谁是谁. She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery. distinguished:

showing remarkable qualities 卓越的; 杰出的:

a distinguished career 非凡的事业

The Chinese people are distinguished for being hardworking and courageous. distinguishable

adj通常作表语~ (from sb/sth):

Those two models are easily ~ from each other.

set about

开始；着手set about sth/doing sth (no passive 不用被动语态)

begin (a task); start doing sth I must set about my packing. I don't know how to set about this job.

The new government must set about finding solutions to the country's economic problems.

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(2012浙江高考) Armed with the information you have gathered, you can ________preparing your business plan.

(B) A.set out

B. set about

C.

set off

D. set up 同义短语：

set out + to do 归纳拓展：set aside 放在一边、不顾不理会、留出

set down 放下、写下

set off 开始（旅行﹑

赛跑等）、使爆炸

set up 建立

convenient

adj.

sth be convenient for sb.

It is ~ for sb to do sth. We must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting.

A bicycle's often far more convenient than a car in busy cities.

convenience

n.

for convenience为了方便

at one’s convenience在某人时间方便的时候

at your earliest convenience尽早

Please deliver the goods at your earliest convenience. 请尽早送货. I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience.

caution

n小心；谨慎

Dad always drives with caution. He is a cautious driver. cautious

adj. 语气比careful强烈。

be ~ about/ of …

be ~ to do sth.

We must be ~ to handle the problem.

expectation n. [U] ~ (of sth) firm belief that sth will happen; hope of gaining sth/that sth will happen.

be above/ below expectations比期望的高/低

be against all expectation(s)出乎意料

be beyond expectation

意想不到

There's no expectation of rain tonight.

He has little expectation of winning a prize.

expect

v.

~ sth (from sb/sth)

You can't expect to learn a foreign language well in a month.

I was expecting a present from her, so I was disappointed I didn't receive one.

seize

vt.

1). take hold of (sth), suddenly and violently; grab 抓住

She seized me by the wrist/arm. 她抓住我的手腕/胳膊. 2). see (an opportunity, etc) and make use of it eagerly and at once 抓住, 把握（机会等）: seize the chance/ opportunity to make some money 抓住时机赚一些钱

3)(sb) be seized by /with/ terror/ desire/ fear被恐惧、欲望、害怕控制

4) seize on/upon sth

recognize sth and exploit it, use it, etc eagerly and at once 意识到某事物而立即加以利用: The critics seized on my mistake and said I was ignorant. 批评我的人抓住了我的错误就硬说我无知.

file

1. vt.

file sth(letters/ books/ records/ papers/ documents/ notes/ reports…) away将…归档

file a/an complaint/ application/ charge/ appeal (against sb)提出投诉/申请/指控/上诉

2. n作名词用指文件、档案、文件夹、卷宗。也是计算机常用术语。

zip file

压缩文件；files on disk

磁盘文件

；

attached file附件

open/ close / create/ save/ copy/ edit / download a file Keep the detailed information on file.把这些详细信息存档。

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glue

n [U, C] thick sticky liquid used for joining things 胶; 胶水:

mend a broken cup with glue. He sticks to her like glue, ie never leaves her. 如胶似漆寸步不离

v.

~ A (to/onto B); ~ A and B (together) stick or join a thing or things with glue glue wood (on) to metal

glue two pieces of wood together

glued to sth : He's glued to the television, ie watching it with close interest. 他目不转睛地看着电视.

bear

vt.(born, borne)忍受；负担

my head really hurts, but still I can bear it. I said nothing in the beginning but later I couldn’t bear his lying.

常用搭配：(can’t) bear sth(pain/ pressure/ loneliness/ hardship/ noise/ hunger/cold) 忍受

can’t bear to do sth.不能忍受做某事

I can’t bear to see babies cry. He can't bear to be laughed at/bear being laughed at.

can’t bear doing sth

can’t bear sb/ sb’s doing…（不）容忍(某人)做某事

I can't bear (having) cats in the house. bear…in mind= keep…in mind

bear in mind that/what…记住

提示：bear作忍受时，常与can，could连用，近义词有tolerate，stand，endure。

表出生时用born，且仅用于被动语态。表生育时，用borne。如：She has borne him 3 children. 她给他生育了三个孩子。

She was born in 1949.

He was born to wealthy parents.

dive into sth/in

(fml 文) (1) move one's hand quickly into sth 迅速将手伸入某物中: dive into one's pocket, briefcase, etc

立即把手伸进衣袋﹑

公事包等.

(2) involve oneself completely in sth 一心投入某事物: dive into a new project

潜心钻研一个新项目.

set out (to do…)

开始（做）

leave a place and begin a journey 从某地出发上路: She set out at dawn. 她天一亮就动身了. They set out on the last stage of their journey. 他们开始了旅行的最后一程.

set out to do sth

begin a job, task, etc with a particular aim or goal （带着某目的）开始做某事: She set out to break the world record. 她决心要打破世界纪录. The government has set out to make many needed reforms.

dot

n. / vt. The island was just a dot on the horizon. He's very punctual-- always arrives on the dot. 他很守时--总是按时到. The sky was dotted with stars. 天空繁星密布.

tap

v.

~ sb/sth (with sth) knock gently on sb /sth 轻拍某人; 轻敲某物: tab sb on the shoulder 轻拍某人肩膀

He tapped the box with a stick. 他用小棒敲打盒子.

n. [C] (sound of a) quick light blow 轻快的敲击（声）: They heard a tap at the door. 他们听见轻轻的敲门声.

He felt a tap on his shoulder. 他觉得有人轻拍他的肩膀. 3

turn the tap on/off 打开/关上水龙头

tap-water n [U]自来水

straw

n.

a straw mattress草垫.

There are a few straws in your hair. 你的头发上有几根稻草.

饮料吸管: drinking lemonade through a straw

(习语) clutch/grasp at a straw/straws try to take some slight chance of escaping or being rescued from sth 抓救命稻草（竭力抓住微小的机会以求逃脱或获救）. the last/final straw (that breaks the camel's back) additional event, act, task, etc that makes a situation finally intolerable （事情﹑

行动﹑

任务等）使人终于不胜负荷的最后的量.

stable

adj

a stable relationship, job, government 稳定的关系﹑

工作﹑

政府

The patient's condition is stable. 病人情况稳定.

Mentally she's very stable. 她情绪十分稳定.

stability

n [U]稳定性; 稳定状态; 沉稳. stabilize, -ise

v

(cause sth/sb to) become stable （使某事物）稳定; （使某人）变得沉稳: His condition has now stabilized. 他的情况稳定下来了.

government measures to stabilize prices

政府采取的稳定物价的措施.

associate n

partner; colleague; companion 合伙人; 同事; 伙伴: one's business associates 业务合伙人

They are associates in crime. 他们是共犯. v .

~ sb/sth with sb/sth join (people or things) together; connect (ideas, etc) in one's mind 联系;联想: Whisky is usually associated with Scotland. 人们常把威士忌同苏格兰联系起来.

In our minds the Spring Festival is associated with happy family reunions. I don't like you associating with such people. 我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起. association n.联系、联想、联合会

practical

adj

theoretical，realistic，useful

practical experience, skills 实践经验﹑

实际技能

It's an interesting idea but there are many practical difficulties. 这是一个很有意思的想法, 然而却存在着许多实际困难.

a practical device with many different uses 一种多用途的实用器械

We must be practical and work out the cost before we make a decision. 我们应该实事求是地先把费用算出来, 再做决定.

hang on (a) grip sth firmly 紧紧握住某物: Hang on tight, we're off!

握紧了--我们出发了! (b) wait for a short time 稍等: Hang on a minute, I'm nearly ready. 稍等片刻--我这就完. (c) （打电话时）不挂断: The line was engaged and the operator asked if I'd like to hang on. 电话占线

了, 话务员问我是否愿意等一下（别挂断电话）.

hang on sth依赖某事物: A great deal hangs on this decision. 这个决定关系重大.

hang on to sth (a) hold sth tightly 抓紧某物: Hang on to that rope and don't let go. 抓紧那根绳子, 不要松手. hang up (on sb)

挂断电话.

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out of order (of a machine, etc) not working properly: Our refrigerator is out of order again. We’d better buy a new one instead of repairing it. 反义词

in order，意思是处于正常状况，情况良好。The house is painted and decorated, everything is in order. 拓展：break down：

cease to function because of a mechanical, electrical, etc fault （因机械﹑

电力等故障）停止运转, 失灵, 失效。

Out of breath/ control/ danger/ place/ question/ reach/ sight/ trouble/ touch

get through (a) use up or consume (the specified quantity or amount of sth) 用完, 消耗掉（一定量的某物）: We got through a fortune while we were on holiday!

我们度假花了一大笔钱!

(b) (manage to) do or complete sth （设法）做或完成某事: Let's start; there's a lot of work to get through/to be got through. 开始吧, 有大批工作要做呢.

get (sb) through (sth) (help sb to) be successful in or pass (an examination, a test, etc) （帮助某人）（考试﹑

测验等）及格: Tom failed but his sister got through. 汤姆不及格, 但他妹妹及格了.

get (sth) through (sth) (cause sth to) be officially approved or accepted （使某事物）正式通过或被采纳: get a proposal through a committee

使委员会接受一项建议.

get through (to sb) (a) reach (sb) 到达（某人处）: Thousands of refugees will die if these supplies don’t get through (to them). 数以千计的难民若得不到这些救济物品, （他们）就要死亡.

(b) make contact (with sb), esp by telephone （与某人）联系（尤指通电话）: I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn't get through (to you). 昨天我给你打了几次电话, 可是都没（和你）接通.

get `through to sb make sb understand the meaning of what one is saying; communicate with sb 所说的话使某人理解; 与某人沟通: I find her impossible to get through to. 我发觉无法跟她沟通思想.

get through with sth finish or complete (a job, task, etc) 完成（工作﹑

任务等）: As soon as I get through with my work I'll join you. 我工作一做完就来找你们. 比较：go through：The bill went through. 该法案已正式通过.

I always start the day by going through my mail. 我总是每天一早就仔细查阅我的邮件. I've gone through all my pockets but I can't find my keys. 我把所有的口袋儿都找遍了, 就是找不到我的钥匙.

He's amazingly cheerful considering all that he's been through. 鉴于他经历过的种种遭遇, 他的乐天达观令人惊叹.

ring off (Brit) end a telephone conversation 挂断电话: He rang off before I could explain.

competence n.

~ (for/as/in sth); ~ (in doing sth/to do sth) being competent; ability: No one doubts her competence as a teacher. 谁也不怀疑她能胜任教师工作. competence in solving problems

解决问题的能力.

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Part 2:

Notes to the texts

Passage one：page 20-21

Line 11：The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 本句为but连接的两个并列分句。The first thing was to see主系表结构。I did作定语。If从句是宾语从句。that might help me定语从句。there only seemed to be是there be句型的变体。designed过去分词作后置定语。

There be句型的变化：There seem/ happen/appear to be+主语+其他

There stand/lie/ live/ exist/ remain…+主语+其他

There +情态动词+be+主语+其他

There being 独立主格结构

There stands a big tree in front of our teaching building. There used to be a bridge across the river. There being no milk, he went to the supermarket. Line 37：This is in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan. 句中that从句是一个同位语从句，作expectation的同位语。

The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. novel 此处作形容词，意思是新颖的。如：He is a person who always has novel ideas. Line 42：Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. Only+状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）位于句首，后句部分倒装。

Only修饰的从句不倒装，主句倒装。Only修饰的不是状语，而是主语时，不用倒装。

Only when you told me did I know her name. Only Mr. Smith knows how it happened.

Passage two：page 25 Para 2：Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. All really big discoveries are the result of thought. beaten track指一贯走的路；惯例。如：We followed a well-beaten track through the forest. Woods原指树林。这里有险境、困境之意。Out of the woods表示“脱离麻烦或困难”。

The situation is improving, but we are not out of the woods yet. 该句可继续参考导学案教师用书p67-68. Para 5：The patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson. It is/ was not until….that….强调句。强调until引导的时间状语从句。

It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.(2013天津卷) 一般疑问句式：Is/ Was it….that/ who…..

特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词+is/was + it +that+其他

可继续参考导学案教师用书p68.

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