Grammar教案1

冠词的用法

概念：冠词用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或物。分不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。a用在辅音开头的词前，an用在元音开头的词前，如：a boy；an hour ; an old man （看音标）记住一句话，能作对80%冠词题:单数名词第一次出现，一定加a/an；复数名词和不可数名词不加任何冠词，但特指加the 一、不定冠词a/an的用法：

1. 泛指某（类/个）人或某物。

A plane is a machine that can fly. A Mr. Smith is waiting for you.

2.第一次提到某物或某人用a/an;第二次用the。

I met an old man in the street, and the man is Xiao Li’s uncle.

3.a+最高级，表示“非常”

Harbin is a most (very) important city in China. 哈尔滨是一座非常重要的城市(5%)(most相当于very) 对比：

Beijing is the most important. (95%) 北京是最重要的城市。(最高级)

4. 用在of +a/an +n短语中，表示“同一类/种…”(有时也写作of the same +n）

People of a kind come together.

/

You’re of the same age. The coats of a color belong to Mary.

5.a/an +序数词，

一律译为：“又一”、“另一”(5%)

the+序数词(95%) I asked a second person the way to the station.我又向另外一个人问路。

He tried a third time, but failed.他又尝试了一次，但是失败了。

6. a/an 表示“每”

He gave the personal teacher 20$ an hour.

7. a (certain)/ some +单n

某一个

A Smith is waiting for you at the school gate. Some Smith is…

A certain Smith is…

8.a / an +不可数名词：表示一个人或一件具体的事儿。也叫抽象名词具体化！

Failure is mother of success.(是un,正常用不加任何冠词) Bruce Lee is a success in the west. (一位成功人士) The party is a big success.(一次成功的聚会) Have a good time! He gave us a big surprise!(一次惊喜)

二、定冠词the的用法：

1.特指。尤指双方都知道或上文提过的人或物。

Open

the

door,

please.

I

have

a

beautiful

wallet,

but

the

wallet

was

stolen

yesterday.

2. 独一无二的事物the sun ; the globe / earth地球; the universe宇宙;the sea海洋等

注：但这些名词前出现了形容词用a/an，表示一种具体自然现象或天气。

a brilliant sun一轮辉煌的太阳a peaceful world一个和平的世界

a blue sky蓝天a full moon一轮满月

3. 用在方位、西洋乐器、序数词或形容词最高级、娱乐场所、运动场所前。

He lives in the south

Turn ( to the ) left , please She likes to play the piano. Let’s go to the cinema tomorrow Let’s play on the playground.

4. the+单数名词表一类人或物。

The horse feeds on grass. 马以草为食。

5. the+形容词

/ -ved表示一类人或物

The old are taken good care of in the hospital. The wounded are sent to the hospital

6. 用在党派、阶级、民族前，表示一个阶层、民族的所有人。

The Chinese (people)中华民族the French (全体)法国人The working class 工人阶级

The Communist Party 共产党

7.the+姓氏的复数表示一家人或夫妇二人。

The Johns are watching TV.

8.

the用在下面两个句式中：

hit

/

pat

/beat/

operate

…sb.

in/

on

the

+身体部位：打/拍/打/手术…

lead/

take/

shake

/

pull

sb.

by

the

+身体部位：带领/抓住/摇晃/拉…

John’s

brother

took

him

by

the

hand

.（不用his）约翰的哥哥牵着他的手。

He’s

lame

in

the

right

leg.（他右腿瘸。）

He

received

a

blow

on

the

head

他头上挨了一击

9.在世纪，年代前。

in

the

1980s或in

the

1980’s

在20世纪80年代

in

the

19th

century

在十九世纪

10. 在江河、山、湖、海、群岛、海峡、海湾、运河前用the。

the West Lake

但有时以山/湖打头不加the ; 湖名（国外）前一般不加the

Mount Tai , Christmas Island , Lake Tai , Mount Emei

11. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前用the。

the Great Wall 长城

; the United States 美国

; the United Nations 联合国the Chinese People’s Liberation Army 中国人民解放军

the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂

12.西方节日名前一般不加冠词。

New

Year’s

Day

元旦

Women’s

Day

妇女节;

但我国的节日前常加the:

the

Spring

Festival

春节the

Mid-Autumn

Festival

中秋节

三、不用冠词的情况：

1、不可数名词、可数名词复数除非特指，否则不加冠词。

The desk is made of wood.

Water can become steam when it boils.

/

They’re teachers.

2、专有名词前不加冠词

Canada, Beijing ，Lei Feng ，Beijing University北京大学，但the University of Beijing

3、this，

my，that，

those，

these，

her ，next …等不能和the连用

This is my bike. (不说This is my the bike.)

4、月份，星期，季节(泛指)前通常不用冠词

Today

is

the

first

day

of

May；

It’s

hot

in

summer.

注1：特指则加the。the

summer

of

1999.

注2：“过去某一…”，“那是一个…”

则加a/an(回忆或讲故事时)

I

remembered

it

was

a

Sunday

when

his

father

died.

5、称呼、头衔作表语、宾补、呼语时，不加冠词

He

is

chairman

of

the

Students’

Union.

他是学生会主席。(表语)

They

elected

him

president

of

the

U.S.

他们选他当美国总统。(宾补)

Uncle

Tom

is

coming.

(呼语)

6、在三餐、球类，棋类名词前不用冠词。

I have breakfast at 7 every day Play football (basketball, Volleyball) chess

注1：如有定语修饰则用不定冠词a/an，说明一次具体的情况。

I had a quick breakfast at KFC.(一顿快餐) He’s playing a borrowed wiolin.(一把借来的小提琴) 注2：特指加the ：The dinner I had at that restaurant was expensive.（特指)

7、有些地点名词前不用冠词。如：school，college，prison（监狱），hospital，class，church（教堂），court（法庭）

。

如：go to school; go to church(做礼拜) 对比：go to hospital

看病go to the hospital去医院(可能是办事)

8. Man is mortal .人必有一死。

(man做人类不加冠词)

四、冠词位置：

1. a/an位于such，what，many，half后。

I have never seen such an animal.

2. so, too, as, how, however, enough，that + adj. + a/an + 单数名词。

How good a boy he is ! Too long a distance 距离太远了

3. the 在all，

both，double，half，twice，three times后

All the students in the class

the whole family. / all the family