Learning about Language教案（名师）

Unit

3

Grammar I

Revision

过去分词作定语、补足语和表语

一、作定语

1．作定语时，如果过去分词是单个词，一般放在名词前；如果是过去分词短语，要放在名词后，表示主语的状态或已完成的动作。

English is a widely used language. 英语是一种广泛使用的语言。

This is one of the schools built in 1980s. 这是20世纪80年代所建的学校之一。

2．过去分词作定语与所修饰的名词有被动关系、逻辑上的动宾关系时，也可以转换成相应的定语从句。

The broken window(＝The window which was broken) will be replaced soon. 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。

The books bought yesterday(＝which were bought yesterday) are of high quality. 昨天买的书质量很不错。

[特别提醒] (1)过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别

①当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”即现在分词被动形式(一般式)。当被修饰的名词与分词是被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。

The houses being built are for the teachers.

正在建造的房子是给老师们的。

The broken glass is Tom's.

破了的杯子是汤姆的。

I have never seen a more moving movie.

我从未看到过如此感人的电影。

②作定语的不及物动词形式有现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示已经完成。

falling leaves 正落的叶子

fallen leaves 落下的叶子

boiling water 正沸腾的水

boiled water 白开水(沸腾过的水) (2)不定式、现在分词被动式和过去分词作定语的区别

这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作发生的时间上。过去分

词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。

Have you read the novel written by Dickens?

你读过狄更斯写的这本小说吗？

He is a man loved and respected by all.

他是一个受人爱戴和尊敬的人。

Don't use words，expressions，or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge. 不要使用一些只有具备特定知识的人听得懂的单词、表达或短语。

现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。

Listen! The song being sung is popular with the students.

听！正在唱的这首歌很受学生欢迎。

不定式的被动式做定语时，表示一个未来的动作

The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is very important.

明天会议上要讨论的问题非常重要

二、作表语

过去分词作表语，用于连系动词，如：be, appear ,seem ,look ,remain ,feel ,get之后，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态或感受，且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的，主语多为人。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。

I'm interested in reading novels written by Jin Yong.

我对金庸的小说很感兴趣。

The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.

三、作宾语补足语

1．及物动词的过去分词作补语表示被动的意义；而不及物动词的过去分词作补语只表示完成，不表示被动。补语说明宾语或主语所处的状态。

作宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动词，和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。

2．have

sth

done这种结构有三种不同的含义。

(1)表示“请/让/叫别人(为自己做某事)”的意思。这里的“别人”虽然没有在have sth. done结构中明显地说出，但确含有此意，与get相同。

I must have my hair cut.(＝I must let the barber cut my hair.)

我得理发了。

Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong again.

布朗夫人很失望地看到她找人修理的洗衣机又坏了。

(2)表示“遭遇某种(不幸)事情”，说明宾语的一种无意识的受动行为，不说明“谁使(宾语)遭遇某事”。

I had my purse stolen on the bus yesterday.(＝My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday.)

昨天在公共汽车上，我的钱包被偷了。

(3)表示“完成某事”的意思，这些事可以是别人完成的，也可以是自己参与完成的。

He told me he had his house repaired.(＝He told me his house was repaired.)

他告诉我，他的房子修好了。(他也许参加了)

I have had all the branches cut up for firewood.(＝All the branches have been cut up for firewood.)

我把所有树枝都已砍作柴火了。

II

Practice

Revise the Past Participate as the Attributive ,Predicative and Object Complement

用所给动词的正确形式填空，并指出其在句中所作的成分

1．The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas ________ (accept) unless they are truly novel. 2．So Alexander became ________ (interest) in helping deaf people communicate and in deaf education. 3．The ________ (fall) leaves covered the whole road. 4．While waiting for the opportunity to get ________(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty. 5．The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________(develop) after great effort. 6．In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ________(use) in daily conversations.

III

Homework