Learning about Language第一课时导学案

Section_ⅢGrammar —

过去分词(短语)作状语

语法图解

探究发现

①Now once taught by me, she'd become an upper class lady ... ②But, sir, (proudly) once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador's garden party. ③Although wounded all over, the brave soldiers continued to fight. ④Lost in the forest, you should first of all remain where you are, waiting for help to come. ⑤Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital. ⑥Followed by his wolf-dog, the hunter walked slowly in the forest. ⑦He was found lying on the ground, his hands tied. [我的发现]

(1)句①～⑥中的过去分词分别在句中作条件状语、条件状语、让步状语、时间状语、原因状语和方式状语。

(2)过去分词表示被动或已经完成的动作。作状语时，可以单独使用，如句④、句⑤、句⑥；也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，如句①、句②和句③。

(3)过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，如果不一致，我们常在过去分词前加上其逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构，如句⑦。

一、过去分词(短语)作状语

过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。

When offered help, one often says “Thank you” or “It's kind of you”．(时间状语) 当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“It's kind of you”。

Given another chance, I will do it much better.(条件状语) 如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。

Greatly inspired by what he did, I joined him in helping others.(原因状语) 由于受到他所做的事情的鼓励，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。

Visited many times, the place is still worth visiting again. (让步状语) 虽然已参观了几次，这个地方仍值得再来。

He has been preparing his paper all day long, locked in his study.(方式状语) 锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。

The guest walked into the room, greeted by his owner.(伴随状语) 客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。

[即时演练1]

写出下列句中黑体部分分别充当什么状语

①Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. 原因状语

②Time, used correctly, is money in the bank. 条件状语

③If asked to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.条件状语

④Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.方式状语

⑤When (you are) given a medical examination, you should keep calm.时间状语

二、过去分词(短语)作状语时在句中的位置

过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可放在主句前作句首状语，后面用逗号与主句隔开；当放在主句的后面时，前面用逗号与主句隔开。

Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. 因为做得匆忙，他的作业满是错。

He stood there silently, moved to tears. ＝Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感动地热泪盈眶。

[即时演练2]

补全句子

①Defeated_again,_the scientist didn't give up. 尽管再次被打败了，但这位科学家并没有放弃。

②Seen_from_the_air,_the Great Wall looks like a giant dragon. 从空中看，长城看起来像一条巨龙。

③Children, when_accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.

当孩子们由父母陪同时，他们才被允许进入这个运动场。

三、过去分词(短语)作状语时几种特殊情况

1．过去分词在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。

Seen from the top of the mountain (＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful. 从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。

Given ten more minutes

(＝If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly. 如果多给十分钟，我们会完美地完成这份工作。

Greatly touched by his words

(＝Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears. 由于被他的话深深地感动了，她满眼泪花。

Warned of the storm (＝Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm. 尽管被警告了风暴的到来，但农民们仍在农场干活。

2．过去分词在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。

The teacher came into the room, followed by two students

(＝and was followed by two students).

后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。

He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom (＝and was accompanied by his mom)．

母亲陪着，他度过了一整个下午。

3．过去分词作状语可与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句连词改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。

Even if I am invited (＝Even if invited), I will not take part in the party. 即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。

Unless you are asked to speak (Unless asked to speak), you should remain silent at the meeting. 除非被要求说话，在会上你应该保持沉默。

If it is merely drawn on your imagination (＝If merely drawn on your imagination), the report will not be convincing. 假如仅靠你的想象去写，报告是不会有说服力的。

4．过去分词(短语)的独立结构。过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，过去分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称

为过去分词(短语)的独立结构，过去分词(短语)的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。

The project finished (＝After the project was finished)，they had a two weeks' leave. 完成那项工程后，他们休了两周假。

The work done (＝Because the work was done), they went out to have a rest. 因为工作被完成了，他们出去休息去了。

[即时演练3]

用非谓语将下列复合句改为简单句

①When they were asked who had broken the vase, the children all kept silent. →Asked_who_had_broken_the_vase,_the children all kept silent. ②If we are united, we will make our life better. →United,_we will make our life better. ③As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. →Encouraged_by_the_progress made by him, he works harder. ④Although we were exhausted by the hard work, we went on with it. →Exhausted_by_the_hard_work,_we went on with it.

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1．Absorbed (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. 2．Advocated (advocate) by the public, the project will be put into practice. 3．Given (give) more time, they are expected to do it perfectly. 4．Caught (catch) in a heavy traffic jam, the taxi driver began to chat with his passenger to kill time. 5．When left (leave) alone, the baby soon began to feel boring. 6．We set out for a journey, filled (fill) with excitement. 7．All the students seated (seat), the class began. 8．Settled (settle) in a peaceful way, everything returned to normal again. 9．Once performed (perform), the play was well received by the public. 10．Faced (face) with such a difficult problem, he decided to ask for some good advice from his colleagues. Ⅱ.单句写作(用过去分词短语完成句子) 1．Seen_from_the_hill,_the city looks like a beautiful garden. 从山上看，这个城市就像一个美丽的花园。

2．When asked_for_his_views_about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting

and rewarding. 当被问到对教学工作的观点时，菲利普说他觉得既有趣又有意义。

3．Inspired_by_what_he_said/his_words,_they have decided to try their best to achieve what they want. 受到他的话的鼓舞，他们决定尽力实现他们想要的。

4．Finished_on_time,_the paper was handed in. 按时完成了，论文被交了上去。

5．Corrected_by_the_teacher,_the papers were handed out. 被老师订正完后，讲义被分发了下去。

6．Permitted_by_his_manager,_the worker took a day's leave.

得到经理的允许，这个工人休了一天的假。

7．Heated,_the water can change into vapour.

加热后，水可变成蒸汽。

8．Used_for_a_long_time,_the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看起来很旧了。

Ⅲ.语法填空

Dear Mr Wang，

1．Knowing (know) that our library is going to buy books, I'd like to give some 2.suggestions (suggest)．

3．What we need most are popular science books. Usually popular science books explain basic 4.principles (principle) of nature in 5.a simple and interesting way. They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our 6.curiosity (curious) about scientific discoveries. In addition 7.to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. That is why I recommend another category of books: literary books. Classic works, 8.written (write) by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language. They not only offer us joy and 9.excitement (excite), but also encourage us to think critically. I'll be glad if you can consider my 10.recommendation (recommend)．