Learning about Language教案和学案内容

【高考链接】

一、过去分词作状语时的功能及位置

1. 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即过去分词表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的；过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。如：

Although built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful. 尽管这座房子是30年前被建造的，它看起来依然很漂亮。

2. 过去分词短语作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；做伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。如：Given more time, he can do it better. 如果他被给予更多的时间，他就能把它做得更好。

二、

与状语从句的转换

1. 过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为when, while或after等引导的状语从句。如：Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.→ When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。

2. 作条件状语，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的状语从句。如：United we will stand; divided we will fall.→ If we are

united we will stand; if we are divided we will fall.团结就是胜利；分裂必然失败。

3. 作原因状语，可转换为as, since或because等引导的状语从句。如：Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. → As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. 由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。

4. 作让步状语，可转换为although, though或even if等引导的状语从句。如：Although exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey.→ Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. 我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。

5. 作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。如：He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.→ He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake. 他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。

6. 作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。如：Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter. → Aunt Wu came in, and (she) was followed by her daughter. 吴大娘走进来，（她）后面跟着她的女儿。

三、过去分词作表语 1. 过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，表示主语的感受（感情）或心理状态，主语

多为人。

Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。 He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his response. 提醒：过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体，过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，被动语态则表示被动的动作。如：The road is covered with fallen leaves. （表状态） The road is covered by the fallen leaves. (表动作) 2. 过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别： 过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如： Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶 The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。 They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。 At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears. 看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。 英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging,

encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。 四、过去分词作宾语补足语 1. 过去分词可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。例如：

My elder brother had her wallet stolen on a train last week. They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English. （用于使役动词） We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.（用于感官动词） After my encounter with her, I found myself greatly shaken. You should keep her informed of what is going on here. （用于表状态的动词） The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination. 注意：在动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe,

listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。如：I saw Mr. White get off a bus. I saw Mr. White looking into the shop window. ——Do you hear someone knocking at the door? ——Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times. 五、过去分词作定语 1. 过去分词作定语时，相当于一个定语从句。单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系（现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)。例如：

My parents are both retired teachers. We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town ____50 households or more. A. having B. to have C. to have had D. having had 分析：答案为A。后面由现在分词做定语，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town与分词间为主谓关系，应该用现在分词。 例如：

Most of the students invited to the garden party =who were invited to the garden party) came from our school The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the

manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 2. 过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别：过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。试比较下面几组短语： boiled water开水；

boiling water正沸腾的水；developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家；

fallen leaves落叶； falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子； changed condition改变了的情况； changing condition变化着的情况 【高考链接】

1. _____ in the mountain for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. （05江苏卷） A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 2. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （05湖南卷） A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. When _______ help, one often says” Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.” （05福建卷） A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered

4. ______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. （05上海卷） A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put 5. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it_______ often enough. （05天津卷） A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 6. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China. (05北京卷) A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid 7. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well_______.（05湖北卷） A．to spend

B．spent

C．being spent D．spending 8. The disc, digitally _______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海卷) A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded

D. having recorded 9. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _______ at the meeting by my boss. （04全国卷III） A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 10. Helen had to shout _______ above the sound of the music. （04全国卷II） A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 11. No matter how frequently ________, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. (2006 广东） A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed 12. ________ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (2006福建) A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed 13. ________ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. （2006四川）

A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face

14. Five people win the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title ________ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. (2006山东) A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given 15 When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.（2006浙江）

A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 【巩固练习】

1．People cannot but feel _____, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. A. puzzled B. delighted C. puzzling D. delighting 2．And there, almost _______ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet. A. having lost B. losing C. to be lost D. lost 3. As the saying goes, friendship is like money: easier made than _______. A. to be done B. doing C. to keep D.

kept 4. _______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end. A. Being settled B. Settled C. Having settled D. Settling 5. The girl is _______ to be a good dancer if she well trained in an art school. A. gifted and promised B. gifted and promising C. gifting and promising D. gift and promised 6. You see this kind of products _______, wherever you go in the city. A. advertised B. being advertising C. advertising D. having advertised 7. The traffic problem, which we are expecting _______ , should have attracted the local government’s attention.

A. seeing to solve B. to see to solve C. to see solved D. seeing solving 8. _______ of danger in the street at night, she had to stay all night, with no one _______. A. Though warned; to talk with B. Having warned; talked about

C. Warned; to talk to D. to warn; talking with 9. _______ , these letters were difficult for me to read. A. To write in German B. Written in the German language C. Having been written with German D. Being written in German 10. This noon my boss replied _______ the invitation ______ before he went home. A. on; receiving B. to; received C. on; accepted D. to; accepting 11._______ one of the leading poets in America today, Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of novels and plays. A. Considering being B. Considered C. Having considered as D. To consider 12. --- Are all the names of your class _______ here? --- Yes, all _______ those who are absent. A. listed; included

B. listing; includes

C. listed; including D. being listed; being included 13. The power station keeps the villages _______ with electricity. A. supplied B. to supply C. supplying D.

having supplied 14. The dog, ________, will be made a good watchdog. A. to train properly B. being trained properly C. properly to train D. trained properly 15. It was getting dark; I found a car _______ in a pool by the side of the road. A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick 16. The thief fell to the ground, his left foot _______ and blood _______ down from his mouth. A. breaking; running B. broken; running C. breaking; run D. broken; run 17. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _______ on the screen. A. to fix B. to be fixed C. fixed D. fixing 18. --- Did you get a dictionary? --- No, I _____, but there were not any _____. A. tried; to be left B. had tried to; leaving C. tried to; left D. had tried; have left 19. When he came to, he found himself _____ on a chair, with his hands _____ back. A. to sit; tying B. sitting; tying C. seating; tied D. seated; tied

20. The joke told by Tom made us _____, so the teacher couldn’t make himself _____. A. to laugh; hearing B. laughing; heard C. laughing; hear D. laughed; heard 21. Seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction. A. prepare

B. preparing

C. prepared D. having prepared 22. Don’t worry. I’ll have it _____ and get someone _____ it to you tomorrow. A. typed; send B. to type; to send C. type; send D. typed; to send 23. Turning around, she found his eyes _______ upon her with an anger expression. A. Fixing

B. fixed

C. to fix D. were fixing 24. In recent years, a series of landmark buildings _______ by international architects have been set up in Shanghai. A. to be designed B. designed C. designing D. having designed 25．_____ as the "first lady of speech", Dr, Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world’s leading experts on

communication skills. A. Knowing B. Having known C. Known D. To be known 26．Only____ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective. A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. having been taken 27. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _____. A. being fully accepting B. fully accepting C. having fully accepted D. fully accepted 28. Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight _____ off her mind. A. taking B. taken C. take D. to be taken 29. The 18-storeyed building, when _____, will shut out the sun _____ up the rooms in my house. A. completed; lighted B. completing; lighting C. completing; lighted D. completed; lighting 30. With ______ leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling ; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried 【汉译英】

1. 我不认为她的强作欢颜能使她父亲相信她在那个小孤岛上过的开心。

2. 这位皇帝喜欢微服私访。

3. 我父亲坐在扶手椅子上，陷入对往事的回忆中。

4. 她自以为是个名演员。

5. 不许你那样跟他说话！不许侮辱他！他是个人！

【答案及解析】 【高考链接】

1. B 分词作状语。分词与主语之间是被动关系。

2. A 分词作状语。分词与主语之间是被动关系。

3.D 分词作状语。分词与主语之间是被动关系。

4.A 分词作状语。分词与主语之间是被动关系。

5. A 分词作宾语补足语。分词与宾语之间是被动关系。

6. B 空格处的非谓语动词与后面的vacation to China构成短语做expenses的后置定语。而pay与expenses构成动宾关系。

7. B分词作定语。money与spend之间构成被动关系。

8. A disc与record之间构成被动关系。

9. C分词作状语。分词与主语之间是被动关系。

10. D分词作宾语补足语。分词与宾语之间是被动关系。

11. A 根据这一关键词可知应用被动。

12. B 13. A

14. 分词作定语。分词与主语之间是被动关系。

15. C 【巩固练习】

1. 答案A be (feel, get) puzzled感到迷惑、为难。句意：人们不得不感到迷惑，因为他们简直不能理解，他怎么能犯这样愚蠢的错误。 2．答案D lost in结构（be lost in去be）作方式状语。 3. 答案D 与上文并列用过去分词，如：It’s easier said than done.。 4. 答案B Settled作状语，表伴随。 5. 答案B 本句用and连接并列成分，gifted作表语表示“聪慧的”，promise作并列谓语动词表示“有希望”。 6.答案A 用过去分词表被动。 7. 答案C 考查过去分词作宾补。从语境看本句的正常语序是：we are expecting to see the traffic problem solved，是see sth. done结构。 8. 答案C 考查过去分词作状语。 9. 答案B 过去分词表原因，现在分词的被动语态强调动作正在进行（还原为从句后是进行时态），不合题意。 10. 答案B reply to sth.表示“对……作出答复”，第二空用过去分词作定语。 11.答案B 本句表示他被认为是，要用过去分词，后接(to

be)+n./adj.作补助语，即considered(to be) one of the poets。 12.答案C 考查非谓语。第一空用list（列名单）的被动语态，第二空用including作介词表示“包括”。 13.答案A 考查非谓语的正确使用。Keep sth. done表被动含义。 14. 答案D 过去分词短语作条件状语，相当于if it is trained properly。watchdog看门狗。

15．答案B 由短语be stuck in（陷入）可知此处应用过去分词作宾语补足语。 16. 答案B 考查独立主格结构。foot和break之间是被动关系，blood和run是主动关系。

17. 答案C 由固定结构fix one’s eyes on/upon...可知此处应用过去分词。 18. 答案C 18. tried to后省去了get one。 19. 答案D 由seat的用法(be seated)可知第一空应用seated作宾语补足语；with his hands tied back为with的复合结构在句中作伴随状语。 20. 答案B 21. 答案C 由固定短语be (well) prepared for可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。 22.答案D 此处为have sth. done结构和get sb. to do sth. 结构。 23.答案B 24.答案B 过去分词作定语，表一个被动的，已经完成的动作，相当

于定语从句。 25．答案为C 该题考查过去分词在句中用作原因状语。根据句意及句子结构可知，句子的主语Dr, Lillian Glass实际上就是选项动词的主语，相当于As he is known as ...引导的原因状语从句，为被动结构，故选过去分词known。解答该题的关键在于根据句意，准确判断选项动词在句中所作成分。 26．答案B 根据句意可知，选项动词的逻辑主语the medicine与动词take之间为被动关系，实际上相当于一个时间状语从句only when it is taken...结构，故应选taken在句中用作状语。解答该题的关键在于正确区分分词的用法。 27. 答案D before full accepted相当于before they are fully accepted。 28. 答案B feel后可接含有非谓语动词的复合结构。此处宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。题意为“所有考试都通过后，她感觉如释重负。”

29. 答案D when completed=when it is completed；lighting up...在此相当于which lights up...。

30.答案B 【汉译英】

1. I don’t think her forced smile will convince her father that she lives happily on that small lonely island. 2. The emperor liked traveling in disguise.

3. My father was sitting in the armchair, lost in thought of the past. 4. She fancied herself (as) a famous actress. 5. Don’t you ever speak to him like that! Don’t treat him like dirt! He is a man!