Learning about Language第二课时教案

第3课时

语法探究

Teaching aims: Review the usages of the Present Continuous Tense [自学探究] （SB P40 Discovering useful structures）

[要点导航］

现在完成进行时

（1）结构由“have/has been+动词的现在分词”构成，表示从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续进行。例如：

We have been looking for you for an hour. 我们找了你一个小时。（动作刚停止）

She has been teaching English since she graduated. 她毕业后一直在教英语。(动作还在继续进行) We have been going over maths these days. 我们这些天一直在复习数学。（动作还在继续进行）

（2）有时现在完成进行时不是指某动作一直在不停的进行，而是表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作，常常带有感情色彩。例如：

She has been saying that 20 times. 这话她已经说了20遍了。

He has been calling on her several times this week. 他这个星期几次来看他。

We have been having a lot of rain recently. 最近雨水很多。

（3）有时现在完成进行时表示刚才或近来发生的动作，也可表示知道说话时为止的一段时间内发生的动作，这一动做到说话时已经结束，而且一般不再继续下去；这种用法主要表示某一动作所产生的结果或对现在的影响。例如

He has been working too hard. 他工作太辛苦了。

The girl has been playing with toys. 那个女孩一直在玩玩具。

You have been cleaning the classroom, I think. 我想你刚才在打扫教室吧。

（4）现在完成时和现在完成进行时

现在完成时和现在完成进行时均可表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，有时两者可换用。这两种时态的主要区别有两个

：

其一：现在完成时表示动作已完成，着重结果；现在完成进行时表示动作的进行，强调动作的持续性。比较：

I have watered the flowers. 我已经给花浇过水了。（已完成：你不必浇了）

I have been watering the flowers. 我一直在给花浇水。（未完成：一直在浇）

其二：状态动词、知觉动词或情感动词如：see, feel,know,love 等，不可用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时，例如：

I have known her for a long time. 我认识她已经很久了。

I haven’t seen him theses days. 这些日子我没有见过他。

[典例解析] １．--- I ______ so busily recently that I ______ no time to help you with your math.

--- That’s OK. I can manage it by myself.

A. have been working; have

B. have worked; had C. am working; will have D. had been working; had had

［解析］recently常与现在完成时或一般过去时连用。第二空应用一般现在时。答案为A。

2. --- Have you finished the report? --- No. I ______ it all this week. A. will do B. had done C. have done D. have been doing ［解析］现在完成进行时可用于表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，有可能继续延续下去，也可能刚刚结束。本题使用现在完成进行时强调了动作的持续性和未完成性。答案为D。

3. It was some time ______ we realized the truth. (2005山东24)

A. when B. until C. since D. before

［解析］.对于强调句型的判断，主要运用还原法对句子进行检验即可，把it be that省略，把被强调的部分还原，如果句子完整，且句意正确，则为强调句型。否则，则是其他的句型，选D。

[同步练习] ★单项填空

1. We ___for the bus half an hour, but it has not come yet. A. have been waiting

B.have waited

C.are waiting

D.have been waited 2. You are so late. We ________you for a whole hour. A. waited

B.had waited

C.were waiting for

D.have been waiting for

3. He _______articles for our wall-newspaper the three years, and he ______about thirty articles. A. has written; has written

B.has been writing ;wrote C.is writing ;has been writing

D.has been writing ;has written 4. It_________for two days. The roads will be blocked if it __________soon.

A. snowed ;won’t

B.has been snowing ; doesn’t stop

C.has snowed ;won’t stop

D.snow; doesn’t stop 5. It _______for two hours and the ground is too wet to play on, so the match_________.

A. has been raining; has put off

B.has rained ; is put off

C.was raining; has been put off

D.has been raining ; has been put off 6.He wanted to know how this ___________________

A. had happened

B.happened

C.has happened

D.has been happening

7. China sent up Shenzhou VImanned spaceship into space successfully, which shows science and technology ________rapidly in China.

A. has been developing

B.develops

C.is developing

D.has developed 8. Mrs.White became a teacher in 1985.She _______for 20years by next summer.

A. will teach

B.would have taught

C.has been teaching

D.will have been teaching 9. ---Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

---I am tired. I ________the living room all day. A. painted

B.had painted

C.have been painting

D.have painted

10. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy______going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. A. had considered

B.has been considering

C.considered

D.is going to consider