Grammar设计意图

请认真阅读下面句子，并补全所缺内容，同时进行仿写。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解、应用长难句的能力。

1. They included detailed drawings of the human body, plans for engineers to build canals and bridges, and astonishing drawings of machines which were not to be built until hundreds of years later, such as aeroplanes, parachutes, submarines and tanks. (P17)

【分析】

①本句是一个主从复合句。

②主句为“主语（They）+谓语（included）+宾语（drawings of the human body, plans for engineers to build canals and bridges and drawings of machines）”结构。

③which引导的定语从句修饰________，until hundreds of years later作时间状语。

④such as后面的内容作machines的________语。

【句意】它们包括人体的细致素描、供工程师修建运河和桥梁的设计图以及直到几个世纪后才制造出来的机器的惊人制图，例如飞机、降落伞、潜水艇和坦克。

【仿写】他留下了许多伟大的诗篇和直到几十年后才出了名的画作，例如一幅他父亲的画像。

__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 2. In short, Leonardo was an extraordinary genius, an example of what has been described as “Renaissance man”: someone interested in everything and with many different talents. (P17)

【分析】

①本句是一个主从复合句。

②主句的主干为Leonardo was an extraordinary genius；an example ... different talents作an extraordinary genius的同位语。what引导________从句且在从句中作主语。

③someone作Renaissance man的同位语，interested ... talents作定语修饰someone。

【句意】简言之，莱奥纳多是一个非凡的天才，一个被描绘成“文艺复兴人物”的典范：一个对凡事皆有兴趣并有诸多才能的人。

【仿写】简言之，她是一位出色的老师，一个被描绘成“真正教育家”的典范：一个全力倾注于自己事业的人。

__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 答案

1.【分析】machines；同位

【仿写】He left many great poems and paintings which were not famous until dozens of years later, such as a painting of his father. 2.【分析】宾语

【仿写】In short, she was an excellent teacher, an example of what has been described as “real educator”: someone devoted herself to her career.

shade

【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳shade的意思及用法。

1. She was sitting in the shade of a large tree. 2. I bought a new shade for the lamp. 3. This hair colouring comes in several shades. 4. The portrait looks lifeless with no light and shade. 5. Matt's clothes were just a shade too big for me. 6. She shaded her eyes from / against the sun. 7. The areas affected by the flood have been shaded on the map. 【自我归纳】shade既可作名词，也可作动词。

★作名词时，意为：①阴凉处（句1）；②灯罩（句2）；③颜色，色度（句3）；④暗部，阴影部分（句4）；⑤一点，略微（句5）。

★作动词时，意为：①给……遮挡（光线）（常用搭配：shade ... ________ ...）（句6）；②把……涂暗，画阴影（句7）。

【拓展】shade into意为“渐变”。如：

The colours of the light shaded from blue into purple. 【即学即练】翻译下面句子。

1. 你这幅画的明暗色调不够。

______________________________________________________________ 2. 这棵树提供了一块舒适阴凉的地方。

______________________________________________________________ 3. 她用手遮脸以避阳光。

______________________________________________________________ depend on

【归纳】depend on意为：①依靠，依赖（常用搭配：depend on ... for ...；depend on ... to do sth.）；②确信，相信，指望（常用搭配：depend on ... doing sth.；depend on ... to do sth.）；③取决于，由……决定（后可接名词或从句）。如：

She depends on her parents for money. I'm depending on you to tell me everything. We're depending on him finishing the job by Friday. You can depend on her to be late. The cooking time needed depends on the size of the potato. How much it costs depends on how much you buy. 【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。

1. 他知道可以依靠她来应付这种局面。

He knew he could ________ ________ ________ ________ deal with the situation. 2. 我们是否需要更多的食物取决于有多少人到场。

We might need more food ________ ________ ________ ________ people turn up. 答案

shade

【自我归纳】from / against 【即学即练】

1. There is not enough light and shade in your drawing. 2. The tree gives a pleasant shade. 3. She shaded her face from / against the sun with her hand. depend on

【即学即练】

1. depend on her to 2. depending on how many