Learning about Language优质公开课教案

Teaching Design Nonfinite Verb -- by Wang Lanfang

from Huiyang Senior Middle School Experimental School Teaching Aims:

1. Learn about what is nonfinite verb

2. Master the usage of nonfinite verb and use it fluently. Key teaching points: 1.

three basic forms 2.

the basic usage of infinitive 3.

the basic usage of gerund “-ing” form 4.

the basic usage of the past participle and the present participle Difficult teaching points: 1.

the differences of three basic forms 2.

participle and infinitive forms used as attribute, adverbial and complement

3.

gerund used as subject and object 4.

the different usage of three nonfinite forms 5.

the usual mistakes of three nonfinite forms

Teaching procedures I.

Review the simple verb forms, and put up the nonfinite form

II.

Give some sentences including nonfinite forms to the students, and let them find out three forms of nonfinite 1.

Tell Mary that there's someone ______for her at the door.

A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait 2.

There is a big dog _______to a fence outside the house. A. tying B. tied C. to tie D .ties 3.

The_______waiter came up to us and said, "You are welcome."

A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile

4. ______the early train, you'll have to get up early and rush in a taxi.

A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch 5.

There, in the corner, sat three girls,_______.

A. sew B. were sewing C. to sew D. sewing 6.

Whether it will do us harm remains_______.

A. seen B. seeing C. being seen D. to be seen 7.

Whom would you rather have _______with you, him or me?

A. to be gone B. gone C. going D. go 8.

The power station keeps the villages _____ with electricity.

A. supplied B. to supply C. supplying D. having supplied 1

9.

The path in the park looked beautiful, _____ with _______ leaves.

A. covered; falling

B. covered; fallen C. covering; falling

D. covering, fallen 10. I won't go to the party even if_______.

A. inviting B. being invited C. invited D. having invited

III.

Use the mind-map to show the rules, the structures and the usage of three

nonfinite forms

IV.

Connect with College Entrance Examination Previous years real exercise (2016年全国卷I) 66. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter __________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued form starvation in the wild. 67. My ambassadorial duties will include ________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 2

(2016年全国卷II) 69. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely __________ (bring) your work home. (2016年全国卷III) 63. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal __________ (create) special designs. 64. People probably cooked their food in large pots, __________ (use) twigs to remove it. (2017年全国卷I) 63. They are required _________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover form injury and for several other bodily functions. 68. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by _________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. (2017年全国卷II) 63. This included digging up the road, __________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. (2017年全国卷III)

61. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term __________ (rest). 65. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants _________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.

V Exercise 1. There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.

A. was B. being C. were D. had been 2. The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on

the ground.

A. found B. find C. finding D. to find 3. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.

A. closing; trembling B. closed; trembling

C. closed; trembled D. closing; trembled 4. Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.

A. to hope B. hoping C. so that D. and 5. How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A. hearing B. heard C. hear D. to hear 6. We should prevent pollution ______ happily.

A. from living B. living C. to living D. to live 7. I am busy now, so I can't help ______ the machine.

A. repair B. to have repaired C. repairing D. fixing 8. Jane came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics.

A. to win B. winning C. to winning D. to be won 9. The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his

father.

A. turning B. to turn C. to be turned D. turned 3

10. ----By the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?

----Last week.

A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted 11. He likes ____, but he doesn't like ____ today because it is too cold.

A. to swim; to swim B. swimming; swimming

C. to swim; swimming D. swimming; to swim 12. The novel is said ____ into many languages.

A. to translate

B. being translated

C. to have been translated D. having been translated 13. I'm examining the composition he has just finished ____ the

possible mistakes in it.

A. correcting B. to correct C. corrected D. correct 14. They would not allow him ____ across the enemy line.

A. to risk going B. risking to go

C. for risk to go D. risk going He spent as much time as he could _____ the child.

A. teaching B. to teach C. teach D. for teaching 16. _____ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.

A. Entering

B. Having entered C. He entered

D. Mrs Green entering 17. They set out ______ for the ______ boy.

A. searching; losing

B. searching; lost

C. to search; lost

D. to search; missed 18. ____ her mother had come, her face lit up.

A. Hearing

B. Having heard C. When hearing

D. When she heard 19. They arrived at their university very late, _____ the gate closely shut.

A. found B. to find C. find D. finding 20. ----Do you have anything more _____, sir?

----No. You can have a rest or do something else.

A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type 21. The manager promised to keep me _____ of how our business was

going on.

A. to be informed B. on informing

C. informed D. informing 22. With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all

the time.

A. to settle B. settling C. settled D. being settled 23. Will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster's

office?

A. teaching B. teach C. who teaches D. who teaching 24. After _____ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.

A. being interviewed B. interviewed

C. interviewing D. having interviewed 4

25 . They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.

A. their not being able B. their being not able

C. them not able D. them being able not 26.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce

variants of genes in human bodies.

A. Being exposed B. Having exposed

C. Exposed D. After being exposed 27. China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on

December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global

trade body.

A. having realized B. realized C. realizing D. to realize 28. Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the

words _____ in his heart for years.

A. filling; having hidden

B. filled; hidden

C. filling; hidden

D. filled; hiding 29. Which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?

A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent 30. ----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?

----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.

A. locking B. to lock C. locked D. being locked 31. I regret _____ you that they are unable to come to your wedding

tomorrow.

A. informing B. having informed C. to have been informed D. to inform 32. He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ____.

A. noticing B. noticed C. to notice D. being noticed 33. He spoke in such a high voice ____ out in the street.

A. as to be heard B. to be heard C. as to hear D. to hear 34. As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported

schools must be set up in every town _____ 50 households or more.

A. having B. to have C. to have had D. having had 35. The building project _____next year is, I think, not easy ____ in time.

A.being carried out; to complete B.carried out; to be completed

C.to be carried out; to complete D.to be carried out; to be completed 36. Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I

thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.

A. make B. be making C. having made D. have made 37. ----Here's a new pair of shoes for you.

----Thank you, but there's no need ______ a new pair for me.

A. to have bought B. to buy C. buying D. to be buying 38.What worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in the

hospital. 5

A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed

C. having not been allowed D. his being not allowed 39. To do a bit for the motherland, ______.

A.working hard is necessary B.to learn a foreign language is needed

C. it is important to master science D. one should serve the people whole-heartedly 40. Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have

another chance.

A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking

非谓语动词知识点

一、

基础知识部分：

非谓语动词（一）——分词

【基本概念】

1.

对英语动词的基本认识

英语中动词的语法作用同汉语区别很大。动词除了在句子中充当谓语之外，还常以非谓语的形式充当其他的句子成分。按照动词是否充当谓语，我们可以把动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两类。每一类动词所包含的主要语法知识如

下。

时态

（按高考要求共九个时态）

谓语动词

语态

（主动语态和被动语态）

语气

（陈述语气和虚拟语气）

主谓一致

动词

动词不定式

非谓语动词

分词

（现在分词和过去分词）

动名词

非谓语动词是指不充当谓语而做其他句子成分的动词，凡是用作非谓语的动词在形式上都要有所变化，以区别于谓语动词。

分词的语法作用

分词分现在分词和过去分词两类，具有形容词和副词的语法功能，在句子中可以充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

2.

掌握主谓关系用现在分词，动宾关系用过去分词的基本原则。

①分词做定语时，看分词同它所修饰的名词或代词的关系。分词所修饰的名词或代词同分

为主谓关系时，用现在分词；分词所修饰的名词或代词同分词为动宾关系时，用过去分词。

②分词做宾语补足语时，看分词同宾语补足语的关系。主谓关系用现在分词；动宾关系用过去分词。

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3.

分词作表语时，区别现在分词和过去分词的两种方法。

①分词作表语时，现在分词表示主语的特征；过去分词表示主语所处的状态。

The temperature is –15°C. It is freezing outside. ( P.51, Senior Book2B) 现在分词freezing作表语，表示主语“天气”的特征。

②surprise, excite, interest, frighten, worry, please, 等动词具有共同的特点，他们的意思都是“使……（人）…怎么样”。这类动词充当表语时区别现在分词或过去分词的方法比较简单：如果主语是表示“人”的词语，表语用过去分词；主语是表示“事”或“物”的词语，表语用现在分词。

非谓语动词（二）——动名词

【基本概念】

1.现行高中教材中将动名词和现在分词统称为-ing形式。这样处理英语传统语法项目的初衷是简化语法术语、淡化语法概念，让学生更多地通过语感掌握其用法。然而，在教学实践中却遇到了另外一些不好解决的问题。其一，取消了“现在分词”的概念之后，增加了“现在分词和过去分词的区别”这一关键知识的教学难度：其二，混淆动名词和现在分词的概念使得属于动名词范围的一些细节问题的教学不容易开展，如动名词做宾语的问题、分词和动名词的逻辑主语问题等。

现在分词和动名词都可以做定语和表语，概念却有所不同。遇到这些问题完全可以采取淡化或者回避的办法，就如同我们很少强调形容词做定语、表语同名词做定语、表语的区别一样。学生能够领悟其中的区别更好，不能理解也无关紧要。

2.动名词在书写形式上同现在分词相同，但语法概念和语法功能各异。动名词具有名词的语法作用，在句子中主要充当主语和宾语。

非谓语动词（三）——不定式

【基本概念】

不定式是动词的非谓语形式之一，具有名词、形容词、副词的性质，在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

使用不定式时，大多数情况下要带有不定式的符号“to”，少数情况不用“to”。

1.不定式做主语。

不定式做主语时，通常使用形式主语。而将做主语的不定式放在句子的后面。

不定式做宾语时也有使用形式宾语的问题，但必须同时具备两个条件：①有宾语补足语。②宾语是动词不定式短语或宾语从句。

2.不定式做表语

It has been proved that the way to produce the most food is to let farmers grow crops either to feed their family or to sell. 3.不定式做定语

…but it is thought that 500 million people in the world do not have enough

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to eat, which is about one in ten. 不定式表示目的极为常见。有时为了强调目的,可以用in order to或so as to ；有时将不定式短语置于句首也是表示目的常见用法。

4.不定式做宾语补足语

不定式做宾语补足语时有两种情况：绝大多数做宾语补足语的不定式用带to的动词不定式；动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe, have, make, let后做宾语补足语的不定式主动语态时必须用不带to的不定式；改为被动语态又必须用to 。

二、

需练习巩固的知识

1.动名词的逻辑主语

动名词的逻辑主语表示动名词所代表的动作是谁做的。动名词逻辑主语规范的表达形式是：①无生命的内容用名词的一般形式。②有生命的内容如果是名词，用该名词的所有格；如果是代词，则用形容词性物主代词。

He has always insisted on his being called Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner. 译文：他总是坚持让别人称呼他特纳博士而不是特纳先生。

his 是动名词being called的逻辑主语，但同call 构成被动关系。如果是主动关系应为call him Dr. Turner。

2.动名词的完成式

所有非谓语动词的完成式都表示非谓语动作先于谓语动作，动名词的完成式也不例外。

3.动名词的被动式

动名词的被动式同现在分词的被动式相同----being done。

动名词被动式的使用主要看动名词和句子主语的逻辑关系：主谓关系用主动式，动宾关系用被动式。

4.动名词做介词宾语时应注意的问题

动名词做介词的宾语一般情况同做动词的宾语没有区别。应注意的是，下列短语中的to不是动词不定式的符号，而是介词，因此如果需要使用动词的非谓语形式，必须使用动名词。

三、

易错知识点

（1）动名词

动名词一章的关键知识是动名词做宾语同不定式做宾语的区别。这种区别根据“约定俗成”的原则成为语法规则，因此没有过多的道理可讲。牢牢记住这些规则，在语言实践中能够熟练地运用，便是最好的学习方法。

1.下列动词只能用动名词做宾语，

不能用不定式：suggest, finish, enjoy, practise, miss, avoid, require, delay, excuse, pardon, consider, deny, escape, can’t help, risk 等。

2.一些动词后用动名词做宾语和用不定式做宾语意思不同。

①remember, forget, regret后用动名词做宾语表示已经发生过了的动作；用不定式做宾语表示将要发生或尚未发生的动作。

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remember to do 表示记住要去做某事；remember doing表示记得曾经做过某事。regret doing表示后悔做了某事；regret to say (tell)表示遗憾地说（告诉）。

②try to do 表示“设法做”（克服困难、障碍努力做）；try doing表示“试着做”（对结果没有把握，尝试去做，看看是否可以）。

③like (love) to do 表示具体的一次性动作；like (love) doing表示倾向性的动作。

④动词need的用法同动名词做宾语有密切的关系。

a)当主语是表示“人”的词语时，need 的宾语用动词不定式的一般式，这时不定式同句子的主语也是主谓关系。

b)当主语是表示“事”或“物”的词语时，主语同need往往为动宾关系。这时，用need to be done或need doing 均可，但要注意need doing 是用动名词的主动式表示被动的概念。

⑤stop to do 和stop doing 的语法结构不同，因此意思也就不同。stop doing中的doing 是动名词做宾语，表示stop动作的对象，意思为“停止做某事”。Stop to do 中的不定式to do 是目的状语，表示“停止正在做的事的目的是要做某事”。

⑥mean doing 的意思是“意谓着”、“就是”。

（2）动词不定式

1.不定式的进行式

当谓语所表示的动作或状态发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行，这时要用不定式的进行式。

They are said to be building another bridge across the Changjiang River. He pretended to be doing his homework carefully when his mother came in. 2.不定式的完成式

同其他非谓语形式一样，不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作先于谓语动作。

I’m sorry to have done that, I didn’t mean to be so rude. (P.43, Senior Book3) 3.不定式的被动式

当不定式的逻辑主语同不定式具有逻辑动宾关系时，不定式要用被动式。

But some people don’t want good farmland to be built on. (P.25, Senior Book2B) 4.不定式与疑问词连用

不定式与疑问词连用，其作用相当于一个名词性从句，可充当句子的主语、宾语和表语。

I’m not sure whether to go to the one about accidents. (P.1, Senior Book3) 5.不定式做定语时的有关问题

不定式做定语时可以分为两类：

①不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的逻辑主语。

China is the first countries in the world to study the science of farming.

②不定式同他所修饰的名词具有逻辑动宾关系，如果不能确立动宾关系或不定式为不及物动词，必须使用介词。

6.不定式的逻辑主语问题

不定式的逻辑主语表示不定式动作的执行者，通常由介词for加名词、名词性词组或宾格代词构成，置于不定式符号to之前。

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（3）分词

1.现在分词被动式同过去分词的区别

现在分词同过去分词的基本区别可见下表。

时间概念

语态概念

现在分进行或与谓语动作主动概念

词

同时

过去分完成

被动概念

词

但现在分词被动式being done也表示被动，在语态概念上与过去分词相同，因此区别就只在于时间概念了。

2.分词作定语同不定式作定语的区别

不定式作定语在时间概念上表示“将要”，这是他们之间最根本的区别。

3.介词with后的宾语补足语

介词with具有一般介词都不具备的语法功能，with后面可以带“宾语+宾语补足语”的结构。

4.分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题

分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构。关于分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题，在试题中可以看到各种不同的命题技巧。

5.现在分词作宾语补足语时同不定式作宾语补足语的区别

动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe等可以用不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语，也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，但意思有区别。不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的全过程已经完成；现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作在谓语动作发生的瞬间正在进行。

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