Learning about Language优质课教学设计

The past participle used as adverbial

过去分词作状语

过去分词可以做：定语，表语，状语，宾补

作状语：相当于状语从句

Higgins gives Elisa the notebook when he is asked what he has taken down.

=When asked what he has taken down, Higgins gives Elisa the notebook. (时间状语)

Because Elisa was ignored by Higgins all the time, she decided to leave him. =Ignored by Higgins all the time, Elisa decided to leave him. （原因状语）

Higgins was sure that if Elisa was taught by him, she’d become an upper class lady.

=Higgins was sure that if taught by him, she’d become an upper class lady. （条件状语）

Although Freddy was refused by Elisa , he didn’t lose heart.

=Refused by Elisa, he didn’t lose heart.

（让步状语）

Elisa went to

the party and she was accompanied by Higgins and Pickering. =Elisa went to

the party , accompanied by Higgins and Pickering. （让步/伴随状语）

2. Conjunction+V-ed （连词+过去分词）

when/while/if/once/unless/although+done

When/While

educated by Higgins, Elisa learned to speak properly. If / Once

educated by Higgins, Elisa would become an upper class lady. Unless educated by Higgins, Elisa would never become an upper class lady.

before/after +being done After being educated by Higgins, Elisa was accepted as an upper class lady.

3. Differences between done and having been done used as adverbial（过去分词和现在分词的完成式作状语的区别）

Taught by Higgins, she gradually knew how to speak properly. Having been taught for several months, she finally knew how to speak properly.

4. Negative forms of V-ed (过去分词的否定形式) Elisa was unhappy because she was not treated well. =Not treated well, Elisa was unhappy. We were not satisfied with the result . We decided to do it again. =Not satisfied with the result ，

We decided to do it again.

The classroom was not cleaned this morning. It is dirty now. Not cleaned this morning, the classroom is dirty now.

5.Differences between V-ing and V-ed used as adverbial （现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别）

Writing carefully, he got a high mark in the composition. Written carefully, his composition got a high mark.

_Seeing_____ from the top of Mountain Nan, we can see our school clearly.

_Seen_____ from the top of Mountain Nan, our school is beautiful.

如果句子的主语和分词之间是主动关系, 用

_______；

如果句子的主语和分词之间是被动关系，用_________。

6.过去分词不表被动的情况：表状态

①

表人的情感的使动词

常见的有：

excite, surprise, amuse, interest, frighten, satisfy, disappoint,…

②

固定系表结构词组

be seated in (坐)/ be dressed in (穿着)/be born in (出身于) /be lost in (沉浸于)/be tired of （

厌倦于）/be worried about （担心

）/ be determined to （心定决心去）/be faced with(面对…)

1.Frightened by the noise, they rushed back into the house. 2.Determined not to fall behind, he began to work hard. 3.They screamed , scared to death. 4.Tired of the his job, he left the company for a new career. 5.Lost in thought, he didn’t hear the sound.

7注意: 用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致, 否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑主语, 这种结构称为独立主格结构.

1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 2. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.

小结：

分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子主语

逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。

主语找出后，再来判关系。

主动用-ing，被动用-ed。

分词作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，往往可以转换为相应的状语从句。

牢记形容词化的过去分词(短语)作状语,不表动作,而表状态.